問題一覧
1
What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?
40 degrees
2
For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is
90 degrees from the plane of the IR.
3
The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the calcaneus is
0 degrees
4
Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus?
Lateral (mediolateral)
5
The central-ray angulation for the AP ankle projection is
0 degrees
6
For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the
ankle joint, midway between the malleoli.
7
Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?
Ankle mortise
8
To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?
In dorsiflexion
9
The central-ray angle for a lateral projection of the ankle is
0 degrees
10
For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the
medial malleolus.
11
Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?
Over the posterior half of the tibia
12
All of the following must be rotated for all oblique projections of the ankle, except
pelvis.
13
To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?
15 to 20
14
When the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parallel with the IR, the ankle is in position for which projection?
AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise
15
The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many degrees?
45
16
Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile?
AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
17
The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the ankle is
0 degrees
18
Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both malleoli?
AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
19
Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversion injury?
AP stress studies
20
What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the leg?
0 degrees
21
What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?
Parallel to the IR
22
How far should the IR or collimated field extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the leg?
1 to 1.5 inches
23
Often, the leg is too long to fit on one IR for radiographs. Which joint or joints should be included on the IR when the site of a lesion is unknown?
Both joints on two IRs
24
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
25
An alternative method for a lateromedial projection of the leg when a patient cannot be turned from the supine position is
perform the projection cross-table using a horizontal central ray.
26
When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection
the patella is completely superimposed on the femur.
27
Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the knee?
1/2 inch below the patellar apex
28
When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is between 19 and 24 cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is
0 degrees
29
When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is greater than 24 cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is
5 degrees cephalad.
30
When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is less than 19 cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is
5 degrees caudad.
31
How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?
20 to 30 degrees
32
Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection? 1. Epicondyles perpendicular to the IR 2. Patella perpendicular to the IR 3. Leg flexed 20 to 30 degrees
1, 2, and 3
33
To prevent fragment separation in an unhealed patellar fracture, the knee should not be flexed more than _____.
10 degrees
34
The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is
5 to 7 degrees cephalad.
35
Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a joint space?
AP of both knees with weight-bearing
36
Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with which of the following projections?
AP, bilateral weight-bearing
37
Leach et al. recommended which of the following projections to be routinely included in the radiographic examination of arthritic knees?
AP, bilateral weight-bearing
38
The central-ray angle for an AP, bilateral weight-bearing knee is
0 degrees
39
The central-ray angle for AP oblique projections of the knee is
variable, depending on the ASIS-to-tabletop distance.
40
For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated _____ degrees.
45
41
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial rotation?
Tibiofibular articulation
42
The patient position and central ray shown in this figure will demonstrate the
intercondylar fossa.
43
How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa?
Perpendicular to the lower leg
44
Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa using the Holmblad method? 1. Standing (horizontal central ray) 2. Kneeling on the table (vertical central ray) 3. Standing with knee on stool (vertical central ray)
1, 2, and 3
45
The patient position and central-ray method demonstrated in this figure is the
Camp-Coventry (intercondylar fossa).
46
In which position is the patient placed for a PA projection of the patella?
Prone
47
To place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be rotated
5 to 10 degrees laterally.
48
What is the central-ray angle for a PA projection of the patella?
0 degrees
49
Where should the central ray be directed for a PA projection of the patella?
Midpopliteal area
50
How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection of the patella?
5 to 10 degrees