CELL: Structure and Function

通報

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Five Common Components of Cells

Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm DNA Ribosome Cytoskeleton

Common Components of Eukaryotic Cells

Nucleus Mitochondria Peroxisome, vesicles, and vacuoles Smooth and Rough ER Golgi Apparatus

1) Plasma Membrane ● A — with embedded — that SEPARATES the — from its SURROUNDING —.

PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER PROTEINS INTERNAL CONTENTS OF THE CELL environment

● Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Plasma Membrane

● Plasma membranes of cells that are specialized in ABSORPTION are folded into FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONs called —.

microvilli

● Main functions: IDENTIFICATION, COMMUNICATION, regulation of SOLUTE EXCHANGE through the MEMBRANE, ISOLATION OF CYTOPLASM from the external environment.

Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm ● Consists of —

70%-80% water.

It has a semi-solid consistency due to the organic molecules and other elements found in it.

Cytoplasm

● CELL GROWTH HAPPENS HERE because of nutrients, water, and other materials

cytoplasm

● CYTOPLASM ELement composition:

sodium, potassium, calcium

● CYTOPLASM Composed of —2 (water and other elements)

cytosol/cytoplasmic molecules

● CHROMOSOMES are structures within the nucleus that are made up of —, the HEREDITARY MATERIAL.

3) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

● The DNA is packaged by SPECIAL PROTEINS called — to form CHROMATIN.

histones

The — further condenses to form chromosomes. ● This means —1 is the lower order of DNA organization whereas — are the higher order of DNA organization.

chromatin chromosomes

● Cellular organelles responsible for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and considered as the PROTEIN FACTORY of the cell.

4) Ribosome

● Consists of two subunits, the large and small subunit.

Ribosomes

● Ribosomes receive their orders from the — where the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA.

nucleus

The mRNA travels to the —, which TRANSLATES THE CODE provided by the sequence of the nitrogenous bases in the mRNA into a specified order of AMINO ACIDS in a protein.

ribosome

● Originates from the — or the “ribosome factory of the cell.”

nucleolus

● Structure that provides SUPPORT so that cells can carry out functions like Division:

5) Cytoskeleton

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

● For CELLULAR MOVEMENT, 7 nm, intertwined globular proteins (actin)

a) Microfilaments

● ATP use for the movement

Microfilaments

● Myosin (motor protein)

Microfilaments

● Monomer of microfilaments: actin subunit *polymer of protein (actins) ● When the microfilaments depolymerize and disassemble, its — change.

rigidity and shape

○ Lose shape during anaphase, the cell goes into elongation (microtubules)

1. Depolymerize

○ Usually happens when a cell DETECTS a FOREIGN BODY WBC, phagocyte the pathogens

Depolymerize

Depolymerize ○ Happens during:

a. Cell division b. Cell death c. Phagocytosis (ex. WBC engulfs pathogens)

2. Active transport ○ — - large (cell eating) ○ — - small (cell drinking)

Phagocytosis Pinocytosis

● Microfilament monomers are called — and when it intertwines is called—.

Actin subunit Actin filaments

● STRANDS OF FIBROUS proteins 8-10 nm, between microfilaments and microtubules

b) Intermediate Filaments

● Has a role for signaling information, shape, movement, and rigidity, but is mainly for STRUCTURAL REASONS, like to bear tension, MAINTAIN the cell’s SHAPE, anchor the ORGANELLES in PLACE, and create a supportive SCAFFOLDING, making them the PILLARS OF THE CELL.

b) Intermediate Filaments

● Containing ALPHA AND BETA TUBULIN, are polymerized dimers tubulin, and are the WIDEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON at 25 nm

c) Microtubules

● Are responsible for RESISTING COMPRESSION, providing track for the MOVEMENT OF VESICLES.

Microtubules

● Microtubules also play a part in — by contributing to the FORMATION OF MITOTIC SPINDLES and aid in PULLING REPLICATED CHROMOSOMES during anaphase.

cell division

ALERTNESS

ALERTNESS

ENTREPRENEUR

ENTREPRENEUR

ATTENTIVENESS

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ATTENTIVENESS

29問 • 2年前

ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

INTRODUCTION TO GREEK LITERATURE

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INTRODUCTION TO GREEK LITERATURE

29問 • 2年前

GREEK LITERATURE

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GREEK LITERATURE

23問 • 2年前

1.2 Common Logical Fallacies

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1.2 Common Logical Fallacies

20問 • 2年前

AVAILABILITY

AVAILABILITY

AVAILABLITIY - Quotes

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AVAILABLITIY - Quotes

21問 • 2年前

AVL. - Noah's Ark

AVL. - Noah's Ark

AVL. - George Washington

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AVL. - George Washington

7問 • 2年前

PP1 - Lifestyle

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PP1 - Lifestyle

34問 • 2年前

PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

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PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

19問 • 2年前

PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

HP1– Consumer Health Information

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HP1– Consumer Health Information

17問 • 2年前

HP1 - Alternative Medicine

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HP1 - Alternative Medicine

27問 • 2年前

AD1 - Works

AD1 - Works

PD1

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PD1

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SKILL RELATED

SKILL RELATED

HEALTH RELATED

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HEALTH RELATED

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HD1

HD1

1.3 Kalamidad

1.3 Kalamidad

QUIZ

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QUIZ

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STEPS

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STEPS

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CATEGORY

CRITERIA

CRITERIA

Landforms

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Landforms

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MOUNTAIN RANGES

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MOUNTAIN RANGES

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Volcano

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Volcano

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Faults

Faults

Earthquake

Earthquake

HD1 - Med Pro

HD1 - Med Pro

GRAPHICS ORGANIZER

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GRAPHICS ORGANIZER

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GRAPHIC OG PICS

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GRAPHIC OG PICS

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CASH FLOW

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CASH FLOW

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LESSON 9

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LESSON 9

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36問 • 2年前

Paglutas ng Climate changr

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Paglutas ng Climate changr

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Kawalan ng Trabaho

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Kawalan ng Trabaho

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Tyoes of Pronouns

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Tyoes of Pronouns

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Frictional, Structural, Cyclical

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Frictional, Structural, Cyclical

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EGGS

EGGS

QUALITY

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QUALITY

15問 • 2年前

MARKET

MARKET

Wave Formation

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Wave Formation

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Proponents of EM Wave Theory

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Proponents of EM Wave Theory

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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

RISKS and HAZARDs

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RISKS and HAZARDs

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BENEVOLANCE

BENEVOLANCE

Quotes

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Quotes

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ZACCHEUS

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ZACCHEUS

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THE GOOD SAMARITAN

THE GOOD SAMARITAN

Joseph the Dreamer

Joseph the Dreamer

RUTH

RUTH

METHODD

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METHODD

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A simple act of kindness

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A simple act of kindness

16問 • 2年前

Trix Soriano · 100問 · 2年前

E - Definition

E - Definition

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A DEFINITION PT 2

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A DEFINITION PT 2

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D - Definition

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D - Definition

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d definition 2

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d definition 2

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Facts of Light

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Facts of Light

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E - Examples

E - Examples

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E - Mixed

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E - Mixed

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Properties of Light

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Properties of Light

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12問 • 2年前

PARTS

PARTS

VEGETABLES

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VEGETABLES

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PREPARING

PREPARING

SIZES

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SIZES

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Image formation

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Image formation

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Ray Diagramming

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Ray Diagramming

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Mirror Equation

Mirror Equation

BOLDNESS

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BOLDNESS

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QUOTES

QUOTES

David and Goliath

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David and Goliath

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DANIEL FIERY FURNACE

DANIEL FIERY FURNACE

DANIEL LION'S DEN

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DANIEL LION'S DEN

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SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

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SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

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TROJAN WAR

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TROJAN WAR

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TROJANS

TROJANS

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35問 • 2年前

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31問 • 2年前

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19問 • 2年前

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12問 • 2年前

LESSON 12

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LESSON 12

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LESSON 13

LESSON 13

LENS

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LENS

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CAUTIOUSNESS

CAUTIOUSNESS

OPTICAL DEVICES

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OPTICAL DEVICES

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COMPASSION

COMPASSION

QUOTATIONS

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QUOTATIONS

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COMPUTER NETWORK

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COMPUTER NETWORK

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TOPOLOGY

TOPOLOGY

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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