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mod 5 chapter 2

mod 5 chapter 2
40問 • 1年前
  • Trix Soriano
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    A SURVEY OF BOOKS, SCHOLARLY ARTICLES, AND REFERENCES.

    LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2

    THE LAST — YEARS IS THE MEASURE OF ACCEPTABILITY OF A LITERATURE TO BE INCLUDED IN RESEARCH

    TEN (10)

  • 3

    CARS Model

    Creating A Research Space Move 1 establish a research territory Move 2 Establish a niche Move 3 Occupy the niche

  • 4

    Ways to Organize a Review of Related Literature

    Chronological Arrangement Thematic Arrangement Methodological Arrangement

  • 5

    This arrangement presents the literature in time order, from the earliest to the most recent studies.

    1. Chronological Arrangement

  • 6

    It is helpful when you want to show how a particular research area has evolved over time.

    1. Chronological Arrangement

  • 7

    In this structure, the literature is grouped by themes, concepts, or topics, rather than by date.

    2. Thematic Arrangement

  • 8

    Each theme discusses a different aspect of the research question.

    2. Thematic Arrangement

  • 9

    This method organizes the literature based on the research methods used in the studies, such as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods.

    3. Methodological Arrangement

  • 10

    This approach is particularly useful if you want to compare the results of studies that have used different research methods.

    3. Methodological Arrangement

  • 11

    is utilized to identify themes and patterns in the data that are important or interesting and afterwards use these themes to address the research or state something about the phenomenon.

    Thematic analysis

  • 12

    Moreover, this chapter will be written with themes and subthemes that is based on the —

    Statement of the Problem.

  • 13

    Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis in Literature

    FG SS RW 1. Familiarization with Data 2. Generating Initial Codes 3. Searching for Themes 4. Search for Themes 5. Review Themes 6. Writing the Report

  • 14

    – Reading and re-reading the data to gain a deep understanding.

    1. Familiarization with Data

  • 15

    – Identifying key words, phrases, or patterns in the data.

    2. Generating Initial Codes

  • 16

    – Grouping related codes into broader themes.

    3. Searching for Themes

  • 17

    – Look for themes that group similar codes together.

    4. Search for Themes

  • 18

    – Clearly explaining each theme and its significance.

    5. Review Themes

  • 19

    – Presenting the themes with supporting evidence from the data.

    6. Writing the Report

  • 20

    THERE ARE THREE COMMON CITATION STYLES:

    1. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) 2. MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA) 3. CHICAGO STYLE

  • 21

    – used in Education, Psychology, and the Sciences.

    1. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)

  • 22

    – used in Humanities

    2. MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA)

  • 23

    – Business, History and Fine Arts

    3. CHICAGO STYLE

  • 24

    It's important to cite sources you used in your research for several reasons: • To show your reader you've — by listing sources you used to get your information • To be a responsible scholar by — to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas • To — by quoting words and ideas used by other authors • To allow your reader to — you used by citing them accurately in your paper by way of footnotes, a bibliography or reference list

    done proper research giving credit avoid plagiarism track down the sources

  • 25

    Give the author's name and the year of publication. If the author's name is stated in the sentence, always place the year in — immediately after the name.

    One Author parentheses

  • 26

    : Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "—" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses.

    A Work by Two Authors and

  • 27

    : List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses.

    Work by Three to Five Authors

  • 28

    : Use the first author's name followed by — in the signal phrase or in parentheses.

    Six or More Authors et al.

  • 29

    If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its — in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. — are italicized or underlined; titles of — are in quotation marks.

    title Titles of books and reports articles, chapters, and web pages

  • 30

    : If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the — in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source

    Organization as an Author organization

  • 31

    Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the — (viz., alphabetically), separated by a —

    reference list, semi-colon.

  • 32

    Authors With the Same Last Name: To prevent confusion, use

    first initials with the last names.

  • 33

    Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use — with the — to order the entries in the reference list.

    lower-case letters (a, b, c), year

  • 34

    Personal Communication: For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator's —, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. — personal communication in the reference list.

    name, Do not include

  • 35

    refer to books, articles, or other written sources that provide background information or context for a research topic.

    Related readings

  • 36

    refers to the body of research and writing in a particular field that is relevant to a particular research project.

    Related literature

  • 37

    It includes both primary sources, such as research articles and books, as well as secondary sources, such as review articles and meta-analyses, that summarize and synthesize the findings of primary research.

    Related literature

  • 38

    refer to previous research projects or investigations that are similar in methodology, scope, or focus to the current research project.

    Related studies

  • 39

    These — provide a basis for comparison, validation, and generalization of the results of the current research.

    Related studies

  • 40

    — provide a broad overview of the topic, while — provides a comprehensive picture of the existing research, and — provide a focused examination of previous research that is most relevant to the current research project.

    Related readings related literature related studies

  • ALERTNESS

    ALERTNESS

    Trix Soriano · 24問 · 2年前

    ALERTNESS

    ALERTNESS

    24問 • 2年前
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    ENTREPRENEUR

    ENTREPRENEUR

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    ENTREPRENEUR

    ENTREPRENEUR

    24問 • 2年前
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    ATTENTIVENESS

    ATTENTIVENESS

    Trix Soriano · 29問 · 2年前

    ATTENTIVENESS

    ATTENTIVENESS

    29問 • 2年前
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    ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

    ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

    Trix Soriano · 6問 · 2年前

    ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

    ATTENTIVENESS - QUOTES

    6問 • 2年前
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    INTRODUCTION TO GREEK LITERATURE

    INTRODUCTION TO GREEK LITERATURE

    Trix Soriano · 29問 · 2年前

    INTRODUCTION TO GREEK LITERATURE

    INTRODUCTION TO GREEK LITERATURE

    29問 • 2年前
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    GREEK LITERATURE

    GREEK LITERATURE

    Trix Soriano · 23問 · 2年前

    GREEK LITERATURE

    GREEK LITERATURE

    23問 • 2年前
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    1.2 Common Logical Fallacies

    1.2 Common Logical Fallacies

    Trix Soriano · 20問 · 2年前

    1.2 Common Logical Fallacies

    1.2 Common Logical Fallacies

    20問 • 2年前
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    AVAILABILITY

    AVAILABILITY

    Trix Soriano · 11問 · 2年前

    AVAILABILITY

    AVAILABILITY

    11問 • 2年前
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    AVAILABLITIY - Quotes

    AVAILABLITIY - Quotes

    Trix Soriano · 21問 · 2年前

    AVAILABLITIY - Quotes

    AVAILABLITIY - Quotes

    21問 • 2年前
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    AVL. - Noah's Ark

    AVL. - Noah's Ark

    Trix Soriano · 9問 · 2年前

    AVL. - Noah's Ark

    AVL. - Noah's Ark

    9問 • 2年前
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    AVL. - George Washington

    AVL. - George Washington

    Trix Soriano · 7問 · 2年前

    AVL. - George Washington

    AVL. - George Washington

    7問 • 2年前
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    PP1 - Lifestyle

    PP1 - Lifestyle

    Trix Soriano · 34問 · 2年前

    PP1 - Lifestyle

    PP1 - Lifestyle

    34問 • 2年前
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    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    Trix Soriano · 19問 · 2年前

    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    19問 • 2年前
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    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    Trix Soriano · 18問 · 2年前

    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    PP1 - MODERATE TO VIGOROUS

    18問 • 2年前
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    HP1– Consumer Health Information

    HP1– Consumer Health Information

    Trix Soriano · 17問 · 2年前

    HP1– Consumer Health Information

    HP1– Consumer Health Information

    17問 • 2年前
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    HP1 - Alternative Medicine

    HP1 - Alternative Medicine

    Trix Soriano · 27問 · 2年前

    HP1 - Alternative Medicine

    HP1 - Alternative Medicine

    27問 • 2年前
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    AD1 - Works

    AD1 - Works

    Trix Soriano · 6問 · 2年前

    AD1 - Works

    AD1 - Works

    6問 • 2年前
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    PD1

    PD1

    Trix Soriano · 28問 · 2年前

    PD1

    PD1

    28問 • 2年前
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    SKILL RELATED

    SKILL RELATED

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    SKILL RELATED

    SKILL RELATED

    18問 • 2年前
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    HEALTH RELATED

    HEALTH RELATED

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    HEALTH RELATED

    HEALTH RELATED

    14問 • 2年前
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    HD1

    HD1

    Trix Soriano · 18問 · 2年前

    HD1

    HD1

    18問 • 2年前
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    1.3 Kalamidad

    1.3 Kalamidad

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    1.3 Kalamidad

    1.3 Kalamidad

    6問 • 2年前
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    QUIZ

    QUIZ

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    QUIZ

    QUIZ

    52問 • 2年前
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    STEPS

    STEPS

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    STEPS

    STEPS

    10問 • 2年前
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    A3

    A3

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    A3

    A3

    16問 • 2年前
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    CATEGORY

    CATEGORY

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    CATEGORY

    CATEGORY

    11問 • 2年前
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    CRITERIA

    CRITERIA

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    CRITERIA

    CRITERIA

    11問 • 2年前
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    Landforms

    Landforms

    Trix Soriano · 40問 · 2年前

    Landforms

    Landforms

    40問 • 2年前
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    MOUNTAIN RANGES

    MOUNTAIN RANGES

    Trix Soriano · 43問 · 2年前

    MOUNTAIN RANGES

    MOUNTAIN RANGES

    43問 • 2年前
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    Volcano

    Volcano

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    Volcano

    Volcano

    40問 • 2年前
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    Faults

    Faults

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    Faults

    Faults

    22問 • 2年前
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    Earthquake

    Earthquake

    Trix Soriano · 22問 · 2年前

    Earthquake

    Earthquake

    22問 • 2年前
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    HD1 - Med Pro

    HD1 - Med Pro

    Trix Soriano · 26問 · 2年前

    HD1 - Med Pro

    HD1 - Med Pro

    26問 • 2年前
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    GRAPHICS ORGANIZER

    GRAPHICS ORGANIZER

    Trix Soriano · 38問 · 2年前

    GRAPHICS ORGANIZER

    GRAPHICS ORGANIZER

    38問 • 2年前
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    GRAPHIC OG PICS

    GRAPHIC OG PICS

    Trix Soriano · 28問 · 2年前

    GRAPHIC OG PICS

    GRAPHIC OG PICS

    28問 • 2年前
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    CASH FLOW

    CASH FLOW

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    CASH FLOW

    CASH FLOW

    25問 • 2年前
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    LESSON 9

    LESSON 9

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    LESSON 9

    LESSON 9

    34問 • 2年前
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    MP

    MP

    Trix Soriano · 36問 · 2年前

    MP

    MP

    36問 • 2年前
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    Paglutas ng Climate changr

    Paglutas ng Climate changr

    Trix Soriano · 10問 · 2年前

    Paglutas ng Climate changr

    Paglutas ng Climate changr

    10問 • 2年前
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    Kawalan ng Trabaho

    Kawalan ng Trabaho

    Trix Soriano · 25問 · 2年前

    Kawalan ng Trabaho

    Kawalan ng Trabaho

    25問 • 2年前
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    Tyoes of Pronouns

    Tyoes of Pronouns

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    Tyoes of Pronouns

    Tyoes of Pronouns

    25問 • 2年前
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    Frictional, Structural, Cyclical

    Frictional, Structural, Cyclical

    Trix Soriano · 10問 · 2年前

    Frictional, Structural, Cyclical

    Frictional, Structural, Cyclical

    10問 • 2年前
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    EGGS

    EGGS

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    EGGS

    EGGS

    30問 • 2年前
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    QUALITY

    QUALITY

    Trix Soriano · 15問 · 2年前

    QUALITY

    QUALITY

    15問 • 2年前
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    MARKET

    MARKET

    Trix Soriano · 24問 · 2年前

    MARKET

    MARKET

    24問 • 2年前
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    Wave Formation

    Wave Formation

    Trix Soriano · 32問 · 2年前

    Wave Formation

    Wave Formation

    32問 • 2年前
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    Proponents of EM Wave Theory

    Proponents of EM Wave Theory

    Trix Soriano · 15問 · 2年前

    Proponents of EM Wave Theory

    Proponents of EM Wave Theory

    15問 • 2年前
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    ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

    ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

    Trix Soriano · 30問 · 2年前

    ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

    ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

    30問 • 2年前
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    RISKS and HAZARDs

    RISKS and HAZARDs

    Trix Soriano · 35問 · 2年前

    RISKS and HAZARDs

    RISKS and HAZARDs

    35問 • 2年前
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    BENEVOLANCE

    BENEVOLANCE

    Trix Soriano · 26問 · 2年前

    BENEVOLANCE

    BENEVOLANCE

    26問 • 2年前
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    Quotes

    Quotes

    Trix Soriano · 5問 · 2年前

    Quotes

    Quotes

    5問 • 2年前
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    ZACCHEUS

    ZACCHEUS

    Trix Soriano · 13問 · 2年前

    ZACCHEUS

    ZACCHEUS

    13問 • 2年前
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    THE GOOD SAMARITAN

    THE GOOD SAMARITAN

    Trix Soriano · 11問 · 2年前

    THE GOOD SAMARITAN

    THE GOOD SAMARITAN

    11問 • 2年前
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    Joseph the Dreamer

    Joseph the Dreamer

    Trix Soriano · 18問 · 2年前

    Joseph the Dreamer

    Joseph the Dreamer

    18問 • 2年前
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    RUTH

    RUTH

    Trix Soriano · 22問 · 2年前

    RUTH

    RUTH

    22問 • 2年前
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    METHODD

    METHODD

    Trix Soriano · 13問 · 2年前

    METHODD

    METHODD

    13問 • 2年前
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    A simple act of kindness

    A simple act of kindness

    Trix Soriano · 16問 · 2年前

    A simple act of kindness

    A simple act of kindness

    16問 • 2年前
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    E - Definition

    E - Definition

    Trix Soriano · 100問 · 2年前

    E - Definition

    E - Definition

    100問 • 2年前
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    A DEFINITION PT 2

    A DEFINITION PT 2

    Trix Soriano · 68問 · 2年前

    A DEFINITION PT 2

    A DEFINITION PT 2

    68問 • 2年前
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    D - Definition

    D - Definition

    Trix Soriano · 50問 · 2年前

    D - Definition

    D - Definition

    50問 • 2年前
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    d definition 2

    d definition 2

    Trix Soriano · 45問 · 2年前

    d definition 2

    d definition 2

    45問 • 2年前
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    Facts of Light

    Facts of Light

    Trix Soriano · 48問 · 2年前

    Facts of Light

    Facts of Light

    48問 • 2年前
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    E - Examples

    E - Examples

    Trix Soriano · 100問 · 2年前

    E - Examples

    E - Examples

    100問 • 2年前
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    E - Mixed

    E - Mixed

    Trix Soriano · 50問 · 2年前

    E - Mixed

    E - Mixed

    50問 • 2年前
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    Properties of Light

    Properties of Light

    Trix Soriano · 66問 · 2年前

    Properties of Light

    Properties of Light

    66問 • 2年前
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    MM

    MM

    Trix Soriano · 22問 · 2年前

    MM

    MM

    22問 • 2年前
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    AM

    AM

    Trix Soriano · 12問 · 2年前

    AM

    AM

    12問 • 2年前
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    PM

    PM

    Trix Soriano · 11問 · 2年前

    PM

    PM

    11問 • 2年前
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    HM

    HM

    Trix Soriano · 22問 · 2年前

    HM

    HM

    22問 • 2年前
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    PARTS

    PARTS

    Trix Soriano · 30問 · 2年前

    PARTS

    PARTS

    30問 • 2年前
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    VEGETABLES

    VEGETABLES

    Trix Soriano · 43問 · 2年前

    VEGETABLES

    VEGETABLES

    43問 • 2年前
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    PREPARING

    PREPARING

    Trix Soriano · 9問 · 2年前

    PREPARING

    PREPARING

    9問 • 2年前
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    SIZES

    SIZES

    Trix Soriano · 13問 · 2年前

    SIZES

    SIZES

    13問 • 2年前
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    Image formation

    Image formation

    Trix Soriano · 38問 · 2年前

    Image formation

    Image formation

    38問 • 2年前
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    Ray Diagramming

    Ray Diagramming

    Trix Soriano · 16問 · 2年前

    Ray Diagramming

    Ray Diagramming

    16問 • 2年前
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    Mirror Equation

    Mirror Equation

    Trix Soriano · 9問 · 2年前

    Mirror Equation

    Mirror Equation

    9問 • 2年前
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    BOLDNESS

    BOLDNESS

    Trix Soriano · 27問 · 2年前

    BOLDNESS

    BOLDNESS

    27問 • 2年前
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    QUOTES

    QUOTES

    Trix Soriano · 6問 · 2年前

    QUOTES

    QUOTES

    6問 • 2年前
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    David and Goliath

    David and Goliath

    Trix Soriano · 23問 · 2年前

    David and Goliath

    David and Goliath

    23問 • 2年前
    Trix Soriano

    DANIEL FIERY FURNACE

    DANIEL FIERY FURNACE

    Trix Soriano · 9問 · 2年前

    DANIEL FIERY FURNACE

    DANIEL FIERY FURNACE

    9問 • 2年前
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    DANIEL LION'S DEN

    DANIEL LION'S DEN

    Trix Soriano · 21問 · 2年前

    DANIEL LION'S DEN

    DANIEL LION'S DEN

    21問 • 2年前
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    SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

    SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

    Trix Soriano · 20問 · 2年前

    SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

    SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

    20問 • 2年前
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    TROJAN WAR

    TROJAN WAR

    Trix Soriano · 59問 · 2年前

    TROJAN WAR

    TROJAN WAR

    59問 • 2年前
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    TROJANS

    TROJANS

    Trix Soriano · 24問 · 2年前

    TROJANS

    TROJANS

    24問 • 2年前
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    MD

    MD

    Trix Soriano · 35問 · 2年前

    MD

    MD

    35問 • 2年前
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    AD

    AD

    Trix Soriano · 31問 · 2年前

    AD

    AD

    31問 • 2年前
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    PD

    PD

    Trix Soriano · 19問 · 2年前

    PD

    PD

    19問 • 2年前
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    HD

    HD

    Trix Soriano · 12問 · 2年前

    HD

    HD

    12問 • 2年前
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    LESSON 12

    LESSON 12

    Trix Soriano · 52問 · 2年前

    LESSON 12

    LESSON 12

    52問 • 2年前
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    LESSON 13

    LESSON 13

    Trix Soriano · 26問 · 2年前

    LESSON 13

    LESSON 13

    26問 • 2年前
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    LENS

    LENS

    Trix Soriano · 15問 · 2年前

    LENS

    LENS

    15問 • 2年前
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    CAUTIOUSNESS

    CAUTIOUSNESS

    Trix Soriano · 26問 · 2年前

    CAUTIOUSNESS

    CAUTIOUSNESS

    26問 • 2年前
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    OPTICAL DEVICES

    OPTICAL DEVICES

    Trix Soriano · 38問 · 2年前

    OPTICAL DEVICES

    OPTICAL DEVICES

    38問 • 2年前
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    COMPASSION

    COMPASSION

    Trix Soriano · 24問 · 2年前

    COMPASSION

    COMPASSION

    24問 • 2年前
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    QUOTATIONS

    QUOTATIONS

    Trix Soriano · 5問 · 2年前

    QUOTATIONS

    QUOTATIONS

    5問 • 2年前
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    COMPUTER NETWORK

    COMPUTER NETWORK

    Trix Soriano · 42問 · 2年前

    COMPUTER NETWORK

    COMPUTER NETWORK

    42問 • 2年前
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    TOPOLOGY

    TOPOLOGY

    Trix Soriano · 30問 · 2年前

    TOPOLOGY

    TOPOLOGY

    30問 • 2年前
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    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    Trix Soriano · 23問 · 2年前

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    23問 • 2年前
    Trix Soriano

    問題一覧

  • 1

    A SURVEY OF BOOKS, SCHOLARLY ARTICLES, AND REFERENCES.

    LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2

    THE LAST — YEARS IS THE MEASURE OF ACCEPTABILITY OF A LITERATURE TO BE INCLUDED IN RESEARCH

    TEN (10)

  • 3

    CARS Model

    Creating A Research Space Move 1 establish a research territory Move 2 Establish a niche Move 3 Occupy the niche

  • 4

    Ways to Organize a Review of Related Literature

    Chronological Arrangement Thematic Arrangement Methodological Arrangement

  • 5

    This arrangement presents the literature in time order, from the earliest to the most recent studies.

    1. Chronological Arrangement

  • 6

    It is helpful when you want to show how a particular research area has evolved over time.

    1. Chronological Arrangement

  • 7

    In this structure, the literature is grouped by themes, concepts, or topics, rather than by date.

    2. Thematic Arrangement

  • 8

    Each theme discusses a different aspect of the research question.

    2. Thematic Arrangement

  • 9

    This method organizes the literature based on the research methods used in the studies, such as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods.

    3. Methodological Arrangement

  • 10

    This approach is particularly useful if you want to compare the results of studies that have used different research methods.

    3. Methodological Arrangement

  • 11

    is utilized to identify themes and patterns in the data that are important or interesting and afterwards use these themes to address the research or state something about the phenomenon.

    Thematic analysis

  • 12

    Moreover, this chapter will be written with themes and subthemes that is based on the —

    Statement of the Problem.

  • 13

    Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis in Literature

    FG SS RW 1. Familiarization with Data 2. Generating Initial Codes 3. Searching for Themes 4. Search for Themes 5. Review Themes 6. Writing the Report

  • 14

    – Reading and re-reading the data to gain a deep understanding.

    1. Familiarization with Data

  • 15

    – Identifying key words, phrases, or patterns in the data.

    2. Generating Initial Codes

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    – Grouping related codes into broader themes.

    3. Searching for Themes

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    – Look for themes that group similar codes together.

    4. Search for Themes

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    – Clearly explaining each theme and its significance.

    5. Review Themes

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    – Presenting the themes with supporting evidence from the data.

    6. Writing the Report

  • 20

    THERE ARE THREE COMMON CITATION STYLES:

    1. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) 2. MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA) 3. CHICAGO STYLE

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    – used in Education, Psychology, and the Sciences.

    1. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)

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    – used in Humanities

    2. MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA)

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    – Business, History and Fine Arts

    3. CHICAGO STYLE

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    It's important to cite sources you used in your research for several reasons: • To show your reader you've — by listing sources you used to get your information • To be a responsible scholar by — to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas • To — by quoting words and ideas used by other authors • To allow your reader to — you used by citing them accurately in your paper by way of footnotes, a bibliography or reference list

    done proper research giving credit avoid plagiarism track down the sources

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    Give the author's name and the year of publication. If the author's name is stated in the sentence, always place the year in — immediately after the name.

    One Author parentheses

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    : Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "—" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses.

    A Work by Two Authors and

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    : List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses.

    Work by Three to Five Authors

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    : Use the first author's name followed by — in the signal phrase or in parentheses.

    Six or More Authors et al.

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    If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its — in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. — are italicized or underlined; titles of — are in quotation marks.

    title Titles of books and reports articles, chapters, and web pages

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    : If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the — in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source

    Organization as an Author organization

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    Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the — (viz., alphabetically), separated by a —

    reference list, semi-colon.

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    Authors With the Same Last Name: To prevent confusion, use

    first initials with the last names.

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    Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use — with the — to order the entries in the reference list.

    lower-case letters (a, b, c), year

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    Personal Communication: For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator's —, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. — personal communication in the reference list.

    name, Do not include

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    refer to books, articles, or other written sources that provide background information or context for a research topic.

    Related readings

  • 36

    refers to the body of research and writing in a particular field that is relevant to a particular research project.

    Related literature

  • 37

    It includes both primary sources, such as research articles and books, as well as secondary sources, such as review articles and meta-analyses, that summarize and synthesize the findings of primary research.

    Related literature

  • 38

    refer to previous research projects or investigations that are similar in methodology, scope, or focus to the current research project.

    Related studies

  • 39

    These — provide a basis for comparison, validation, and generalization of the results of the current research.

    Related studies

  • 40

    — provide a broad overview of the topic, while — provides a comprehensive picture of the existing research, and — provide a focused examination of previous research that is most relevant to the current research project.

    Related readings related literature related studies