Structure and Function of Animal Tissues

通報

問題一覧

— serves as the covering or lining of organs or cavities.

1. **Epithelial Tissue**

— composed of neurons (connected in the heart) and glial cells that sense stimuli.

2. **Nervous Tissue**

— allows the body to move voluntarily or involuntarily.

3. **Muscle Tissue**

— transports substances within the body (blood).

4. **Connective Tissue**

- This type of tissue is commonly seen outside the body as coverings or as linings of organs and cavities.

1. Epithelial Tissue

- Protective layer of the heart.

1. Epithelial Tissue

- These tissues were the first to evolve during evolution and were first formed during embryonic development.

1. Epithelial Tissue

- They develop from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm of the embryo.

1. Epithelial Tissue

Classifications of Epithelium

SCC-SCE 1.1 Simple Squamous 1.2 Simple Cuboidal 1.3 Simple Columnar with Microvilli 1.4 Stratified Squamous 1.5 Pseudo Columnar with Cilia Microvilli 1.6 Transitional Epithelium

— single layer of cells.

- **Simple**

— more than one layer of cells.

- **Stratified**

— modification of simple epithelium.

- **Pseudostratified**

— modification of stratified epithelium.

- **Transitional**

- **Basis of categories:**

shape, layer, and modification.

- A single layer of thin, flattened cells.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

- This type of epithelium forms thin, delicate sheets of cells through which molecules can easily pass (diffusion, filtration).

Simple Squamous Epithelium

- It can be found lining capillaries, inside blood vessels (endothelium), alveoli (lungs), glomeruli (filter the blood), the heart (endocardium), and serous membranes (mesothelium).

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Squamous Epithelium - **Example**:

cheek cell.

- A single layer of cube-shaped cells.

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

- This type of epithelium offers greater protection than simple squamous due to its increased thickness.

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

- It has secretory (ovary secretes hormones), absorptive (intestine), and excretory functions (skin, stomach secretes gastric enzymes, pancreas, liver) because of its organelle-rich cytoplasm.

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

- It has no modification but has special functions.

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

- It is found in organs with these functions, such as the ducts of the salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and other exocrine glands.

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

- Forms thyroid follicles (endocrine system), kidney tubules (reabsorption), seminiferous tubules (testicles), and covers the surface of the ovaries.

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

#### 1.2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - **Example**:

Thyroid follicles, kidney tubules, seminiferous tubules, covering the surface of the ovaries.

- A single layer of column-shaped cells.

1.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium

- Similar to cuboidal, it can have protective, secretory, absorptive, and excretory functions owing to its thickness and organelle-rich cytoplasm.

1.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium

- Found in the walls of the stomach, bronchioles, bile duct, ventricles of the brain, intestines, and gallbladder.

1.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium

- Multiple layers of flat squamous epithelia provide protection against abrasion and water loss.

#### 1.4 Stratified Squamous Epithelium

- Further divided into keratinized and non-keratinized.

#### 1.4 Stratified Squamous Epithelium

: stratified squamous epithelium that does not desquamate; found in oral cavity, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal, and outer layer of the cornea.

- **Non-keratinized**

: found in areas like the palms. ####

- **Keratinized**

- A type of simple columnar epithelium.

1.5 Pseudostratified Epithelium

- Called "pseudo" because although single-layered, it appears to have multiple layers.

1.5 Pseudostratified Epithelium

1.5 Pseudostratified Epithelium - **Types**:

a. With cilia (upper respiratory pathways, uterine tubes) b. With stereocilia (epididymis) c. Without any apical specializations (ductus deferens).

- A type of stratified epithelium found in organs able to distend.

#### 1.6 Transitional Epithelium

- Called "transitional" as its superficial cells can change their shape when the organ stretches, e.g., cuboidal to squamous (urinary bladder).

#### 1.6 Transitional Epithelium

- Found only in some parts of the urinary tract: renal calyces, ureters, and urinary bladder (urothelium).

#### 1.6 Transitional Epithelium

- connects, separates, and supports all other types of tissues in the body.

2. Connective Tissue

- Cells are loosely packed within the extracellular matrix.

2. Connective Tissue

- store fat, help move nutrients, and repair damaged tissue.

2. Connective Tissue

- Made up of cells, fibers, and a gel-like substance.

2. Connective Tissue

2. Connective Tissue - **Types**:

bone, cartilage, fat, blood, and lymphatic tissue.

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