con chem

91問 • 1年前

問題一覧

a substance intended for placement or in contact with any external part of the human body, basically any products that we use on our skin.

cosmetics

what was the 1st user of makeup use to have flawless skin?

rosemary, thime, olive oil, coconut oil

what did queen elizabeth I use on her face to maintain a white color?

paint with lead contents

what countries did the 1st cosmetics come from?

france and italy

it refers to the resistance to flow

viscosity

viscosity importance (3)

1. makes product easy to apply, 2. to make the product easy to dispense and use the right amount, 3. to suit customer's perception

what is food and drug administration (FDA)?

it is an agency that ensures safety of foods. they are responsible for approving and disapproving foods that go into the market.

which agency approves of ingredients in cosmetic products

international nomenclature of cosmetic ingredients (INCI)

main ingredients chosen to perform the primary function of the cosmetic product

functional ingredients

provide the structure and form of the product. ex. is the product oil-based? water based?

structural ingredients

improve stability and shelf life of the product. Ex. hand moisturizer in dish washing liquid, preservatives in multiple products.

supportive ingredients

added in small amounts to add consumer acceptance and to make the product more marketable. ex. Adding fragrance, adding vibrant colors.

added extra

these are used to remove skin cells or plaque from teeth through friction. ex. body scrubs or exfoliants(salt, sugar) and toothpaste abrasives (silica)

abrasives

they reduce oxidation and rancidity from occuring over time. ex.Vitamins - tocopherol (Vitamin E) Plant extracts - green tea leaf extract, chamomile flower extract, rosemary leaf extract, and grape seed extract

antioxidants

they are also known as sequestrants.

chelating agents

they act as supportive ingredients to lengten the shelf life of the product

antioxidants

marketed as skin nurturers

antioxidants

help improve the product's stability by binding metal ions that may be present in raw materials. Examples: Citric acid, Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

chelating agents

they are essential in foaming products as they bind ions in hard water and prevent deterioration of the foam.

chelating agents

used to give color to the product or the skin. Examples: Acid Green, Basic Yellow, Iron oxide red, and Chromium oxide green

colorants

They induce a tightening and toning effect on the skin. Examples: Alcohols and Witch hazel extract

cosmetic astringents

It stabilizes the emulsion once formed and prevents the separation of oil and water in the emulsion and used as thickening agent. Xanthan gum, Cellulose gum, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Acrylates, alkyl acrylate cross polymer, and carbomer

Emulsion stabilizer

They remove dead skin cell layers by dissolving intracellular "cement" holding surface skin cells together.

exfoliants

They are usually found in skin whitening or skin peel products in the presence of low pH.

Exfoliants

This is used to enhance the products' smell or to mask undesirable odors/scents. Examples: Essential Guar hydroxypropyitrimonium chloride, Behentrimonium methosulfate, Amodimethicone, Cetrimonium chloride oils

fragrance

These are used to condition and improve the hair's appearance, gloss, and shine while facilitating styling and reducing the static of the hair.

Hair conditioning agents

They improve the texture of the hair that has been dried through styling, chemical exposure, or environmental drying.

Hair conditioning agent

They are used to hold the hair in styles in place.

Hair fixatives

They are added to shampoos and shower gels to make them appear pearlescent and they provide consumers with the impression that the product is rich and creamy.

Opacifying agents

They adjust the pH of the product at the desired range.They can be considered as Acids (lower the pH) and bases (raise the pH).

pH adjusters

They prevent or retard microbial growth in cosmetics.

preservatives

a type of skin conditioning agent that imparts softness to the skin by remaining on the upper layer of the skin and reducing flaking

Emollients

type of skin conditioning agents that retard moisture loss by holding water within the surface layers of the skin and drawing in moisture from the air

Humectants

a type of skin conditioning agent that blocks the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin, keeping it moist and increasing its water content

Occlusive

These are liquids that are used to dissolve constituents or act as carriers in cosmetic products.

Solvents

They are used to protect the skin from UV radiation.

Sunscreen agents

They are surface-active agents and have the ability to modify the surface of the substance.

surfactants

produce foam and clean the surface of the skin or hair.

cleansing agent

used to mix oils and water in an emulsion.

Emulsifying agents

used to dissolve substances that are usually insoluble in a continuous medium

Solubilizers

These thicken the water-soluble components of the product.

viscosity increasing agents (aqueous)

These thicken the oil-soluble components of the product.

viscosity increasing agents (non-aqueous)

can flow freely.

Liquid

thicker than liquid and have limited flow properties(high viscosity)

gel

has limited flow capacity and prevents the product from running out of the hand since it foams up.

Foaming gel

made up of smaller molecules that can penetrate deeply into the skin and deliver a high concentration of active ingredients

Serum

contains low viscosity emulsions

Lotion

A type of binder between oil and water

Emulsion

contains medium to high viscosity

Cream

No viscosity and in solid form.

Powder

Mostly oil-based with semi-solid consistency

Balm

contains various sized particles to exfoliate skin mechanically

Scrubs

found in facial masks and clay masks.

Mud

according to an ancient roman legend, soap got its name from..

mount sapo

They remove dead skin cell layers by dissolving intracellular "cement" holding surface skin cells together.

exfoliants

A Greek physician, _____, recommended soap for medicinal and cleansing purposes. Soap making was an established craft in Europe in the _____ century.

Galen, 7th

In 1791, _______ patented making soda ash or sodium carbonate from common salt.

Nicholas Leblanc

In 1916, ______ created the first synthetic detergent.

Germany

by _____, detergents had overtaken traditional soap products in homes across America

1950s

are organic compounds that are widely used for imparting color to textiles. They are produced either from natural or synthetic resources.

dyes

ingredients:

fatty acids from animal fats and vegetable oils, alkali

source of the hydrocarbon chain:

hydrophobic (water-hating₱

carboxylate end:

water-loving or hydrophilic

produces hard soap-like bath and bar soap

caustic sofa

produces soft soap like in liquid hand soap

caustic potash

involves heating plant oils and animal fats, reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap plus water plus glycerin.

saponification

the source of the hydrocarbon chain, the hydrophobic end of detergent but attracted to grease and oils

petrochemicals (petroleum) and oleo chemicals

sodium or potassium hydroxide

alkali

3 energy used for good result of cleaning

chemical, thermal, mechanical

property of water. it is created as the water molecules at the surface are pulled into the body of water.

surface tension

slows down the wetting of the surface and inhibits the cleaning process.

surface tension

Chemicals that change the properties of water by lowering the surface tension

surfactants

Also called surface-active agents and enable the cleaning solution to wet a surface more quickly so the soil can easily be loosened or removed

surfactants

Enhance the cleaning effectiveness of surfactants

builders

Reduce water hardness (possible formation of scum or film)

builders

supply and maintain alkalinity

builders

unique properties of dyes

1.they absorb light in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm) 2. they have atleast one chromophore (color-bearing group) 3.they have a conjugated system 4. exhibit resonance of electrons

Can shift the color of the dye and Attach the dyes to the fibers

auxochromes

The position shift of a peak or signal to a longer wavelength and Increases absorption and intensity of the color

bathochromic shift

The position shift of a peak or signal to a shorter wavelength and Decreases absorption and intensity of the color

hypsochromic shift

Are obtained from natural sources like vegetable matter, mineral, insects or are manufactured in the factory from petrochemical feedstock

natural dyes

first synthetic dye made from coal tar

mauveine

what can you add during direct dyeing to produce cool colors on fabric

sodium chloride

what type of dye carries a negative charge?

direct dye

perfect dye to use in denim fabric?

azoic dye

brilliant blue color made from fermented leaves of a plant

indigo

It is the chemical present in human sweat and breath and attracting biting insects like mosquitoes

1-OCTEN-OL

It is a natural plant oil from two species of pyrethrum daisy. • The insecticidal component - six esters (pyrethrins) - is found in tiny oilcontaining glands on the surface of the seed case in the flower head. • Incorporated to mosquito coils - derived from the incense used in religious activities of Hindus and Buddhist

pyrethum

Very low toxicity • Practically no dermal and eye irritation • Colorless, odorless, and has a pleasant feel on the skin

picaridin

toxicity, irritating to the eyes and sometimes on the skin • Classified as a biopesticide, as it is a substituted B-amino acid

IR-3535

Principal and most effective repellant use today • "Gold-standard" repellant

DEET

CONCHEM

vhivru · 15問 · 2年前

CONCHEM