Biochemistry

53問 • 4ヶ月前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

single sugar units (e.g., glucose, fructose)

Monosaccharides

two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose)

Disaccharides

3–10 monosaccharides (e.g., raffinose)

Oligosaccharides

long chains (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Polysaccharides

Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugars. General formula: CnH2nOn

Monosaccharides

Glyceraldehyde

Triose

Erythrose

Tetrose

Ribose, Xylose

Pentose

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Hexose

Sedoheptulose

Heptose

contains aldehyde group (CHO) Example: Glucose, Galactose

Aldose

contains ketone group (C=O) Example: Fructose

Ketose

Linear form. A two-dimensional representation showing the configuration of stereocenter

Fischer projection

Cyclic form a way to represent the cyclic structure of carbohydrates, specifically monosaccharides, in a two-dimensional form.

Haworth projection

chiral molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Enantiomers

When sugars are different from one another, only in configuration with regard to a single carbon atom (around one carbon atom) they are called _____of each other.

Epimers

Monosaccharides in which an –OH group is replaced by an –NH2 group. -Only three amino sugars are common in nature: D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, and D-galactosamine.

Amino Sugars

What are enzymes primarily composed of?

Proteins

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?

Lower activation energy of reactions

The non-protein part of an enzyme is called:

Cofactor

The protein part of an enzyme is called:

Apoenzyme

The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called:

Substrate

Which model explains enzyme-substrate interaction by exact fit?

Lock-and-key model

Which factor does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?

Light Exposure

The complete and active form of an enzyme is called:

Holoenzyme

Which of the following is an organic cofactor that binds loosely with enzymes?

Coenzyme

A prosthetic group is best described as:

A tightly bound organic molecule or metal ion

Which model suggests enzymes adjust their shape for substrate binding?

Induced-fit model

Which type of inhibition cannot be reversed?

Irreversible

Penicillin inhibits bacterial transpeptidase by which mechanism?

Irreversible inhibition

In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to:

Allosteric site

Which type of inhibitor binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex?

Uncompetitive

The first digit of the EC number of enzymes refers to:

Enzyme Classification

Enzyme regulation in which the product inhibits an earlier step is:

Feedback control

Zymogens (proenzymes) are activated by:

Chemical modification

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes are an example of:

Isoenzymes

Allosteric modulation refers to:

Regulation by binding of a molecule at a site other than the active site

is a chemical test used to differentiate between reducing and non-reducing sugars.

Fehling’s Test

To identify the carbohydrate from other macromolecules lipids and proteins. This test is specific for all carbohydrates. 1-The test reagent (H2SO4) dehydrates pentose to form furfural and dehydrates hexoses to form 5- hydroxymethyl furfural. •2-The furfural and 5- hydroxymethyl furfural further react with α-naphthol present in the test reagent to produce a purple product.

Molisch’s Test

This test is used to detect aldehyde and reducing sugars. Formation of red precipitate confirms the presence of reducing sugars. The copper ions present in fehling’s solution in +3 state is reduced to +2 oxidation state and in alkaline medium it is precipitated as red cuprous oxide.

Fehling’s Test

also known as silver-mirror test, is a qualitative laboratory test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone.

Tollen’s Test

This test is only given by starch. Starch reacts with iodine solution forms complex blue color solution. On heating the blue color disappears and on cooling the blue color reappears.

Iodine Test

This test is performed to distinguish between reducing monosaccharides, reducing disaccharides and non reducing disaccharides.

Barfoed’s Test

This test is utilized to distinguish ketoses from aldoses in carbohydrates. The cherry-red complex is formed in the reaction indicating the presence of the ketose sugar. Ketoses undergo dehydration in the presence of concentrated acid to yield 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. The dehydrated ketose reacts with two equivalents of resorcinol in a series of condensation reactions to produce a complex (not a precipitate), with deep cherry red color.

Seliwanoff’s Test

are building block of most lipids, made of long chain organic acids having one polar carboxyl group (head) and a non-polar hydrocarbon chain (tail)

Fatty Acids

fats from animals (solids at room temp.) (SFA) -fats from plants or fish (liquid at room temp.) (USFA)

PHYSICAL STATE

reducing carbon-carbon double bonds to single bonds by treating them with hydrogen and a catalyst.

HYDROGENATION

process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called "soap." When sodium hydroxide is used, a hard soap is produced.

SAPONIFICATION

contain alcohol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Phospholipids

complex lipids that contain carbohydrates and ceramides.

Glycolipids

glycerophospholipids with choline as alcohol -major component of egg yolk -excellent emulsifier and is used in mayonnaise

Phosphatidylcholines/lecithin

the alcohol inositol is bonded to the rest of the molecule by a phosphate ester bond. -integral structural parts of biological membranes

Phosphatidylinositols (PI)

lipid component of myelin, the coating of nerve axons. -alcohol portion is sphingosine

Sphingolipids

MPLE

MPLE

Weekly Test 2

Weekly Test 2

Definition of Terms 1

ユーザ名非公開 · 90問 · 13日前

Definition of Terms 1

90問 • 13日前

ユーザ名非公開

RNPCP Chapter 10 to 13

ユーザ名非公開 · 93問 · 13日前

RNPCP Chapter 10 to 13

RNPCP Chapter 6 to 9

RNPCP Chapter 6 to 9

Practical Problems and Experiences REFRESHER 2

ユーザ名非公開 · 70問 · 13日前

Practical Problems and Experiences REFRESHER 2

70問 • 13日前

ユーザ名非公開

August 2019 Special PE Exam

ユーザ名非公開 · 93問 · 13日前

August 2019 Special PE Exam

93問 • 13日前

ユーザ名非公開

July 2023 PE Refresher

ユーザ名非公開 · 70問 · 13日前

July 2023 PE Refresher

単位認定試験　生物基礎

単位認定試験　生物基礎

Texas State Board

Texas State Board

CRM Y FISIOLOGÍA DE VUELO SKYVIP

ユーザ名非公開 · 50問 · 2ヶ月前

CRM Y FISIOLOGÍA DE VUELO SKYVIP

TOXINS

TOXINS

TOXINS

TOXINS

DRUG OF ABUSE

DRUG OF ABUSE

TOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGY

M11c17

مقطع من الاغاني عراقيه قصيره · 9問 · 2ヶ月前

M11c17

9問 • 2ヶ月前

مقطع من الاغاني عراقيه قصيره

M11c15

مقطع من الاغاني عراقيه قصيره · 13問 · 2ヶ月前

M11c15

13問 • 2ヶ月前

مقطع من الاغاني عراقيه قصيره

COMPETENCE 15

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 3ヶ月前

COMPETENCE 15

100問 • 3ヶ月前

ユーザ名非公開

LABORATORY 3

Jef Marc Valencia · 47問 · 4ヶ月前

LABORATORY 3

M11c17

M11c17

問題一覧

single sugar units (e.g., glucose, fructose)

Monosaccharides

two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose)

Disaccharides

3–10 monosaccharides (e.g., raffinose)

Oligosaccharides

long chains (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Polysaccharides

Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugars. General formula: CnH2nOn

Monosaccharides

Glyceraldehyde

Triose

Erythrose

Tetrose

Ribose, Xylose

Pentose

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Hexose

Sedoheptulose

Heptose

contains aldehyde group (CHO) Example: Glucose, Galactose

Aldose

contains ketone group (C=O) Example: Fructose

Ketose

Linear form. A two-dimensional representation showing the configuration of stereocenter

Fischer projection

Cyclic form a way to represent the cyclic structure of carbohydrates, specifically monosaccharides, in a two-dimensional form.

Haworth projection

chiral molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Enantiomers

When sugars are different from one another, only in configuration with regard to a single carbon atom (around one carbon atom) they are called _____of each other.

Epimers

Monosaccharides in which an –OH group is replaced by an –NH2 group. -Only three amino sugars are common in nature: D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, and D-galactosamine.

Amino Sugars

What are enzymes primarily composed of?

Proteins

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes?

Lower activation energy of reactions

The non-protein part of an enzyme is called:

Cofactor

The protein part of an enzyme is called:

Apoenzyme

The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called:

Substrate

Which model explains enzyme-substrate interaction by exact fit?

Lock-and-key model

Which factor does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?

Light Exposure

The complete and active form of an enzyme is called:

Holoenzyme

Which of the following is an organic cofactor that binds loosely with enzymes?

Coenzyme

A prosthetic group is best described as:

A tightly bound organic molecule or metal ion

Which model suggests enzymes adjust their shape for substrate binding?

Induced-fit model

Which type of inhibition cannot be reversed?

Irreversible

Penicillin inhibits bacterial transpeptidase by which mechanism?

Irreversible inhibition

In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to:

Allosteric site

Which type of inhibitor binds only to the enzyme-substrate complex?

Uncompetitive

The first digit of the EC number of enzymes refers to:

Enzyme Classification

Enzyme regulation in which the product inhibits an earlier step is:

Feedback control

Zymogens (proenzymes) are activated by:

Chemical modification

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes are an example of:

Isoenzymes

Allosteric modulation refers to:

Regulation by binding of a molecule at a site other than the active site

is a chemical test used to differentiate between reducing and non-reducing sugars.

Fehling’s Test

Molisch’s Test

Fehling’s Test

also known as silver-mirror test, is a qualitative laboratory test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone.

Tollen’s Test

This test is only given by starch. Starch reacts with iodine solution forms complex blue color solution. On heating the blue color disappears and on cooling the blue color reappears.

Iodine Test

This test is performed to distinguish between reducing monosaccharides, reducing disaccharides and non reducing disaccharides.

Barfoed’s Test

Seliwanoff’s Test

are building block of most lipids, made of long chain organic acids having one polar carboxyl group (head) and a non-polar hydrocarbon chain (tail)

Fatty Acids

fats from animals (solids at room temp.) (SFA) -fats from plants or fish (liquid at room temp.) (USFA)

PHYSICAL STATE

reducing carbon-carbon double bonds to single bonds by treating them with hydrogen and a catalyst.

HYDROGENATION

process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called "soap." When sodium hydroxide is used, a hard soap is produced.

SAPONIFICATION

contain alcohol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Phospholipids

complex lipids that contain carbohydrates and ceramides.

Glycolipids

glycerophospholipids with choline as alcohol -major component of egg yolk -excellent emulsifier and is used in mayonnaise

Phosphatidylcholines/lecithin

the alcohol inositol is bonded to the rest of the molecule by a phosphate ester bond. -integral structural parts of biological membranes

Phosphatidylinositols (PI)

lipid component of myelin, the coating of nerve axons. -alcohol portion is sphingosine

Sphingolipids