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TOXICOLOGY
77問 • 2ヶ月前
  • ユーザ名非公開
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Study of drug effects on biological systems

    PHARMACOLOGY

  • 2

    Route of Drug Administration Most C'mon convenient route easily and safe but has slowest onset and risk of intoxication

    ORAL

  • 3

    Route of Drug Administration Drug administration under tongue via oral mucosa Example

    SUBLINGUAL

  • 4

    Route of Drug Administration Insertion through rectum via rectal mucosa Example

    RECTAL

  • 5

    Route of Drug Administration Fastest but invasive procedure Example

    INTRAVENOUS

  • 6

    Route of Drug Administration Injected through muscles

    INTRAMUSCULAR

  • 7

    Route of Drug Administration Injected via skin Example

    SUBCUTANEOUS

  • 8

    Route of Drug Administration Via lungs Example

    INHALATION

  • 9

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin for localized treatment w/ minimal side effects

    TOPICAL

  • 10

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin like patches

    TRANSDERMAL

  • 11

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream after administration

    ABSORPTION

  • 12

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream to different tissues of the body

    DISTRIBUTION

  • 13

    Refers to the biotransformation conversion of drug into substances to be easily excrete by the body

    METABOLISM

  • 14

    Refers to the elimination of water soluble drug and its metabolites

    EXCRETION

  • 15

    Refers to the steady state removal of drug via urine

    CLEARANCE

  • 16

    Organ responsible for metabolism of drug

    LIVER

  • 17

    Organ responsible for the excretion of drug

    KIDNEY

  • 18

    Drug fate is also known as

    PHARMACOKINETICS

  • 19

    Drug Interactions

    ADDITION, SYNERGISM, POTENTIATION, ANTAGONISM

  • 20

    Drugs w/ high affinity binds at ____concentration

    LOW

  • 21

    Strength of drug binding to its receptor or interaction

    AFFINITY

  • 22

    Ability of drug to produce maximal effect activating the receptor to produce physiological response

    EFFICACY

  • 23

    Drug interaction which combined effects is greater than sum like Antibiotics

    SYNERGISM

  • 24

    Drug interaction which combined effects equals the sum of individual effects like Acetaminophen+aspirin

    ADDITION

  • 25

    Drug interaction which one drug enhances the effect of another Clavonalic acid+amoxicillin

    POTENTIATION

  • 26

    Drug interaction which one drug reduces the effect of another Nalaxone antidote to morphine

    ANTAGONISM

  • 27

    Quantitative measurement used by the doctors causing effect to 50% of subjects

    EFFECTIVE DOSE 50

  • 28

    Quantitative measurement causing max affect of 50% to plasma and tissues

    EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION

  • 29

    Used as safety measure to drug safety

    THERAPEUTIC INDEX

  • 30

    Safety measures used by the Therapeutic Index

    LD50, ED50

  • 31

    Range between therapeutic and lethal doses

    MARGIN OF SAFETY

  • 32

    Study of exogenous chemicals that effect bodily functions harmfully or therapeutically

    TOXICOLOGY

  • 33

    Clinical laboratory function which used by physicians to adjust drug dosages individually

    THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

  • 34

    Clinical laboratory function determines offending drug, intoxication level, and suggest treatment

    IDENTIFICATION OF DRUGS IN ACUTE INTOXICATION

  • 35

    Clinical laboratory function used in pre employment and medico legal cases

    URINE DRUG TESTING

  • 36

    C'monly used unit to measuring toxins for contaminated water

    PPM

  • 37

    C'monly used unit to measuring metals in food or water

    PPB

  • 38

    C'monly used unit to measuring ultra trace toxins

    PPT

  • 39

    Pharmacokinetics Involves:

    ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, EXCRETION, DRUG CLEARANCE

  • 40

    1 LITER WATER=

    1 KG

  • 41

    1 MG/KG=

    PPM

  • 42

    Toxicity endpoint causing death

    MORTALITY

  • 43

    Toxicity endpoint causing birth defect or fetal malformation

    TERATOGENICITY

  • 44

    Toxicity endpoint causing cancer or uncontrolled growth of cell

    CARCINOGENICITY

  • 45

    Toxicity endpoint causing DNA mutations or permanent changes

    MUTAGENICITY

  • 46

    Key measurement dose causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL DOSE 50

  • 47

    Key measurement used as median lethal concentration in air/water causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50

  • 48

    Unit of measurement used by LD50

    MG/KG

  • 49

    Routes of Drug Administration

    ORAL, INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBLINGUAL, INTRAVENOUS, TRANSDERMAL, TOPICAL, RECTAL, INHALATION, SUBCUTANEOUS

  • 50

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures rate of blood administration=rate of elimination

    STEADY-STATE LEVEL

  • 51

    Steady state Optimal blood sampling time is collected ____half lives of regular dosing

    5

  • 52

    Optimal blood sampling time which concentration of drug in bloodstream is measured before the next dose

    TROUGH, PRE-DOSE

  • 53

    Optimal blood sampling time used for rate of toxicity

    TROUGH, PRE-DOSE

  • 54

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures highest concentration of drug following administration measured after drug is given

    PEAK, POST-DOSE

  • 55

    Optimal blood sampling time c'monly used by IV

    PEAK, POST-DOSE

  • 56

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post infusion

    30

  • 57

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post injection

    60

  • 58

    Immunologic method measures enzyme activity drug concentration Detects drugs like cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, barbiturates

    ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE

  • 59

    Immunologic method Solid-phase assay for drugs like digoxin and digitoxin

    ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

  • 60

    Immunologic method Measures fluorescent products like umbelliferone -

    FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY

  • 61

    Immunologic method Measures drug concentration via radiolabeled drug competition

    RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

  • 62

    Best method for ELISA

    SANDWICH IMMUNOASSAY

  • 63

    Product of reaction of Fluorescence Immunoassay

    UMBLIFERONE

  • 64

    Most useful enzymes for EMIT

    MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

  • 65

    Chromatographic Methods for drug screening

    THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 66

    Chromatographic Methods Quantify serum drug levels, confirm drug identity

    HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 67

    Visible spectrum substance seen in Spectrophotometry

    SALICYLATE

  • 68

    Ultraviolet spectrum Spectrophotometry

    BARBITURATE

  • 69

    Fluorescence substance detected in Spectrophotometry

    QUINIDINE

  • 70

    Uses light absorption for identification and quantification

    SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

  • 71

    Drug is relatively safe

    HIGH TI

  • 72

    Great risk of toxicity

    LOW TI

  • 73

    Therapeutic Index formula

    LD50/ED50

  • 74

    Margin of Safety Formula

    LD1/ED99

  • 75

    Median Lethal Dose

    LD50

  • 76

    Median Lethal Conc'n Conc'n in air/ water that kills 50% of exposed population (mg/L)

    LC50

  • 77

    Gold standard for drugs

    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY

    • PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    ユーザ名非公開 · 5問 · 2ヶ月前

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    PITUITARY GLAND PART 2

    5問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    THYROID GLAND

    THYROID GLAND

    ユーザ名非公開 · 71問 · 2ヶ月前

    THYROID GLAND

    THYROID GLAND

    71問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    PARATHYROID GLAND

    PARATHYROID GLAND

    ユーザ名非公開 · 12問 · 2ヶ月前

    PARATHYROID GLAND

    PARATHYROID GLAND

    12問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    ADRENAL GLAND

    ADRENAL GLAND

    ユーザ名非公開 · 77問 · 2ヶ月前

    ADRENAL GLAND

    ADRENAL GLAND

    77問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    SEX GLANDS

    SEX GLANDS

    ユーザ名非公開 · 35問 · 2ヶ月前

    SEX GLANDS

    SEX GLANDS

    35問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    OTHER GLANDS

    OTHER GLANDS

    ユーザ名非公開 · 8問 · 2ヶ月前

    OTHER GLANDS

    OTHER GLANDS

    8問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    ユーザ名非公開 · 95問 · 2ヶ月前

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    DRUG OF ABUSE

    95問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    ユーザ名非公開 · 57問 · 2ヶ月前

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    57問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    ユーザ名非公開 · 57問 · 2ヶ月前

    TOXINS

    TOXINS

    57問 • 2ヶ月前
    ユーザ名非公開

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Study of drug effects on biological systems

    PHARMACOLOGY

  • 2

    Route of Drug Administration Most C'mon convenient route easily and safe but has slowest onset and risk of intoxication

    ORAL

  • 3

    Route of Drug Administration Drug administration under tongue via oral mucosa Example

    SUBLINGUAL

  • 4

    Route of Drug Administration Insertion through rectum via rectal mucosa Example

    RECTAL

  • 5

    Route of Drug Administration Fastest but invasive procedure Example

    INTRAVENOUS

  • 6

    Route of Drug Administration Injected through muscles

    INTRAMUSCULAR

  • 7

    Route of Drug Administration Injected via skin Example

    SUBCUTANEOUS

  • 8

    Route of Drug Administration Via lungs Example

    INHALATION

  • 9

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin for localized treatment w/ minimal side effects

    TOPICAL

  • 10

    Route of Drug Administration Via skin like patches

    TRANSDERMAL

  • 11

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream after administration

    ABSORPTION

  • 12

    Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream to different tissues of the body

    DISTRIBUTION

  • 13

    Refers to the biotransformation conversion of drug into substances to be easily excrete by the body

    METABOLISM

  • 14

    Refers to the elimination of water soluble drug and its metabolites

    EXCRETION

  • 15

    Refers to the steady state removal of drug via urine

    CLEARANCE

  • 16

    Organ responsible for metabolism of drug

    LIVER

  • 17

    Organ responsible for the excretion of drug

    KIDNEY

  • 18

    Drug fate is also known as

    PHARMACOKINETICS

  • 19

    Drug Interactions

    ADDITION, SYNERGISM, POTENTIATION, ANTAGONISM

  • 20

    Drugs w/ high affinity binds at ____concentration

    LOW

  • 21

    Strength of drug binding to its receptor or interaction

    AFFINITY

  • 22

    Ability of drug to produce maximal effect activating the receptor to produce physiological response

    EFFICACY

  • 23

    Drug interaction which combined effects is greater than sum like Antibiotics

    SYNERGISM

  • 24

    Drug interaction which combined effects equals the sum of individual effects like Acetaminophen+aspirin

    ADDITION

  • 25

    Drug interaction which one drug enhances the effect of another Clavonalic acid+amoxicillin

    POTENTIATION

  • 26

    Drug interaction which one drug reduces the effect of another Nalaxone antidote to morphine

    ANTAGONISM

  • 27

    Quantitative measurement used by the doctors causing effect to 50% of subjects

    EFFECTIVE DOSE 50

  • 28

    Quantitative measurement causing max affect of 50% to plasma and tissues

    EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION

  • 29

    Used as safety measure to drug safety

    THERAPEUTIC INDEX

  • 30

    Safety measures used by the Therapeutic Index

    LD50, ED50

  • 31

    Range between therapeutic and lethal doses

    MARGIN OF SAFETY

  • 32

    Study of exogenous chemicals that effect bodily functions harmfully or therapeutically

    TOXICOLOGY

  • 33

    Clinical laboratory function which used by physicians to adjust drug dosages individually

    THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

  • 34

    Clinical laboratory function determines offending drug, intoxication level, and suggest treatment

    IDENTIFICATION OF DRUGS IN ACUTE INTOXICATION

  • 35

    Clinical laboratory function used in pre employment and medico legal cases

    URINE DRUG TESTING

  • 36

    C'monly used unit to measuring toxins for contaminated water

    PPM

  • 37

    C'monly used unit to measuring metals in food or water

    PPB

  • 38

    C'monly used unit to measuring ultra trace toxins

    PPT

  • 39

    Pharmacokinetics Involves:

    ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, EXCRETION, DRUG CLEARANCE

  • 40

    1 LITER WATER=

    1 KG

  • 41

    1 MG/KG=

    PPM

  • 42

    Toxicity endpoint causing death

    MORTALITY

  • 43

    Toxicity endpoint causing birth defect or fetal malformation

    TERATOGENICITY

  • 44

    Toxicity endpoint causing cancer or uncontrolled growth of cell

    CARCINOGENICITY

  • 45

    Toxicity endpoint causing DNA mutations or permanent changes

    MUTAGENICITY

  • 46

    Key measurement dose causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL DOSE 50

  • 47

    Key measurement used as median lethal concentration in air/water causing death in 50% of test animals

    LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50

  • 48

    Unit of measurement used by LD50

    MG/KG

  • 49

    Routes of Drug Administration

    ORAL, INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBLINGUAL, INTRAVENOUS, TRANSDERMAL, TOPICAL, RECTAL, INHALATION, SUBCUTANEOUS

  • 50

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures rate of blood administration=rate of elimination

    STEADY-STATE LEVEL

  • 51

    Steady state Optimal blood sampling time is collected ____half lives of regular dosing

    5

  • 52

    Optimal blood sampling time which concentration of drug in bloodstream is measured before the next dose

    TROUGH, PRE-DOSE

  • 53

    Optimal blood sampling time used for rate of toxicity

    TROUGH, PRE-DOSE

  • 54

    Optimal blood sampling time which measures highest concentration of drug following administration measured after drug is given

    PEAK, POST-DOSE

  • 55

    Optimal blood sampling time c'monly used by IV

    PEAK, POST-DOSE

  • 56

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post infusion

    30

  • 57

    How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post injection

    60

  • 58

    Immunologic method measures enzyme activity drug concentration Detects drugs like cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, barbiturates

    ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE

  • 59

    Immunologic method Solid-phase assay for drugs like digoxin and digitoxin

    ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

  • 60

    Immunologic method Measures fluorescent products like umbelliferone -

    FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY

  • 61

    Immunologic method Measures drug concentration via radiolabeled drug competition

    RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

  • 62

    Best method for ELISA

    SANDWICH IMMUNOASSAY

  • 63

    Product of reaction of Fluorescence Immunoassay

    UMBLIFERONE

  • 64

    Most useful enzymes for EMIT

    MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

  • 65

    Chromatographic Methods for drug screening

    THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 66

    Chromatographic Methods Quantify serum drug levels, confirm drug identity

    HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

  • 67

    Visible spectrum substance seen in Spectrophotometry

    SALICYLATE

  • 68

    Ultraviolet spectrum Spectrophotometry

    BARBITURATE

  • 69

    Fluorescence substance detected in Spectrophotometry

    QUINIDINE

  • 70

    Uses light absorption for identification and quantification

    SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

  • 71

    Drug is relatively safe

    HIGH TI

  • 72

    Great risk of toxicity

    LOW TI

  • 73

    Therapeutic Index formula

    LD50/ED50

  • 74

    Margin of Safety Formula

    LD1/ED99

  • 75

    Median Lethal Dose

    LD50

  • 76

    Median Lethal Conc'n Conc'n in air/ water that kills 50% of exposed population (mg/L)

    LC50

  • 77

    Gold standard for drugs

    GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY