Part 1a

Oikos - place to live in Logos - study

Major - autotrophs;Minor - decomposers

Independent of Adjacent Community Only dependent on Sun for Energy Ex - Trees

dependent on Adjacent Community for energy and nutrients Also dependent on Sun for Energy Ex - lichens, consumers

Maritime,Terrestrial

ability to regulate own structure, temperature, functions

junction btw 2 ecosystems like Maritime & terrestrial (Mangrove)

Edge species(are very diff from adjoining areas)

functional role or place of species

diff for all species

7(biomes-community

5

Taiga

marine plants which move(like lotus)

marine plants which dont move(N)

H, L, A meets

at extremes of North, South poles, highest mountains and deepest oceans (since hostile conditions so they dont support life)

Unidirectional (From Producers - Consumers)

No.,Biomass,Energy(BEN)

Producers,Detritus(PD)

Terrestrial,Maritime(TM)

Phytoplankton (producers)

Bio accumulation (Entry)

Bio magnification

Perfect,Imperfect

Where nutrients are replaced as fast as they are lost (Ex - Gaseous Cycle)

Where nutrients are not replaced as fast as they are lost.They get lost or are locked in sediments , so become unavailable for immediate cycle (Ex - Sedimentary Cycle)

Gaseous - reservoir is atmosphere or hydrosphere Sedimentary - reservoir is rocks/earths crust

Denitrifying bacteria

Aquatic ecosystem

Sere

Boreal Forests

at altitude - so cold, and slow decomposition of leaves high rainfall so leaching away of nutrients soils are acidic and thin

Temperate Evergreen Forest (Mediterranean type)

Tropical Rainforests

Tropical Moist Deciduous Trees

Tropical Dry Deciduous Trees

Black Soil

TN, Karnataka , A.P(due to N.E.Monsoons)

Both Evergreen trees & Deciduous Trees

free from xerophytic adaptations appear for short season after rains die as soon as soil dries up dependent on rains

Can survive without rain are on the surface only till short height during rainy season have deep underground root system do not wither away after rains have xerophytic adaptations

alkaline(since soil not leached due to no water and no organic acids)

Forest Survey of India(not Moefcc)

biennial basis-every 2 yrs

less than 5 ppt

5-35 ppt (beech mein)

35 ppt or more

attached to stems of plants emerging from bottom (r-rassi)

Algae (Plants) Zooplankton & Crustaceans (Animals)

very limited mobility(not found in Swift water)

on Surface - unattached organisms(Ex - beetle) (S)

swimmers(Ex -:Insects, Fishes,Blue whales) (5K Swimmers)

Base of waterbody(B-Base)

Sunlight,Oxygen

Moisture,Temperature

due to seasonal drought, ocassional fires, over grazing

upper layer of aquatic system till where light penetrates & photosynthesis happens Both Photosynthesis & Respiration happens here

Transparency of water

lower layer of aquatic system where light does not penetrate & photosynthesis does not happen and Plant Growth is restricted in the Aphotic Zone Only Respiration happens here

near shore region (since it is near to the shore)

since only Respiration takes place and no photosynthesis takes place

Respiration

Photosynthesis,Air

Respiration,Decomposition

Warm water, less Oxygen (Also, decomposition increases in warm water which uses Oxygen) Cold water, More Oxyzen

Suspended particles which inhibit Sunlight that limit Photosynthesis activity

Water has higher specific heat capacity, so water temp does not change like that.It requires large amount of heat or removal of heat to change its temp So, marine organisms have very less tolerance to heat changes of water, and hence die quickly in case of even minor changes of heat of water.

Oligo trophic ( very low level of nutrients) Meso trophic (medium level of nutrients) Eutrophic (very high level of nutrients)

Natural conditions (growth of algae, plants, fauna) Human Activities (discharge of waste , run off)

Sudarshan Lake (Gujrat, Girnar)

Freshwater,Brackish,Saline

Red Tide

Warm water,Nutrient Enrichment

does not exceed 3 mtrs(is shallow)

Hydrophytes

Hydric soil ( not enough 0xyzen available for some plants)

Yes(since Lakes have min of depth of 3 m)

Phytoplankton

Macrophytes (big plants)

1985

paddy cultivation

Ramsar Convention

List of all sites-are Vulnerable, likely to be vulnerable

Neknampur, Hyderabad(Contains Hydroponics plants)

where river meets sea

Estuary (it receives nutrients from both sea and river)

coz Estuary has little wave action

Rising sea levels Glacial Process Tectonic Movement of Sand

PM

Burning of waste in presence of oxygen

Burning of waste in absence of oxygen (Syngas is product) Partial Combustion of Waste ( Producer Gas is Product - CO, CO2,H2, N2, HYDROCARBON)

Anaerobic methanation (hydrolysis, acidongenesis, methanogenesis)

Heat (Always) 2nd will be electricity or mechanical energy

convert Chemical Energy of a fuel directly into Electricity or Heat (Ex- Hydrogen Cell)

supply both heat and power (used in electronic vehicles)

single window integrated environmental management system unique id for all types of clearances, single window interface

Podzolic and Fairly deep soil

biodiversity high but not good for agriculture since leaching of soil