Part 4a

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Earth summit)

1992 (Rio Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil)

Agenda 21 Forest Principles Rio Declaration

CBD, UNCCD UNFCC

alternative fuels efficient Public transportation scarcity of water

- plans of UN for sustainable development for 21st Century (21)

MDGs and implementation of Agenda 21

environmental issues reduce poverty (society) pledge funds (finance)

legally binding

Conservation of biodiversity Sustainable Use of biodiversity Sharing the benefits of biodiversity

Enhance Safety of Bio technology technologies Access and transfer of Biotechnology Procedures for Import and Export of LMOs - for food, feed or industrial processing Advanced Informed Agreements Procedure - a country intending to export an LMO for intentional release into the environment must notify in writing the Party of Import before export thakes place

Response against safety leak of LMOs Liability and Redress

Legal framework for ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) Domestic Level Access and Sharing R&D Pior Informed Consent Compliance of MAT(Mutually Agreed Terms) Disputes Resolution by MAT Effective Supervision on Utilisation of Genetic Resources after they leave the country

1975, Iran

Waterfowl Convention

3 aims : conservation wise use of wetlands international Cooperation

Feb 2

atleast 1 site from each Contracting Party : international prestige maintain the ecology of that Wetland

Register of wetlands that have destroyed its ecological character or are likely to occur as a result of tech Development, pollution, human interference (this register is Principle Tool of the Convention )

Keolodeo Park, Rajasthan 1990 Loktak Lake, 1993 Chilika Lake, 1993 (Chilika Lake removed from Montreux Record in 2002)

Wetlands Birdlife International WWF Water Management IUCN

only treaty to deal with trade of wildlife plants And Animals

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna

UNEP, Geneva, Switzerland

Appendix 1 - threatened with extinction - greatest level of protection (gorillas, pandas, sea turtles) Appendix 2 - not threatened with extinction (may become so without trade controls) Appendix 3 - 1 country asking other countries to help in protecting certain Species

Convention on Migratory Species

UNEP

only Global Convention for Migratory Birds

Appendix 1 - threatened with extinction, obligations Appendix 2 - some species that need international Cooperation

World's Largest Wildlife Trafficking Network

CITES

Cambridge,UK

voluntary Public private coalition Reduce organised crime training and awareness

1986 under UN

global Timber trade conservation and sustainable management

ECOSOC (social, cultural value of forests)

enhance contribution of forests rowards achieving MDGs , Agenda 21 etc.

Increase Quality of Forests - enhance soio economic benefits Increase Area of Forests Reverse Loss of Forests Cover Increase Financial Aid

1948 WW2

IUPN (International Union for Protection of Nature)

Gland, Switzerland

Both States and non governmental organisations

Biodiversity Protection Climate Change Sustainable Energy Green Economy Human Well Being

New Delhi - intergovernmental

Stockholm, Sweden

2004

bioaccumulation & Biomagnification for years remains intact (Persistent) accumulation in Fatty Tissues if Organisms Toxic Widespread

POP

1989

Basel, Switzerland

reduction of Hazardours Waste (Annex 1) restrictions of Transboundary Waste Movement (Annex 2) regulatory system

Hazardous waste (on basis of their orgin and composition) Other waste

Household Waste Incinerator Ash

Annex 1 - Hazardous Waste Annex 2 - Other waste

2004 (POPs year)

Legally Binding

Rotterdam, Netherlands

International Trade of Hazardours Chemicals , Pesticides Prior Informed Consent Voluntary Procedure of Consent

Pesticides, Hazardous Substances that have been banned

1994 (after Rio Convention)

Desertification Land Degradation Drought Mitigation

Land Degradation in DRY lands (Arid, Semi arid, dry humid regions) (does not connote expansion of deserts)

legally binding

Cambridge,UK

Proetction of certain species Set Protocol for Whale watching

1988 (b4 Rio)

not legally Binding

Ozone Depletion Prevention

Vienna Convention

CFCs depleting Ozone to phase out CFCs to phase out ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances)

full exemption given by India to Non-ODS tech Ozone Cell and Steering Committee established by Moefcc

air conditioning Fridge Foams Fire Fighting Electronics Aerosols Fumigation Applications

Vienna Convention, 1988, Montreal Protocol

to phase out HFCs also

legally binding

Group 1 - Developed Countries begin soon Group 2 - Developing Countries (China and Africa) to begin transition in 2024 Group 3 - Developing Countries (India, Pak, Iran, Iraq, Gulf ) to begin transition in 2028

recognised by FAO

Rome,Italy

2013

Japan

control Transboundary Movements of Mercury - Mercury Bio Accumulation and Bio Magnification (does not include Natural Emissions of Mercury)

42nd CAA: Concurrent List A.51 A g(FD) A.48 A (DPSP)

1st - Animals (highest protection) 2nd - Less threatened 3rd - Plants 4rth - Cites (Miscellaneous)

not included

Conducted by NTCA and Wildlife Institute of India

declare ECO Sensitive Zones Central Govt empowered to control Pollution Bars Civil Court

to realize CBD

conservation sustainable use equitable benefits Biodiversity Heritage Sites

NBA - National Biodiversity Authority SBA - State Biodiversity Authority BMC -Local Biodiversity Management Committee

deals with Individual and Community Rights in Forest

CFCs (2003) Halons(2010) HFCs(2040)