Emergency , Amendments

Pratishtha Shukla · 35問 · 2年前

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Emergency Provisions forund in

Part 18 (Art. 352 - 360)

Emergency Adopted from

Germany Constitution

Consti uses the Term 'EMERGENCY' for

National Emergency only

In National Emergency, Parliament can

CANNOT Delegate Powers to Make Laws to Prez

In State Emergency, Parliament can

CAN DELEGATE Power to make laws to Prez

A.358 Order has to be Laid B4 Parliament

No ,since automatically declared (A.19 suspension)

A.359 leads to

Lay b4 the Parliament after Proclamation

Who has to justify Prez Rule based on Relevant Material

Centre

Can Court go into the correctness of Material of Evidence for its Adequacy

No,only for checking its relevance

State Legislative Assembly can be dissolved in Prez Rule

Only when Parliament has approved the Presidential Proclamation Until then, it is Suspended

If Court declares Prez Rule as invalid

Court can Restore State Legis & State Govt if they are suspended or dissolved

What is Hung Assembly

when no party secures a Majority (Then Prez rule is imposed)

In National Emergency, State Legis and Govt

are not dissolved or Suspended(But Centre make all laws and issues directions

In State Emergency, State Legis or State Govt are

are dissolved or Suspended or Dismissed (Govt) (But Centre make all laws and issues directions

CAA can be introduced in

Either House of Parliament (Not in the SLA)

CAA can be introduced by

Minister,Private Member(A Member of Parliament, other than a Minister is known as a Private. )

CAA requires

No Prior permission of Prez

If the bill seeks to amend the FEDERAL PROVISIONS

it need to be Ratified by Half STATes by SIMPLE MAJORITY

Pres assent to CAA

must give his assent,RR-Cannot Reject or Return for consideration (RR)

Time limit within which States have to give their assent to CAA

No Time limit mentioned

Doctrine of Repugnancy mentioned in

A.254

State Emergency Declaration and subsequent actions by Prez should have reasonable nexus

Yes as held by SC

State Emergency can be imposed on advise of

Prez

Even During Emergency,which rights cannot be suspended

A 20,21(44th Caa)

American & Indian Consti Diff in Emergency

No such provision in American Consti-It can never change its federal structure Provision in Indian Consti - Country can change its federal structure ro protect unity, integrity, security of Country

38th CAA was in

1975 (all 4 emergencies can be declared simultaneously)

During National Emergency, 2 effects of Emergency on State Legislature & Executive continue

even in states in which National Emergency is not declared (42nd CAA)

Law made during National Emergency become inoperative

after 6 months of after the National EMERGENCY has ceased to stop

Financial Effect during National Emergency continues

till the FINANCIAL YEAR in which the National EMERGENCY ceases(starts 1st April)

Financial Effect order by Prez during National Emergency

has to be laid b4 BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT

During State Emergency, State Executive is

Dismissed

During State Emergency, State Legis is

suspended or dissolved

Law made by Parliament during State Emergency continues

even after ending of State Emergency, but it can be replaced by State Legislature new law

Financial Emergency effect

State Legislature reserves all Money and Financial Bills for assent of PRESIDENT

CAA by

majority (that is, more than 50 percent) of the total membership of each House and a majority of two-thirds of the members of each House present and voting. The expression ‘total membership’ means the total number of members comprising the House irrespective of the fact whether there are vacancies or absentees.

CAA By

special majority of the Parliament and also with the consent of half of the state legislatures by a simple majority. If

Mandatory to give assent to CAA bill

24th CAA

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