Mastering - Robs exam

76問 • 12ヶ月前

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What is Mastering? (3)

The last creative step in the audio production process., The bridge between mixing and replication/distribution, Your last chance to enhance sound or repair problems in the acoustically balanced room.

________ is the last creative step in the audio production process.

Mastering

Mastering engineers lend (3)

An objective, Experienced ear to your work., They are familiar with what can go wrong technically and aesthetically., Sometimes all they may do is very minor adjustments in frequency balance and overall level.

Mastering engineers need to have a balance of

Technical expertise and the understanding of musical art.

The more experience the engineer has

The better they will be at making proper sonic decisions and therefore adjustments on the mix. Attention to detail!

The major goal of the mastering studio is to

Make subjective judgments as objectively as possible.

Mastering engineers confirm that

Accurate monitoring is essential to making a recording that will translate to the real world.

“Greg Calbi” says

“The one thing that, over the years, I’ve gotten better at is listening,” "Mastering is basically what it was 50 years ago: somebody else getting an ear on a recording.”

Johnathan Wyner said it well (2)

“Mastering is like Photoshop for Music.”, “You see an image, and it looks really good, but then somebody goes into Photoshop and does something to it. Now, it could look unnatural and tricked up. Or, it kind of just looks the same but it has more impact, there’s more three-dimensional quality to it, it’s more Vivid. Somehow, it has more life.”

Who said this quote “Mastering is like Photoshop for Music.”

Johnathan Wyner

Who said this quote "Mastering is basically what it was 50 years ago: somebody else getting an ear on a recording.”

Greg Calbi

In Mixing you are

Listening to all the decisions you have made and how they are contributing to the song.

In mastering you are

Listening to the overall result.

Do not constantly change the ________ in mastering.

Playback level

In mixing there are various reasons to change your playback level. (2)

Turn it up to focus on your low frequency content, Turn it down so you can check your vocal placement etc.

Turn up Playback Level to

Focus on your Low Frequency Content

Turn down Playback Level to

Check your Vocal Placement etc.

Where to start with Mastering? (3)

Files are downloaded at the mastering house., The level of the file will be adjusted, If the Mix level is low then it will be turned up in order to operate at the ideal gain structure through the mastering chain.

Once the material is in the session. The engineer will

Listen and view the wav files to check levels and determine the dynamic range of the material.

It is important to send your files at the _____ (2)

Highest sample rate., The same sample rate as your mix session.

We must be aware of the intentions of the producer and mix engineer and try not

Changing the interrelationships of the instruments even though the mix needs help in certain frequency ranges.

The mastering engineer needs to critically listen to the material to determine the __________

Spectral balance

We must understand that every change in spectral balance will affect __________ (2)

Everything else, For example: Adjusting the low bass will change our perception of the mids and highs.

If it is determined that the spectral balance needs work then we have to be careful that the change in tonal balance will not

Negatively affect the Internal Balances of the mix.

______________ are necessary if we are trying to achieve surgical cuts in narrow frequency ranges

Precision equalizers

Precision equalizers do what?

Cuts in narrow frequency ranges using bell curves

______________ that do not have a sound of their own. (3)

Clean, Versatile, Exact

Shelving curves can be very useful for (2)

Modifying the high of low ranges of the material, A lift in the high end if the highs are deficient and conversely a boost or dip in the lows.

_____________ can be very useful for modifying the high of low ranges of the material – a lift in the high end if the highs are deficient and conversely a boost or dip in the lows.

Shelving curves

Low-pass filters may be necessary (2)

if there is sub-sonic or any un- necessary low frequency content., We may need reduce this range. Too much Sub Bass might not translate well on some playback systems.

The key to a great master is to _____________.

Start with a great mix.

In Mixing, ________ with your automated fader has no artifacts, no colour.

Gain Riding

Compression in mastering is

Not always necessary, especially if the track is already compressed.

If you need to smooth out the dynamics in a mix.

A Compressor is the tool.

A compressor is good to help give something (2)

Punch, Glue

A compressor helps change the shape of the

Envelope (ADSR)

With compressors There is often a tradeoff with (2)

Transient and Sustain, Clarity and Density.

If you want something Clear out of a compressor (3)

You want to step lightly with a compressor., Use very low ratios, Longer attack times, Faster Release times.

If you want more of a wall of sound out of a compressor (2)

You might be a little more heavy handed, Which will make it more Dense and add more glue.

If you want something ______ you want to step lightly with a compressor. You will use very low ratios, longer attack times, faster Release times.

Clear

If you want more of a wall of sound you might be a little more heavy handed which will make it more _____ and add more ______. (2)

Dense, Glue

Punch with a compressor would be a (2)

Longer Attack Time around 40-50 ms, Release around 100-125ms.

Common Side chain modification might be with a _______

High Pass filter.

If the Kick is pulling everything down you can ____________

Filter the side chain.

If it is ______ you are looking for, what you need to listen for is the lessening of the differences in the individual clarity of the instruments in the mix because everything comes together.

Glue

If it is glue you are looking for, what you need to listen for is the lessening of the differences in the individual __________

Clarity of the Instruments in the mix because everything comes together.

You loose a bit of the __________ so you can hear more of the sustained energy.

transient energy

You loose a bit of the transient energy so you can hear more of the ________

Sustained energy.

You will loose a bit of the ______ but everything seems a bit more together with glue.

Separation

_________ is a tool to change the inner dynamics of the mix.

Compression

Compression can be used in mastering if (2)

Low-level information needs to come up, Transients may be exaggerated to achieve more punch.

Even though dynamic range is being reduced with compression

Low and mid level passages can be beefed up to give more punch and glue instruments together as well.

____________ can also have a place in mastering when there is a need to bring up lower level material within the mix and do less damage to the peak material.

Parallel Compression

Parallel Compression can also have a place in mastering when there is a need to

Bring up lower level material within the mix and do less damage to the peak material.

__________ is defined as the ratio between the loudest and softest passages of a body of music.

Dynamic Range

Dynamic Range is defined as the

Ratio between the loudest and softest passages of a body of music.

Most mastering engineers use compressors to ___________ (2)

intentionally Change sound, Limiters to change sound as little as possible, but simply enable it to be louder.

Limiting will change the sound but

Compression changes the sound much more than limiting does.

They are the last devices in the chain (2)

1. A Peak Level Limiter, 2. True Peak Limiter

Compressors are often

Fully linked so that you do not get image shift.

Peak Limiters on the other hand can be (2)

Unlinked if we are not pushing them too hard., This can actually widen the soundstage.

Many Limiters allow you to

Select what percentage of Left to Right Decoupling you want.

Limiting (when not used excessively) is used when

You want to increase the apparent loudness of the material without severely affecting the sound.

________ can work better than one because if you are relying on one to give you all the level you are targeting it might give you more artifacts, plus you can use two different kinds of limiters,

Two Limiters

Two Limiters can work better than one because

If you are relying on one to give you all the level you are targeting it might give you more artifacts Plus you can use two different kinds of limiters,

And finally a _________ at the end of your chain

True Peak Limiter

A True Peak Limiter is an

Extremely fast limiter that will prevent any peaks from crossing the threshold. (-1dBTP)

The concept of Mid/Side Processing comes from a mic technique patented by _____ in 1934.

Alan Bluemlein

_________ allows us to access the centre and the sides of our mix independently.

M/S processing

M/S processing allows to

Access the centre and the sides of our mix independently.

Moving some of the low end from the sides to the middle can help the ______

Low End Focus.

Tape emulation and Tube emulation plugins can add _________

Analogue style colour to a mix.

Adding subtle harmonics can add ___________

Fullness and /or the perception of loudness to a mix.

Having a consistent _________ is very important for mastering.

Monitoring and Metering chain

We need to have the output of our mastering DAW set to an average of _____ at the analogue output.

0 VU

Monitoring process for Mastering (6)

1. If we set -18 dBFS as our standard here is the setup., 2. Use a PT signal generator set to 1kHz at -18dBFS and Align your VU meters to read 0VU, 3. Change your signal generator to “pink noise” at -18dBFS, 4. Use an SPL meter and measure your desired monitor level to be 85dBSPL Adjust your volume Pot on your monitor controller., 5. Your masters will be running much hotter than your standard reference level. Reduce the level of your audio record track by the appropriate amount. (Your 0VU setting), 6. Once you set your standard for metering and monitoring you will be able to have more consistency in your work.

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