Pauls Exam - Synths

72問 • 12ヶ月前

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What is the difference between keyboard synthesis and a keyboard? (2)

KEYBOARD SYNTHESIS – PROCESS OF GENERATING AND MANIPULATING SOUND USING AN ELECTRONIC KEYBOARD OR A SYNTHESIZER., SYNTHESIZERS (SYNTHS) – CREATES SOUND BY GENERATING WAVEFORMS THROUGH METHODS, SUCH AS SUBTRACTIVE, ADDITIVE, AND FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM)

KEYBOARD SYNTHESIS does what?

PROCESS OF GENERATING AND MANIPULATING SOUND USING AN ELECTRONIC KEYBOARD OR A SYNTHESIZER.

SYNTHESIZERS (SYNTHS) does What?

CREATES SOUND BY GENERATING WAVEFORMS THROUGH METHODS, SUCH AS SUBTRACTIVE, ADDITIVE, AND FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM). SOUNDS CAN BE ALTERED.

KEYBOARD AND SYNTHESIZER ARE OFTEN __________

INTERCHANGEABLE.

Different Types of Hardware Synthesizers (5)

ANALOG SYNTHESIZERS, DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS, HYBRID SYNTHESIZERS, FM SYNTHESIZERS (FREQUENCY MODULATION), WAVETABLE SYNTHESIZERS

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS LIES IN

THE WAY THEY GENERATE AND MANIPULATE SOUNDS.

ANALOG SYNTHESIZERS USE __________

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS TO CREATE AND SHAPE SOUND WAVES.

DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS UTILIZE __________

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TO GENERATE AND MANIPULATE SOUNDS.

The First Synthesizer was ____________

The Telhamonium (1897)

__________ is the first synth that resembles what we know as a synth today.

RCA’s Mark II (1957)

The main components of an analog synthesizer (3)

OSCILLATORS, FILTERS, AMPLIFIERS

OSCILLATORS do what?

THESE GENERATE THE INITIAL SOUND WAVEFORMS, WHICH CAN BE ADJUSTED IN PITCH AND WAVEFORM SHAPE.

FILTERS do what?

THE SOUND FROM THE OSCILLATORS IS SENT THROUGH A FILTER TO MANIPULATE ITS TIMBRE BY ATTENUATING OR BOOSTING CERTAIN FREQUENCIES

AMPLIFIERS do what?

THE FILTERED SOUND IS THEN SENT TO AN AMPLIFIER TO CONTROL ITS VOLUME.

OSCILLATION IS AN ELABORATE WORD FOR

SOMETHING THAT IS MOVING BACK AND FORTH. A SWING MOVING BACK AND FORTH COULD BE CONSIDERED AN OSCILLATOR.

AN OSCILLATOR THAT IS USED IN SYNTHESIZER WOULD BE

ELECTRIC AND NOT MECHANICAL (GRANDFATHER CLOCK).

Sine Wave is what?

Purest and simplest wave form. Smooth shape and produces clean, mellow tone. Flute, choir tones

Square Wave does what?

Square-like shape, rich, buzzy sound, rich harmonics, great for basslines and lead sounds

Triangle Wave is what?

Triangle shape, smooth transition between high and low voltages, smoother than square wave, bell tones, pads and brass sounds

Sawtooth Wave is what?

Saw-like shape, sharp rise and gradual fall, bass sounds, lead sounds, and great for creating textures

Are Buchla synthesizer considered additive synthesis?

Sort of! The Buchla uses wave folders. Not like in a DAW.

Buchla synthesizer do what?

They add complex harmonics... folding over the waveform

What synth is this?

Crumar General Development System (GDS) 1980, Digital Synthesizer

In 1964 who showcased the first voltage controlled modular synthesizer?

Dr. Bob Moog

The Moog Synth was used albums such as (2)

‘L.A Lady’ by The Doors, ‘Abbey Road’ by The Beatles

Additive in its basic configuration takes (2)

Multiple simple waveforms as its building blocks to create a more complex waveform., By layering multiple wave forms it creates a more complex individual wave form.

Subtractive synthesis on the other hand

Takes partials of an audio signal, with rich harmonics, and removes portions of the sound by manipulating it with, amps and filters. In turn the sounds timbre is altered.

During the 1960’s and 1970’s the majority of analog synthesizers used the

Subtractive Synthesis method.

Subtractive would typically use

Triangle and Sawtooth sound waves.

It was 1970 when the

Minimoog Model D was released.

Minimoog Model D was the

First affordable, portable, and simplified synth that used subtractive synthesis.

Subtractive synths often come with multiple wave shapes

Sine, Saw, Triangle and Square

Key Components of a Subtractive Synthesizer (4)

Oscillator, Filter, Amplifier, LFO

Oscillator generates

a repeating signal using a particular waveform

The VCA Envelope consist of four parts. (4)

Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release

Attack is the

Time we are taking from zero to maximum amplitude when a key is pressed

Decay is the

The TIME the amplitude takes to go from maximum level to sustain level.

Sustain is the

Level of amplitude we are keeping as long as the key is pressed.

Release is

How long this will take. This starts as soon as a key is released.

Advantages of Subtractive Synthesis (3)

Affordability and Simplicity, Reproduction of Vintage Sounds, Wide Range of Sounds

Disadvantages of Subtractive Synthesis (3)

Loss of Harmonic Content, Sound Reconstruction is Limited, No New Harmonics

FM Synthesis It was developed in the late 1960s at Stanford University by ____________

John Chowning

FM Synthesis was developed in the late

1960s at Stanford University

What Chowning discovered was when the frequency of the modulating signal increased past a centre point _____________

The vibrato effect was no longer audible from the modulated tone, and a new more complex tone replaced the original tone.

Chowning created a way to

Listen to the modulated waveform

Chowning was the first person to

Use FM synthesis as a sound generator in compositions he recorded.

Yamaha released the _______in the 1980’s, making it the first commercially produced synth to make use of frequency modulation

GS-1

The GS-1 was the

First commercially produced synth to make use of frequency modulation – FM synthesis.

This was produced before the popular Yamaha DX7.

GS-1

The design of the GS1 resembles a

Digital piano. However it was much more extensive.

When did The Yamaha corporation released the DX7

1983

Artist that used the DX7 (4)

Take on Me – A-ha, Danger Zone – Kenny Loggins, Fresh – Cool and the Gang, Prince, Phil Colins, Luthe Vandross, Celine Dion, Michael Jackson, Nu Shooz

How does FM (Frequency Modulation) synthesis differ from other synthesis?

FM synthesis introduces new terms. - Carriers - Modulators - Sidebands - Algorithms

The idea of FM involves

Taking a simple wave shape, usually a sine wave, and altering its sound/timbre by modulating it.

Frequency is the

Pitch of a sound, the number of cycles per second

The lower the frequency,

The less cycles in one second and higher frequencies produce more cycles per second.

Key Components of a Subtractive Synthesizer

Oscillator Filter Amplifier LFO

The difference in FM synthesis is that the

Modulation is faster (cycles per second) because it uses other oscillators instead of an LFO. One oscillator feeding into another oscillator.

The ________ feeding into the source, the Carrier, creating a new sound. (FM Synths)

Modulator

The Modulator feeding into the source, the ______, creating a new sound. (FM Synths)

Carrier

One oscillator acts as the “Carrier” that

Produces the sound we hear.

The volume must be raised of the Carrier or you will

Not hear the Modulators effect.

An additional oscillator is used to modulate the frequency of the Carrier waveform. This is simply known as the:

“Modulator.”

The Modulator causes change in the

Tone of the sound.

The Modulator causes change in the tone of the sound. These new harmonics are known as:

“Sidebands.”

Ratio is (FM Synths)

This is used for adjusting the pitch of operators. Traditionally pitch is controlled in semitones and cents.

A modulator with a ratio of 1:1 means

The modulator frequency is the same as the carrier signal. Next to no harmonic content

A 2:1 ratio produces a more ________

Complex tone. As the ratio goes higher the tone will becomes more complex.

Operator Feedback (FM Synths)

Use the operators frequency as its own modulator to create harmonic rich sounds

Envelopes is (FM synths)

Both Carrier and Modulator operators have ADSR envelopes shaping the amplitude of each operator

Algorithms in FM Synthesis (2)

This is the arrangement of the operators., Essentially a map that indicates which operators are assigned as carriers or modulators.

FM synthesis is quite useful in creating

Plucked, Bell, and Bass sounds.

RCRD 1018 definitions

Jack Grah · 14問 · 2年前

RCRD 1018 definitions