chap 10

27問 • 1年前

問題一覧

deontological ethical theory developed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant that is based on the notion that:

Kantian ethics

It is impossible to think of anything at all in the world, or indeed even beyond it, that could be considered good without limitation except a good will.

KANTIAN RIGHTS THEORY

a rule of conduct that is unconditional or absolute for all agents, the validity or claim of which does not depend on any desire or end.

Immanuel Khant Categorical imperative

a rule of conduct that is understood to apply to an individual only if he or she desires a certain end and has chosen (willed) to act on that desire.

Immanuel Khant Hypothetical Imperative

what we discussed so far is Kant emphasis on the ethical relevance of good will and acting from a sense of duty. “can a person know what his duty is in a given situation?”. Is there a test to find out what one’s duty is in a particular set of circumstances? Kant believe that there is, first, it is one’s duty, as rational being, to act on principle or maxim, as contrasted to simply acting on impulse.

Kant categorical imperative

Suppose a man wants to financially help a certain lady who is in need, merely because he likes her personally, and he might not want to give the same assistance to another woman in an exactly similar situation because he does not happen to like her.

Acting on impulse

This is acting on impulse and not done for a reason or on any principle or maxim.

Acting on impulse

now, contrast this with another man who gives relief to total strangers who are victim of calamity.

Acting on maxim

Because he accepts it as his duty to provide support to those in need, he treats in precisely the same manner any other person whose situation has the same characteristics.

Acting on maxim

Evidently not all maxims are moral ones.

True

In ethics Kant concerned with maxims that are moral, that is, those dictated by reason and thus has _____ __ _ __ ____.

imperative force or vital force

how reason orders to achieve one’s specific ends. Example: if you want to pass the examination, then study hard. If you are hungry then eat. So it’s like a decree stating that if you wish to accomplish such-and-such an end, you must act in such-and-such a way.

Hypothetical imperative

“No matter what end you desire to attain, act in particular ways regardless of what goals one looks for or what one’s end may be."

Categorical Imperative

It demands action without qualification, without any If’s, and without regards to consequence such an act may produce. Unlike hypothetical imperative, categorical imperative is accepted on its own merits.

Categorical Imperative

For Kant, the ____ __ ordains a rule that, if followed, will guarantee that the person behaving in accordance with it is acting morally.

Categorical Imperative

It serves as a barometer of reason determining whether or not an action qualifies as ethical. Therefore, it is Kant moral philosophy that an act is morally good maxim; and a maxim is morally good if it conforms to the ____ ___.

Categorical Imperative

It should be understood as a command of reason.

Imperative

It entails being true only under some conditions, and therefore not universally true or valid.

Hypothetical

Kant provides various formulations of _categorical imperative_. The most famous is the _“universalizability”_ formulation which states, “Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”

True

In law, Immanuel Kant proposed the principle of rights. He saw a distinctive correlation, yet difference, between the intent of the law and the enforcement of the law. For Kant, governments were entrusted with the capacity to create laws by citizens they govern in exchange for protection. (the dato and raha do the same measurement prior to Spanish occupation). Thus, governments have no right to disrupt that trust by making laws with cruel intent against the freedom that citizens had been promised.

Right Theory

the notion that in order for a society to be efficacious, “government must approach the making and enforcement of the laws with the right intentions in respect to the end goals of the society that it governs.

Right Theory

a broad moral theory in which Kant principle of rights theory is included.

Rights Based Ethics

There are some rights both positive and negative rights, that all humans have based only on the fact that they are human.

Rights Based Ethics

These rights can be natural or conventional.

Rights Based Ethics

What is legal is not always moral. And sometimes, what is moral is not necessarily legal is particular country. These principles prove, among other things, that being moral and being legal may be practically related but not one and the same.

Legal vs Moral Rights

Denotes or indicate all the rights found within existing legal codes, as such, they enjoy the recognition and protection of the law. Questions as to their existence can be resolved by just locating the pertinent legal instrument of piece of legislation. Technically, a legal right does not exist prior to its passing into law and limits of its validity are set by the jurisdiction of the body which passed its legislation. (note: the exercise of the right is limited to particular place and has no legal right receive into different location.)

Legal Rights

Is plain contrast, are rights that “exist prior to and independently from their legal counterparts. The existence and validity of a moral right is not deemed to be dependent upon the actions of jurists and legislators. For instance, many people argued that the black majority in apartheid south Africa have a moral right to full political participation in that country’s political system, although there existed no such legal right.

Moral Rights

exam

Lydster Joy Baquero Alonzo · 24問 · 1年前

exam