UCSP FINALS

100問 • 2年前

問題一覧

is the process of learning various cultural patterns that are accepted by the culture.

Socialization

is a sociological process wherein people learn the culture, whereas the socializing is the process by which people connect with others.

Socialization

is the first and the most important agent of socialization, as you belong to a family since birth. This socialization also establishes your first relationships - the filial bond between child and parents, siblings, and relatives

Family

the second agent of socialization is school.

School

(subjects such as math, science. araling panlipunan, and languages), which helps them to be functional members of the society

Formal curriculum

which may include cultural values, norms, and beliefs.

informal or hidden curriculum

Friends or peer group is another agent of socialization, and it plays an important role in one's life. They help shape your values, beliefs, and behaviors. They become your companion and support system for both emotional and physical stability.

Peer group

is the direct influence of peers on a person, which usually changes that person's attitudes, value, and behaviour to conform to those of the influencing peer or group

Peer pressure

may result in negative change if the things a person is pressured to do are, e.g., smoking, drinking, using drugs, and partaking in explicit behaviors.

Peer pressure

may include volunteering for charity, pursuing academic excellence, and attending religious services.

Positive peer pressure

are the most susceptible to peer pressure, as they mark the importance of other's perspective on them.

Adolescence

have a growing influence to socialization process, as they introduce an unfamiliar lifestyle

Media and Technology

affects people's values and behaviour, setting what is deemed morally acceptable and unacceptable and shaping society's core.

Religion

among other things crafts laws and sets what acts are legal and illegal.

State or government

is a process where aspects of culture spread from one society to another through various means

Cultural Diffusion

is the process of acquiring various cultural aspects for the individual to be part of a society.

Enculturation

implies the process of transforming one culture by adopting the cultural traits of a dominant or powerful society.

Acculturation

happens when the culture of the accultured individual is replaced and the new culture is fully diffused

Assimilation

is one of the important sociological theories concerning the self. He posited that people's perspective and self-understanding of the self is based on their own perspective of how others view them.

Charles Cooley's Looking Glass Self (1902)

three phases of "looking glass":

1. How you want others to see you 2. How you imagine other people see you 3. How you develop feelings about yourself about how other people see you

emphasized the difference between "I" "Me" in his book Mind, Self and Society (1934).

Geoege Mead

is the behavior that violates the standards of norms of the culture. It involves characteristics and behavior that are significantly different from the standards of others

Deviance

Violations of _______ are considered crimes and are punishable by law and subject to prosecution

formalized norms

Violation of ________ such as sleeping on the streets and compulsive gambling, are not punishable by law but are considered morally offensive

informalized norms

is caused by the limitations set by the society itself

Structural Strain

refers to the experiences of an individual who seeks to satisfy his or her needs and wants

Individual Strain

is the practice of preventing deviant behavior in society. It may happen in all levels of the society, from the family to schools and peers, and up to the state. Social control intends to change a person's behavior for him or her to conform to the acceptable ways of the society.

Social control

is a mechanism of external social control which can be either positive (rewards) or negative (punishment)

Sanction

are officially recognized punishments. They may be recognized as official by law or rules that govern the society. These are carried out by formal authorities such as the police, the government, school administrators, or employers.

Formal Sanctions

are dictated by the morals of the society. They are the response to deviancy of other members of the society, who may show positive or negative feedback on an action.

Informal Sanctions

Is the capacity to influence the actions, behaviors, and decision of another individual.

Power

Is the actual use of power by threatening coercion or consequence to impose an action or decision over another

Force

Is exercised through persuasion and relationship.

Influence

Is power generated from legitimate means such as an election.

Authority

Three types authority

TRADITIONAL RATIONAL-LEGAL CHARISMATIC

TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY STEMS FROM ABSOLUTE POWER PASSED ON FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION.

Traditional

COMES FROM THE CONSTITUTION OF A COUNTRY. THE LEADERS EXERCISING THIS POWER ARE ELECTED, AND THEY GET THEIR POWER FROM THE WRITTEN LAWS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

Rational legal

IS POWER DERIVED FROM THE PERSONLITY OF A LEADER EXUDING CHARISMA, CHARISMA IS THE COMPELLING ATTRACTION OR CHARM OF A PERSON THAT CAN BE USED TO INSPIRE OTHERS. IF THE LEADER CANNOT FULFILL HIS/HER PROMISE, THE CHARISMA MAY FADE AWAY.

Charismatic

Maintain peace and order Plan and direct the society Meet social needs Manage international relations

Functionalist Perspective

It sees the state as an all-controlling government that constricts people's movement to maintain the status quo, which can be seen in the social structure of the society.

Conflict perspective

Study on the government or the state, but rather a micro-level analysis of symbols that maintain the status quo or how power is arranged in the government.

Interactionist Perspective

-Type of organization with the lowest complexity. -Small froup of people; dozen or more. -Egalitarian -Kin-related household -Least complicated -Nomadic societies

Band

-Is composed of segmentary linages or cluster of family. -Cluster of families; 100 or more. -Alliance between villages many purposes. -Economy: agricultural -Leadership, may have "big man"

Tribes

-Is ranked in society. In a ranked society, social classes exist, along with the concept of wealth & power. -Many people, many village -Chief inherits position for life

Chiefdom

-Largest and most formal of these organizations is the state. -Thousands to million of people.

State

3 Branch of the Philippine Government

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH JUDICIARY BRANCH

Is a political process wherein the members of the House of Representative decide to initiate the removal of aforesaid officials, and the Senate acts as judges and decides on the matter.

Impeachment

Composed of senate and house of representative, crafts law that would benefit the country and enls asure that the government is working properly

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Headed by the president, vp, and the cabinet secretaries, executes the laws that the legislative branch makes

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

Headed by the Chief Justice and the members of the supreme court. dispenses justice, ensures that the fundamentalrights of the people are followed, and interpretsthe constitution and the laws of the land

JUDICIARY BRANCH

Mandate to conduct elections, certify the results, of said elections, and proclaim the winners.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (COMELEC)

Mandate to investigate any human rights violation of duty bearers in the country

COMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (CHR)

Mandate to oversee the professionalism and integrity of government actions and personnel.

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION (CSC)

Mandate to audit or examine all government accounts and expenditure.

COMMISSION ON AUDIT (COA)

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

has the power to ensure all rules are followed throughout the country.

National Government

tasked to ensure the implementation of the laws within their respective areas.

Local Government

composed of the provincial government, city or municipal government.

Local Government Units

BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

COMMERCIAL BANKS SAVINGS BANK RURAL BANK

Large type of business that is authorized to act as a single entity, thus sepearating the finances ofthe founders, owners, and officers from the corporation itself.

Corporation

Can be created across all levels and types of employment.

General Union

Unions of workers in a particular field, such as a mining union.

Industrial and Craft unions

Are composed of professional workers such as teacher's union and nurse's union.

White Collar union

-Refers to any activity that aims to influence a political, economic, or social institution toward a specific goal. -An advocacy may involve supporting a cause or activity that can influence decision-makers toward a direct approach to the goal

Advocacy

Are networked organizations from different countries that have the same goal and mission to bring about change in the society.

Transnational Advocacy groups

-Are international organizations whose goal is to create opportunities for development in various fileds in the society. -Usually focus on establishing partnerships between the government, private sectors, and civil society to provide funding, technical assistance, and positive reinforcement to sectors that needed to help.

Development Agencies

-SKILLS FOR DAILY LIVING -MORE PRIMITIVE -PARENTS/ELDERS

Pre colonial

RELIGIONS

Spanish period

-FORMAL EDUCATION -PUBLIC EDUCATION

American Period

-R: READING, WRITING. -ARITHMETIC -NATIONALISTIC -THOMASITES-TEACHERS

American period

-LABOR -TECHVOC -HAIKU AND TANAKA

Japanese Period

Refers to the learning that takes place inside the classroom, with various structured subjects.

Formal education

Which is considered as an alternative or complementary to formal education, where the students are assessed by their skills. E.g. ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS), THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL PLACEMENT TEST (PEPT), & TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (TESDA)

Non-Formal education (NFE)

Functionalist perspectives

-TRANSMITTING CULTURE -PROMOTING SOCIAL INTEGRATION -MAINTAINING SOCIAL CONTROL -SERVING AS AN AGENT OF CHANGE

One of the latent functions of education is to transit the dominant culture of the society by exposing students to the beliefs, norms, and values of the culture

TRANSMITTING CULTURE

Schools. unlike other social institutions, formally integrate students in the society.

Promoting social integration

Is a technique and strategy to prevent deviant behavior.

Maintaining Social Control

Schools, students learn various lessons, thus simulating their desire for more impactful knowledge.

Serving as an agent of change

3 Conflict perspective

1.SOCIAL INEQUALITY 2. HIDDEN CURRICULUM 3. CREDENTIALISM

3 Interactionist perspective

1.LABELING 2. BULLYING 3. TEACHER EXPECTANCY

arrangement and/or classification according to a certain criterion

Stratification

What does strata mean

Layer

What does stratification mean

Layering

-economic system of separating work into various components -beneficial in early human societies because it helped them divide task to acquire more food

Division of Labor

-division,ranking, and/or classification method of a society based on various factors called social desirables (collectively wealth, power and prestige) -cause and effect of inequality

Social Stratification

-social stratification should not exist in the society, few benefit from it while the rest suffers - stratification highlights inequality

CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE

-how people from the same and different classes interact with one another Same position: casual Employee and boss: formal -people who share same level tend to associate themselves with each other

INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE

shift in social status by virtue of marriage or other meritorious work

Social Mobility

-India, based on hindu belief, culture, people's kharma(work) and dharma (duty) -existed 3000 years -unjust, cause of discrimination

Caste system

5 Classes

Brahmin - (priest, academics (more knowledgeable) Kshatriya - warriors, nobles (rulers) Vaishya - merchants, landowners Shudra - commoners, peasants, servants (manual laborers) Dalits or Untouchables - outcasts, street sweepers, latrine cleaners (outside the system who are considered outcast, impure and underprivileged)

Maginoo

Noble (Datu)

Maharlika

Warrior (don't pay tax)

Timawa

freeman

Slave who owns house, usually built on the property of the owner

Aliping namamahay

servant who lived around the owner's house

Aliping saguiguilid

-founded during middle ages feudal societies (1800) in france based on land ownership and protection it gives to the french king -the nobles called lord, were awarded lands called fiefdoms, in exchange for the service they give the king

ESTATE SYSTEM

3 levels

Nobility - (lord, landowners) Clergy - (priest, members of the church) Commoners - (peasants, traders and artisans)

-open system -based on wealth and economic factors -there are many opportunities to attain wealth and status -also based on educational status, religion, race, ethnicity status is achieved

Class system

2 Traditional sense

Bourgeoisie Proletariat

100

4 Modern sense: (1870's)

Upper class- wealthy elite Middle class- professional workers Lower class- bottom rung and composed of working class, laborers and poor

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Stephen Madriaga · 45問 · 2年前

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