is a valuable tool used by individuals in the expression of their feelings to other individuals. It can be determined by the cultural, political, or economic position.

is a fashionable buzzword which intensifies worldwide social relations (Steger, 2009; Giddens, 1990). Globalization and English language are said to work as pull factors for one another. English can therefore be said to be the language of globalization.

is one of the most valuable activities of an individual. It is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).

deal with concepts and deals related to subjects that are studied at college or university.

separates good writing from bad writing.

does not use unnecessary words. Exactness in diction requires the writer or speaker to think clearly and carefully.

contains an element that arouses the reader or listener’s interest. Colorful words are used to express the writer or speaker’s thoughts.

uses specific words instead of general words. Words maybe classified as abstract and general or concrete or specific.

language is subject to social conventions in the same way that a person’s manner of dressing is. For this reason, you should be careful about the way you speak, for you are often judged by the words you used.

help the readers feel and experience that the writer is coming.

identifies the reader’s interest

provide background definition of the unfamiliar and necessary terms

main claim/idea of the material/text

Where the essay’s argument, ideas and results are developed and discussed. What is brought up in this part of the text relates back to what was presented in the introduction.

Should not contain any new facts or ideas, but rather function as a brief restatement of the main arguments or facts that have been treated in the essay.

People seek to be listened to. Writers also write to be listened to. Just like speaking, writing is a form of communication and people always communicate for a reason or purpose.

Writer’s perspective is a term that means the writer’s opinion, point of view, attitude, or feelings about a particular idea, situation, or topic.

is a rapid reading to get the general thought/main idea of a text. A person can skim 700-800 wpm.

is a rapid reading to look for pieces of information or facts. A person can scan alphabetically, non-alphabetically, textual, chronologically, and by category.

is reading for a high degree of comprehension and retention over a long period of time. One may have a good comprehension while reading line-by-line, but remembering is what really counts!

we have two methods to obtain and overview – surveying and skimming. Both are concerned with reading only the more important parts. With either we would start with the summary, if one existed. We would next read the title, beginning, headings and endings, and note illustrations. As you get an overview of a long section, you may only survey part and skim the sections that are hard to understand.

an important part of summarizing is organizing the ideas and supporting points. It is important to state it in your own words and aloud, the points you wish to remember.

take a few seconds before you begin your reading to formalize or clearly state to yourself what you wish to get from the reading.

Testing yourself. It is vital that you recall rather than just recognize the answers. This means that you test yourself with an essay or fill-in-the-blank type test. This simply means that you produce the answers.

a good time to record questions is after your overview and planning purpose. If possible, the questions should be in the same sequence as the appear in the material.

the rate of reading is varied, depending upon the difficulty and familiarity of the material. The rate must be adjusted so that the desired comprehension is taking place.

involves reading for pleasure or enjoyment. It breaks your concentration and diverts your thoughts. It also builds your reading speed and reading fluency. In order to read quickly and fluently (at least 150-200 wpm) the reading must be easy.

is a distillation of ideas or argument of the text.

is a discussion of ideas, techniques, and/or meaning in a text

on the other hand, does not require you to critique or respond to the ideas in a text.

isolate all the important points in the original passage and note them down in a list.

eliminate repetitions in your list. It should be shorter than the source.

should make sense as a piece of writing in its own right.

maintain your own voice throughout the summary.

How many American teachers were sent in the Philippines in 1901 to teach the language.

The US colonized the Philippines for