in the traditional sense, is a set of written words, phrases, and sentences that are coherently combined to convey a central idea to its readers.

is an extended expression of ideas about a certain topic.

is the process of decoding the meaning of written symbols presented in a text.

You activate your previous knowledge

you connect your previous knowledge and experience as you decode and understand the meaning of the text that you read.

You are able to finally find a connection between what you already know and the concepts and ideas that you have just gained from the text

all parts of your text, from the first sentence to the very last one, serve one purpose only: to elaborate or expound on the main idea you want to convey

being able to weave your ideas in such a way that they flow logically from one point to the next to ensure that they are, as a whole, making sense.

refers to the logical arrangement of ideas in a text

the central point or thought that you as the writer intend to convey.

expresses the main idea presented through a topic sentence the sentence that states your main idea at the beginning of the text.

begins with pieces of evidence, details, and examples to support the main idea, which is presented in the latter part of the text.

is a framework that helps writers achieve a logical sequence and structure of ideas in a text.

refers to the overall oneness of ideas, sentences, and paragraphs in the text.

serve as signposts to signal shifts or movements of ideas in the text.

focuses on the grammatical aspects of writing at the sentence level

refers to the medium through which writers transmit the message they intend to impart to their readers

refers to the conventions that writers follow regarding the correct use of punctuation marks, spelling, format, capitalization, abbreviation, contractions, acronyms, and numerals

you gather thoughts and write down specific topics

is a visual and structured representation of ideas and concepts that you wish to include in the written text

is a framework or a plan that helps writers arrange ideas and concepts according to hierarchy, importance, or chronology

uses a word or a phrase as its heading.

uses a complete sentence as its heading.

is a pattern of development that aims to tell a story or to recount a specific event which occurred at a particular place and time.

makes use of factual information and accurate language to recount a chronological sequence of verifiable events

presents a story based largely on the writer's own feelings and personal impressions.

aims to clarify the meaning of an unfamiliar or ambiguous term by providing writers and readers a common understanding of the reference and scope of the word, concept, or idea being defined.

gives the exact meaning of an unfamiliar or ambiguous term. This type of definition, which is also known as dictionary definition, uses accurate, specific, and concrete language in presenting factual details to leave no room for any personal opinion or feeling.

is a subjective definition that explains the meaning of a term in a more personal manner. The meaning attached to the term being defined is based heavily on the writer's personal experiences and own associations.

It provides readers with details and explanations about a term through description, exemplification, comparison and contrast, or analysis. It may explain what an object is, what its uses are, how it looks like, how it works, among others.

is the process of categorizing items according to their common characteristics

involves giving specific examples to general ideas to expound a concept or to support an argument.

means examining the similarities between two (or even more) items.

entails looking into their differences

presents the similarities and differences between two (or more) objects, ideas, or concepts.