irrigation 4

28問 • 2年前

問題一覧

consists mainly of operation losses, evaporation, and seepageinto the soil from the sloping surfacesand bed of the canal. Themost important of these is seepage.

Water conveyance losses

sometimes, this is considered negligible and are not included in the estimation process.

evaporation losses

this is the most significant loss that should beconsidered for efficiency improvement.

seepage losses

prevalent in old and new irrigation systems.

Open irrigation channels

cross sectional area of a conveyance channel measured perpendicular to the direction of flow.

Area

elevation drop per unit length of the channel bottom

Channel bed slope

water in the channel cross section

Depth

grade line of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open channels.

Energy grade line

vertical line from the top of the channel to the water surface at the design condition.

Free board

ratio of flow area to the wetted top width.

Hydraulic depth

cross sectional area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter

hydraulic radius

canals with impermeable material for channel stabilization and/or reduced seepage.

Lined channel

constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under a uniform flow condition.

Normal depth

water flow that is conveyed in such a manner that top surface is exposed to the atmosphere

Open channel flow

slope of the free water surface

Slope of the hydraulic grade line

ratio of the horizontal to vertical dimension of the channel wall

Side slope

width of the channel cross-section at the free surface

Top width

occurs when flow has a constant water area, depth, discharge, and average velocity through a reach of channel

Uniform flow

- canals that are cut through soil

Unlined channels

portion of the perimeter of the canal that is in contact with the flowing water

Wetted perimeter

design of an open channel:

1. Design Discharge or Flow Capacity 2. How Velocity 3. Roughness Coefficient 4. Canal Cross Section 5. Bottom Slope 6. Freeboard

retard irrigation water flow

Roughness Coefficient

This is due to its stability, and ease of construction.

Canal Cross section

very common in the construction of concrete-lined canals

Rectangular channels

Fundamentals of water flow, types, calculation of losses, pipe designs

Pipes for irrigation water conveyance

Types of piping available

PVC Pipes Polyethylene pipes (black roll pipe)

these are commonly used due to its availability, easy to work with, and quite inexpensive.

PVC Pipes

this is commonly used in irrigation due to its availability in various length.

Polyethylene pipes (black roll pipe)

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問題一覧

consists mainly of operation losses, evaporation, and seepageinto the soil from the sloping surfacesand bed of the canal. Themost important of these is seepage.

Water conveyance losses

sometimes, this is considered negligible and are not included in the estimation process.

evaporation losses

this is the most significant loss that should beconsidered for efficiency improvement.

seepage losses

prevalent in old and new irrigation systems.

Open irrigation channels

cross sectional area of a conveyance channel measured perpendicular to the direction of flow.

Area

elevation drop per unit length of the channel bottom

Channel bed slope

water in the channel cross section

Depth

grade line of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open channels.

Energy grade line

vertical line from the top of the channel to the water surface at the design condition.

Free board

ratio of flow area to the wetted top width.

Hydraulic depth

cross sectional area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter

hydraulic radius

canals with impermeable material for channel stabilization and/or reduced seepage.

Lined channel

constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under a uniform flow condition.

Normal depth

water flow that is conveyed in such a manner that top surface is exposed to the atmosphere

Open channel flow

slope of the free water surface

Slope of the hydraulic grade line

ratio of the horizontal to vertical dimension of the channel wall

Side slope

width of the channel cross-section at the free surface

Top width

occurs when flow has a constant water area, depth, discharge, and average velocity through a reach of channel

Uniform flow

- canals that are cut through soil

Unlined channels

portion of the perimeter of the canal that is in contact with the flowing water

Wetted perimeter

design of an open channel:

1. Design Discharge or Flow Capacity 2. How Velocity 3. Roughness Coefficient 4. Canal Cross Section 5. Bottom Slope 6. Freeboard

retard irrigation water flow

Roughness Coefficient

This is due to its stability, and ease of construction.

Canal Cross section

very common in the construction of concrete-lined canals

Rectangular channels

Fundamentals of water flow, types, calculation of losses, pipe designs

Pipes for irrigation water conveyance

Types of piping available

PVC Pipes Polyethylene pipes (black roll pipe)

these are commonly used due to its availability, easy to work with, and quite inexpensive.

PVC Pipes

this is commonly used in irrigation due to its availability in various length.

Polyethylene pipes (black roll pipe)