SOIL TECH 1

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ezekiel emano

問題数 52 • 2023/12/12

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The detachment and subsequent transport of soil materials

soil erosion

2 General types of erosion

Geologic or Natural erosion Accelerated Erosion

this represents the erosion characteristics of the land in its natural environment. undisturbed by human activity

Geologic or Natural Erosion

this is erosion induced by human activities that

Accelerated Erosion

3 Processes involved during soil erosion by water

Soil Detachment by rainfall Transportation Deposition

(detachment from the ground)

Soil Detachment by rainfall

(via wind or water)

Transportation

(sediemint setting)

Deposition

This is a process by which raindrops splash soil sediments from the soil surface into the runoff

Soil detachment by rainfall

from upslope to downhill direction,

transportation

This refers to the process of sediment settling out under the action of gravity

Sediment deposition

Types of erosion

water erosion wind erosion

a type of erosion caused by rainwater, including melted snow running over exposed land surfaces.

Water erosion

types of water erosion

Sheet Erosion Rill Erosion Gully erosion Stream bank erosion

this is more or less less the removal of a thin layer of soil

Sheet Erosion

This is a type of erosion when runat water generally concentrates on small channels

Rill Erosion

develop deep incisions

Gully erosion

this is an erasion occurring along the sides of river banks

Stream Bank Erosion

Forms by Which Materials are Carried away

Extrusion Efflution Efflusion

the rolling away by large particles

Extrusion

the removal of very fine particles.

Efflution

particles of intermediate size move off downwind into the bouncing action called saltation.

Efflusion

is the movement by very fine particles

Suspension

rolling movement of particles

Creep

bouncing movement of particles

Saltation

types of movement by wind action

suspension creep saltation

Forms of Wind Erosion

Detrusion Abrasion

soil projections by tine particles carned in suspension.

Detrusion

moving particles are larger and bouncing along over the surface

abrasion

Factors influencing the rate of erosion

1. Rainfall 2. Soil erodability 3. Vegetation or Plant cover 4. Relief (slope) 5. Human Activities

this is the climatic element that mainly affects erosion in the humid tropics

Rainfall

this refers to the vulnerability or proneness of the soil to erosion.

Soil erodability

defined as the fineness or coarseness of soil particles.

Soil texture

arrangement of primary particles into aggregates

Soil Structure

is defined as the lowering of the soil's capacity to support human life.

Soil degradation

is the portion of rainfall that makes its way toward stream channels, lakes, or oceans as surface or subsurface Flow.

Runoff

FACTORS AFFECTING RUN-OFF

precipitation watershed factor topographic features VEGETATION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

was developed by the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service

(LCC) Land capability classification

a method of assessing the extent to which limitations such as erosion

(LCC) Land capability classification

Deep, productive soils easily worked

class 1

Productive soils on gentle slopes; moderate depth

class 2

Soils of moderate fertility on moderately steep slopes

CLASS 3

Good soils on steep slopes, subject to severe erosion; very severe risk of damage but may be cultivated if handled with great care

class 4

Land is too wet or stony for cultivation

class 5

Shallow soils on steep slopes; use for grazing and forestry

class 6

Steep, rough, eroded land with shallow soils; also includes droughty or swampy land

class 7

Very rough land; not suitable even for woodland or grazing;

CLASS 8

Classes I-IV

denote for suitable cultivation

CLASS 5-8

denote for unsuitable for cultivation

This method of estimating soil loss

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)

USLE FACTORS

R FACTOR K FACTOR LS FACTOR C FACTOR P FACTOR

is a mathematical model used to predict the long-term average annual rate of soil erosion.

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)