問題一覧
1
– a mature reproductive cell capable of fusing with a similar cell of the opposite sex to form a zygote; also called sex cell.
Gamete
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Process in which some individuals are chosen over others parents of the next generation.
Selection
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– the process of differentiation of a mature egg cell from an undifferentiated germ line cell
Oogenesis
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MAMALS
male - XY female- XX
5
an offspring of a cross between two genetically unlike individuals.
Hybrid
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refers to the specific combination of genes
Genotype
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– the female gamete.
Ovum
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a pair of allelic genes contribute independently to the genotypic value
Additive
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: individuals that are more phenotypically similar tend to mate often
Assortative
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the totality of non-genetic factors affecting the individual
Environment
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– the male gametes
Spermatozoa
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the process of cell, including meiosis; male produces sperm cells.
Spermatogenesis
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Bird
Male - ZZ female - ZW
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– the process of producing the reproductive cells
Gametogenesis
15
Factors affecting the genetic composition of a population.
Selection Migration Mutation Non-random mating
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allows the flow of the genetic material from generation to generation;
Animal reproduction –
17
– the fusion of two gametes
Fertilization
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Mating animals that are more distantly related which can be traced back to one common ancestor.
Line Breeding
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– determine the sex of the individual.
Sex chromosomes
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- a place at which a particular gene resides on the genetic or linkage map.
Locus
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One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
Allele
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The corresponding trait determined by an allele which is manifested in the heterozygote form.
Dominance
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taken from the Greek word which means “to stand upon”.
Epistasis
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is an art and science of the genetic improvement of farm animals.
Animal Breeding
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– the observable manifestation of a given character of an individual
Phenotype
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: individuals which are less phenotypically similar tend to mate
Disassortative matings
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- process in which individuals from one population transfer to another population
Migration
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- occurs when some individuals do not have the same chances of mating with individuals of the opposite sex.
Non-random mating
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directly responsible for the synthesis of certain biochemical products during cell metabolism.
Structural genes
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Gene may be active only when they occur in pairs of alleles during the diploid phase.
Gene Action
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– a measure of the tendency of some genes
Linkage
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two gametes
spermatozoa ovum
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control or regulate the function of other genes
Regulatory genes
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– genes that are located in the sex chromosomes
Sex-linked genes