問題一覧
1
refers to the specific combination of genes
Genotype
2
the totality of non-genetic factors affecting the individual
Environment
3
– the observable manifestation of a given character of an individual
Phenotype
4
Gene may be active only when they occur in pairs of alleles during the diploid phase.
Gene Action
5
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene
Allele
6
directly responsible for the synthesis of certain biochemical products during cell metabolism.
Structural genes
7
control or regulate the function of other genes
Regulatory genes
8
a pair of allelic genes contribute independently to the genotypic value
Additive
9
The corresponding trait determined by an allele which is manifested in the heterozygote form.
Dominance
10
taken from the Greek word which means “to stand upon”.
Epistasis
11
allows the flow of the genetic material from generation to generation;
Animal reproduction –
12
– the process of producing the reproductive cells
Gametogenesis
13
the process of cell, including meiosis; male produces sperm cells.
Spermatogenesis
14
– the process of differentiation of a mature egg cell from an undifferentiated germ line cell
Oogenesis
15
– a mature reproductive cell capable of fusing with a similar cell of the opposite sex to form a zygote; also called sex cell.
Gamete
16
– the male gametes
Spermatozoa
17
– the female gamete.
Ovum
18
– the fusion of two gametes
Fertilization
19
two gametes
spermatozoa ovum
20
– a measure of the tendency of some genes
Linkage
21
- a place at which a particular gene resides on the genetic or linkage map.
Locus
22
– determine the sex of the individual.
Sex chromosomes
23
MAMALS
male - XY female- XX
24
Bird
Male - ZZ female - ZW
25
– genes that are located in the sex chromosomes
Sex-linked genes
26
Factors affecting the genetic composition of a population.
Selection Migration Mutation Non-random mating
27
Process in which some individuals are chosen over others parents of the next generation.
Selection
28
- process in which individuals from one population transfer to another population
Migration
29
- occurs when some individuals do not have the same chances of mating with individuals of the opposite sex.
Non-random mating
30
: individuals that are more phenotypically similar tend to mate often
Assortative
31
: individuals which are less phenotypically similar tend to mate
Disassortative matings
32
is an art and science of the genetic improvement of farm animals.
Animal Breeding
33
an offspring of a cross between two genetically unlike individuals.
Hybrid
34
Mating animals that are more distantly related which can be traced back to one common ancestor.
Line Breeding