QDE CHAP1

47問 • 1年前

問題一覧

in its fullest meaning refers to any material which contains marks, symbols or sign either visible, partly visible or invisible which may presently or ultimately convey a meaning or a message to someone.

DOCUMENT / LEGAL TERM

It is any written statement by which a right is established or an obligation extinguished.

DOCUMENT/ LEGAL TERM

it is any material on which a permanent or semi-permanent message can be placed, Although most documents consist of paper containing handwriting, typewritten material, printed matter, or a combination, messages can be left on walls, mirrors, blackboards, or locker doors.

DOCUMENT/ TECHNICAL MEANING

A document where a portion or the entire part is subject to inquiry pertaining to its authorship of authenticity,"

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

It refers to document in which an issue has been raised or which is under scrutiny

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

a term used interchangeably with the word (questioned document

DISPUTED DOCUMENT

A document which is completely written, prepared and signed by the writer himself without the assistance of any person such as

HOLOGRAPH DOCUMENT

Poison pen letter last will and testament, personal letters, anonymous letters, ransom notes, are few of the documents on this category of disputed document.

HOLOGRAPH DOCUMENT

pertaining to the date of preparation of documents such as, the rest as land titles, certificates, birth certificates, licenses and other documents, which can expire or can be renew.

DOCUMENT QUESTIONED

Generally most of the public documents are the one being subjected to this kind of controversy. Our Currency bills is one of the very concrete example of documents which are being forge through use of false materials and printing process.. Passport, license and certifications also belong to this class.

DOCUMENT QUESTIONED

can be questioned based on its source, date or contents whether they were executed on the same date or same typewriter or on same or different occasion or if the typewriting does not contain any insertion or addition.

TYPEWRITTEN DOCUMENTS

anonymously superscriptions and other kind where the identity of the writer is being questioned such as: anonymous letter, superscriptions, registration and miscellaneous writings.

DOCUMENT WRITTEN

These are documents which are executed not in a normal writing conditions or situation which may greatly affect the quality of writing such as due to illness, old age, wrong handed writing etc.

Genuine documents erroneously or fraudulently altered or disputed.

are legally admissible, authentic samples of handwriting used for comparison with ques- tioned writing to determine the authenticity or spuriousness of the questioned writing

EXEMPLARS

The ____of the exemplars must be found to be clear and undisputed by the presiding judge

GENUINENESS

are also referred to as KNOWN HAND- WRITING SAMPLES or STANDARDS

EXEMPLARS

Specimen document, in which the origin is known, can be proven and can legally be used as sample to compare with other things in questioned

STANDARD DOCUMENT/ EXEMPLARS

It also referred to condensed and a compact set of authentic specimen which, if adequate and proper should contain a true correction of the material from known source.

STANDARD DOCUMENT/EXEMPLARS

The ultimate purpose of this type of document is to serve as a basis for comparison and identification.

STANDARD DOCUMENT/ EXEMPLARS

Specimens were completed by the writer prior to the investigation in the normal course of their daily activities

INFORMAL

Specimens are gathered from the writer under carefully controlled, monitored conditions. It is also refers to those which are given or made upon request of an investigator or document examiner for purposes of making a comparative examination with the questioned specimen.

FORMAL

which describe documents previously written in the normal course of business and known to be genuine

INFORMAL

which are request writing samples

FORMAL

A document which is issued by a public official in the exercise of the functions of his office. An official document is also a public document as a larger classification.

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT

A deed or instrument executed by a private person without the intervention of a notary public or other person legally authorized, by which documents, some disposition or agreement is proved, evidenced or set forth.

PRIVATE DOCUMENT

Defined and regulated by the Code of Commerce or other commercial law

COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT

Means any information that is created, generated, sent, communicated, received or stored by electronic means.

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT

Document or information received, recorded, trans- mitted, stored, processed or produced electronically

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT

collect like samples, handprinting with hand- printing, ink signatures with ink signatures, lined paper with lined paper, same size with same size

rely exclusively on writing that differs significantly from the questioned writing.

Don't

collect standards dated at approximately the same time as the questioned writing

rely on documents recently written if the comparison questioned documents were written many years ago.

Don't

collect documents that duplicate the writing environment, checks with checks, contracts with contracts.

compare writing written under abnormal conditions, such as intoxication, with normal writing.

Don't

document created, executed or issued by a public official in response to the exigencies of the public service, or in the execution of which a public official intervened.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

Is any instrument authorized by a notary public or a competent public official, with the solemnities required by law

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

The court can reject the use of request writing from the client as comparable standards

POST LITEM MOTAM

Therefore, non-request writing should always be used for comparison

POST LITEM MOTAM

Father of questioned document

ALBERT SHERNAN OSBORN

Writing produced at the request of the opposing party is not considered as

POST LITEM MOTAM

Compare ball- point pen with ballpoint pen, and pencil with pencil or whatever writing instrument was utilized in preparing the questioned document.

Replicate the writing instrument

Photocopy the document, white out the suspect writing, and duplicate the form several times

Replicate the writing environment

are obtained upon request to the person so authorized to prepare and immediately thereafter standards are made and obtained

FORMAL STANDARDS

All the circumstances that may affect the quality of writing including the writer and the surrounding circumstances in the execution of writing such as his stress, mental incapacity, illness, medication, nervousness, infirmity, inebriation, injury, substance abuse, or fatigue, can all certainly affect the appearance of handwriting as well as in executing the writing

WRITING CONDITIONS

used in the preparation of a document may somehow influence in certain degree the quality of the writing

WRITING INSTRUMENT AND PAPER USED

Standards for comparison should be contempora neous. Contemporary as used in questioned document refers to documents that are executed at least within five (5) years before or after the questioned document. Those documents executed two years before or after the

Relative Dates of the Questioned and Standard Document

Standards should always conform to the nature of the questioned or disputed material it means that only similar type or nature of questioned document must be compared or else it would be a waste of time comparing two specimen which are never been the same in nature and on its kind

SIMILARITY OF SUBJECT MATTER

Cdi5

Adrian Balmes · 37問 · 2年前

Cdi5