is identified by the combination of all attributes and qualities, including both those derive from the writing movement and those related to form.

but they fail to follow the same method of construction of letters and words when they do so.

are COMPLETED in a single movement of the writing instrument

usually are consistent in writing regardless of the size of the writing

3types of

trade speed for legibility

is the act of intermittently forcing T the pen against the paper

The thready writer is generally not a highly skilled penman.

expected to reduce the writing size to half the original size.

differs for various reasons. Some writers think fast and try to write as fast as they think

circles, or parts of circles

writing with ball points

action is almost sole for blackboard writing and can now also be found in graffiti form of writing or painting on the wall hence,

Penmanship systems dictate normal size of writing.

writing with the use of fountain pen

is the result of LACK OF SKILL OR OF COPYING ANOTHER'S STYLE

writers usually make poorly formed letters with thin threadlike connectors

consist of lines and curves in various directions, forming individual letter shapes

is pivotal to the lateral movement

an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument from the paper.

Writing is produced by the movement which are really coming from the shoulder but movement also supported by the hand and arm

are embellishments in the form of wavy lines or curves that are added to letters by a writer.

Speed-cannot be measured precisely from the finished handwriting slow and drawn, deliberate, average and rapid.

include size; proportions; spacing between letters, words, and lines of writing; and utilization of space.

There are numerous indicators of speed in writing of which line quality is the principle one

It refers to Utilization of space includes arrangement and alignment of the writing.

join the letters in words. They are also CALLED LIGATURES

results in longer continuous motion before adjusting the pen position

will embellish their letters with FLOURISHES

most skillful type of handwriting

includes the method of constructing and connecting the letters,

a writing produce by majority of action of the hand

rounded connecting ligature) are the most common form of ligatures found in handwriting (Fig. 26

WITHOUT A DISTINCT MIDDLE ZONE area include, j, I, and t

This type of writing gives very little freedom and when executed in a hurried it would generates to be very inferior writing.

was used by the writing masters

it is a discriminatory process that derives from the comparison of writing habits, and an evaluation of the significance of their similarities or differences.

balance quality of movement or the harmonious recurrence of strokes or impulse.

are ENDING STROKES on letters and words.

it mostly employed in vertical writing

it is dictate normal size of writing.

Significant aspects of letter forms are the LEAD-IN AND TERMINAL STROKES

refers to the relative degree of the writer's proficiency.

were once considered an important part of letter forms,

are found between the initial and terminal strokes. They include the letter forms and the strokes used to connect the letters in a word in cursive writing

lead to thready writing.

Include a, c, e, i, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, and x. Letters with a middle zone area include b, d, g, h, k, p, q, y, and z.

is the average force with which the pen comes in contact with the paper or the usual force

is tremulous and lacks good line quality

writer holds the pen loosely,

is generally the important determinant when measuring line quality

The smoothness of the line of writing represents the___