it is a discriminatory process that derives from the comparison of writing habits, and an evaluation of the significance of their similarities or differences.

is identified by the combination of all attributes and qualities, including both those derive from the writing movement and those related to form.

The smoothness of the line of writing represents the___

is generally the important determinant when measuring line quality

is tremulous and lacks good line quality

is the result of LACK OF SKILL OR OF COPYING ANOTHER'S STYLE

There are numerous indicators of speed in writing of which line quality is the principle one

differs for various reasons. Some writers think fast and try to write as fast as they think

trade speed for legibility

include size; proportions; spacing between letters, words, and lines of writing; and utilization of space.

It refers to Utilization of space includes arrangement and alignment of the writing.

it is dictate normal size of writing.

Penmanship systems dictate normal size of writing.

expected to reduce the writing size to half the original size.

usually are consistent in writing regardless of the size of the writing

Include a, c, e, i, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, and x. Letters with a middle zone area include b, d, g, h, k, p, q, y, and z.

includes the method of constructing and connecting the letters,

consist of lines and curves in various directions, forming individual letter shapes

WITHOUT A DISTINCT MIDDLE ZONE area include, j, I, and t

circles, or parts of circles

but they fail to follow the same method of construction of letters and words when they do so.

Significant aspects of letter forms are the LEAD-IN AND TERMINAL STROKES

are ENDING STROKES on letters and words.

are found between the initial and terminal strokes. They include the letter forms and the strokes used to connect the letters in a word in cursive writing

join the letters in words. They are also CALLED LIGATURES

rounded connecting ligature) are the most common form of ligatures found in handwriting (Fig. 26

writers usually make poorly formed letters with thin threadlike connectors

lead to thready writing.

writer holds the pen loosely,

The thready writer is generally not a highly skilled penman.

were once considered an important part of letter forms,

will embellish their letters with FLOURISHES

are embellishments in the form of wavy lines or curves that are added to letters by a writer.

This type of writing gives very little freedom and when executed in a hurried it would generates to be very inferior writing.

it mostly employed in vertical writing

3types of

a writing produce by majority of action of the hand

is pivotal to the lateral movement

Writing is produced by the movement which are really coming from the shoulder but movement also supported by the hand and arm

most skillful type of handwriting

action is almost sole for blackboard writing and can now also be found in graffiti form of writing or painting on the wall hence,

results in longer continuous motion before adjusting the pen position

are COMPLETED in a single movement of the writing instrument

was used by the writing masters

is the average force with which the pen comes in contact with the paper or the usual force

is the act of intermittently forcing T the pen against the paper

balance quality of movement or the harmonious recurrence of strokes or impulse.

writing with the use of fountain pen

writing with ball points

refers to the relative degree of the writer's proficiency.

Speed-cannot be measured precisely from the finished handwriting slow and drawn, deliberate, average and rapid.

an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument from the paper.