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Introducing to Urinalysis

Read and analyze the questions carefully! Goodluck future RMT

Introducing to Urinalysis
95問 • 1年前Read and analyze the questions carefully! Goodluck future RMT
  • ユーザ名非公開
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    60%–90% of nitrogenous material; derived from metabolism of amino acids into ammonia

    Urea

  • 2

    Derived from creatine, nitrogenous substance in muscle tissue

    Creatinine

  • 3

    Common component of kidney stones; derived from catabolism of nucleic acid in food and cell destruction

    Uric Acid

  • 4

    Benzoic acid is eliminated from the body in this form; increases with highvegetable diets

    Hippuric acid

  • 5

    Carbohydrates, pigments, fatty acids,mucin, enzymes, hormones; depending on diet and health

    Other substances

  • 6

    Principal salt; varies with intake

    Sodium chloride

  • 7

    Occurs as Chloride, sulfate, phosphate salts

    Potassium

  • 8

    Derived from amino acids

    Sulfate

  • 9

    Occurs primarily as sodium compounds that serve as buffers in the blood

    Phosphate

  • 10

    Derived from protein metabolism and glutamine in kidneys; amount varies depending on blood and tissue fluid acidity

    Ammonium

  • 11

    According to CLSI, this is a testing of urine with procedures performed in an expeditious l, reliable, accurate, and cost-effective manner (CLSI)

    Urinalysis

  • 12

    What is the considered the beginning of the laboratory medicine?

    Urinalysis

  • 13

    the earlier reference to urinalysis can be found in:

    Egyptian hieroglyphics

  • 14

    Hippocrates wrote a book called on urinalysis in which year?

    5th century BC

  • 15

    What were the “pisse prophets” known for?

    Diagnosing health conditions without medical educational background

  • 16

    Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine in 1694?

    Frederik Dekker

  • 17

    The “addis count” developed in the 17th century, quantifies:

    Microscopic sediment in urine

  • 18

    Who introduced urinalysis as part of routine patient examination in 1827?

    Richard bright

  • 19

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for performing urinalysis?

    Measuring blood glucose level directly

  • 20

    Which of the following is unique characteristics of urine?

    it provide information about body’s metabolic functions.

  • 21

    The four parts of routine urinalysis include all of the following EXCEPT:

    Genetic analysis

  • 22

    Screeing asymptomatic population using urinalysis is especially effective for detecting:

    Metabolic disorders

  • 23

    Urinalysis provides information through inexpensive laboratory tests about:

    The body’s major metabolic functions

  • 24

    What type of urine collection can also be used for cytologic examination

    Suprapubic Aspiration

  • 25

    Introduction of a needle through the abdomen into the bladder. Provides a sample for bacterial culture that is completely free of extraneous contamination.

    Suprabic aspiration

  • 26

    What specimen collection characterized of safer, less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis?

    Mistream clean-catch urine

  • 27

    it has less contaminated by epithelial cells and bacteria and, therefore, is more representative of the actual urine than the routinely voided specimen. Patients must be provided with appropriate cleansing materials, a sterile container

    Midstream clean-catch urine

  • 28

    Which of the following is an example of a mild antiseptic recommended for cleansing before sample collection?

    Castile soup towelettes

  • 29

    Which of the following is considered an acceptable specific gravity range for urine specimens?

    1.003-1.035

  • 30

    A specific gravity of 1.002 is acceptable if the patient has which condition?

    Diabetes insipidus

  • 31

    What is the pH range of normal urine specimens?

    4.0-8.0

  • 32

    What is the creatinine concentration in urine compared to plasma?

    50x that of plasm

  • 33

    Random urine specimen may shows erroneous result due to:

    Dietary intake and physical activity

  • 34

    Which specimen is most ideal for detecting chemicals and formed elements not present in dilute random urine?

    First morning urine specimen

  • 35

    Specimen of insufficient quantity are rejected. what is the minimum acceptable volume for testing?

    10-15 mL

  • 36

    A fasting specimen is primarily recommended fot which type of monitoring?

    Glucose monitoring

  • 37

    The renal threshold for glucose is

    160-180 mg/dL

  • 38

    Which of the following is an institutional option and varies based on the collection protocols

    Glucose tolerance specimen

  • 39

    Glucose tolerance specimen include postprandial tests conducted at what intervals?

    1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour intervals

  • 40

    For glucose tolerance specimens, results are reported alongside:

    BLOOD TEST RESULTS

  • 41

    A two-hour postprandial specimen is primarily used for:

    Insulin therapy monitoring

  • 42

    What is the main reason for using the first-morning urine specimen?

    Preventing false-negative pregnancy test

  • 43

    Glucose tolerance specimen are correlated with:

    Renal threshold for glucose

  • 44

    What is the purpose of the glucose tolerance test?

    To evaluate the body’s ability to metabolize glucose

  • 45

    Which urine specimen is most appropriate for evaluating orthostatic proteinuria

    FIRST MORNING URINE

  • 46

    What is the purpose of two-hour postprandial urine specimen?

    To test glucose level after meal

  • 47

    Specimen rejection can occur if the exterior of the container is;

    Contaminated

  • 48

    Which procedure takes 30 minutes to complete?

    Manual procedure

  • 49

    How long does the automated procedure for urinalysis take?

    6 minutes

  • 50

    Who is considered the “Father of Medicine” and wrote a book “Uroscopy”

    Hippocrates

  • 51

    What term describes quack doctors who made health predictions without proper education?

    Pisse prophets

  • 52

    Which observation is not part of basic urinalysis

    Blood pressure

  • 53

    What percentage of urine is composed of water?

    95%

  • 54

    Which if the following is the major metabolic waste product in urine?

    Urea

  • 55

    What solutes are classified as inorganic in urine?

    Chloride, sodium, and potassium

  • 56

    Which factor can cause variation in urine solute concentration?

    All of the above

  • 57

    What is the importance of urinalysis?

    It provides information about metabolic functions inexpensively

  • 58

    Which part of routine analysis is involves checking the physical appearance of urine?

    Physical examination

  • 59

    What conditions can prolonged standing lead to?

    Postural proteinuria

  • 60

    Who developed the quantification of microscopic sediment in urine?

    Thomas addis

  • 61

    What is an example of a formed element in urine that can indicate disease?

    Casts and bacteria

  • 62

    Which of the following are organic solutes found in urine?

    Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid

  • 63

    What causes an increase in odor in unpreserved urine?

    Breakdown of urea to ammonia by bacteria

  • 64

    Which analyte decreases due to bacterial breakdown into biliverdin

    Urobilinogen

  • 65

    Which analyte increases due to bacterial multiplication in unpreserved urine?

    BACTERIA

  • 66

    What is the main disadvantage of refrigeration as a urine preservative method?

    Precipitate amorphous phosphate and urates

  • 67

    What is the role of formalin in urine preservation?

    Excellent sediment preservative

  • 68

    What is the disadvantage of usinh toluene as a preservative?

    Floats on the surface of the specimen and clings to pipettes.

  • 69

    What is a key reason for maintaining specimen integrity during handling?

    To avoid changes due to bacterial growth

  • 70

    How does refrigeration affect bacterial growth in urine specimens?

    It decreases bacterial growth and metabolism

  • 71

    What is the recommended temperature for urine refrigeration?

    2°C to 8°C

  • 72

    Which preservative interferes with acid precipitation tests for protein?

    Thymol

  • 73

    What is the disadvantage of boric acid as a urine preservative?

    May precipitate crystals when used in large amounts

  • 74

    How long should urine specimens be tested after collection to maintain integrity?

    Within 2 hours

  • 75

    What should be done if a urine specimen cannot be tested within 2 hours?

    Refrigerate or add an appropriate chemical preservative

  • 76

    Which of the following preservatives inhibits glycolysis?

    Sodium fluoride

  • 77

    What is a key disadvantage of formalin as a urine preservative?

    Acts as a reducing agent, interfering with chemical tests

  • 78

    What is a characteristic feature of boric acid as a urine preservative?

    Does not interfere with routine analyses other than pH

  • 79

    The most commonly requested test on a catheterized specimen is a bacterial culture.

    Catherterized specimen

  • 80

    If both a routine urinalysis and a bacterial culture are requested, which should be performed first?

    Bacterial culture to prevent contamination

  • 81

    When collecting specimens from the right and left kidneys separately, where are the catheters passed through?

    ureters

  • 82

    What is a less common reason for collecting a catheterized specimen?

    Measuring functions of individual kidneys

  • 83

    How is a catheterized specimen collected?

    By passing a hollow tube through the urethra into the bladder

  • 84

    Which catheterized specimen method is uncertain for detecting kidney infections?

    Urethral

  • 85

    Ureteral catheterization can help locate infections in which areas?

    The left or right kidney, or both

  • 86

    Ureteral catheterization is primarily used to detect which condition?

    Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)

  • 87

    What is the purpose of collecting a urethral catheterized specimen?

    To check for cystitis, UTI, or urethral infection

  • 88

    Which of the following is true about urethral catheterization?

    It collects urine from the bladder

  • 89

    What is the main difference between urethral and ureteral catheterized specimens?

    Urethral collects from the bladder, while ureteral collects from the ureters

  • 90

    What is considered the most vulnerable part of a drug-testing program?

    Specimen collection

  • 91

    What does the chain of custody (COC) ensure during drug specimen collection?

    Proper sample identification from collection to lab results

  • 92

    What are individuals undergoing drug testing called?

    Clients

  • 93

    Why is a bluing agent added to the toilet water reservoir during drug specimen collection?

    To prevent sample dilution or tampering

  • 94

    What is the acceptable volume of urine collected for drug testing?

    30-45 mL

  • 95

    What temperature should a drug specimen be when collected?

    32.5-37.5°C

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    60%–90% of nitrogenous material; derived from metabolism of amino acids into ammonia

    Urea

  • 2

    Derived from creatine, nitrogenous substance in muscle tissue

    Creatinine

  • 3

    Common component of kidney stones; derived from catabolism of nucleic acid in food and cell destruction

    Uric Acid

  • 4

    Benzoic acid is eliminated from the body in this form; increases with highvegetable diets

    Hippuric acid

  • 5

    Carbohydrates, pigments, fatty acids,mucin, enzymes, hormones; depending on diet and health

    Other substances

  • 6

    Principal salt; varies with intake

    Sodium chloride

  • 7

    Occurs as Chloride, sulfate, phosphate salts

    Potassium

  • 8

    Derived from amino acids

    Sulfate

  • 9

    Occurs primarily as sodium compounds that serve as buffers in the blood

    Phosphate

  • 10

    Derived from protein metabolism and glutamine in kidneys; amount varies depending on blood and tissue fluid acidity

    Ammonium

  • 11

    According to CLSI, this is a testing of urine with procedures performed in an expeditious l, reliable, accurate, and cost-effective manner (CLSI)

    Urinalysis

  • 12

    What is the considered the beginning of the laboratory medicine?

    Urinalysis

  • 13

    the earlier reference to urinalysis can be found in:

    Egyptian hieroglyphics

  • 14

    Hippocrates wrote a book called on urinalysis in which year?

    5th century BC

  • 15

    What were the “pisse prophets” known for?

    Diagnosing health conditions without medical educational background

  • 16

    Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine in 1694?

    Frederik Dekker

  • 17

    The “addis count” developed in the 17th century, quantifies:

    Microscopic sediment in urine

  • 18

    Who introduced urinalysis as part of routine patient examination in 1827?

    Richard bright

  • 19

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for performing urinalysis?

    Measuring blood glucose level directly

  • 20

    Which of the following is unique characteristics of urine?

    it provide information about body’s metabolic functions.

  • 21

    The four parts of routine urinalysis include all of the following EXCEPT:

    Genetic analysis

  • 22

    Screeing asymptomatic population using urinalysis is especially effective for detecting:

    Metabolic disorders

  • 23

    Urinalysis provides information through inexpensive laboratory tests about:

    The body’s major metabolic functions

  • 24

    What type of urine collection can also be used for cytologic examination

    Suprapubic Aspiration

  • 25

    Introduction of a needle through the abdomen into the bladder. Provides a sample for bacterial culture that is completely free of extraneous contamination.

    Suprabic aspiration

  • 26

    What specimen collection characterized of safer, less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis?

    Mistream clean-catch urine

  • 27

    it has less contaminated by epithelial cells and bacteria and, therefore, is more representative of the actual urine than the routinely voided specimen. Patients must be provided with appropriate cleansing materials, a sterile container

    Midstream clean-catch urine

  • 28

    Which of the following is an example of a mild antiseptic recommended for cleansing before sample collection?

    Castile soup towelettes

  • 29

    Which of the following is considered an acceptable specific gravity range for urine specimens?

    1.003-1.035

  • 30

    A specific gravity of 1.002 is acceptable if the patient has which condition?

    Diabetes insipidus

  • 31

    What is the pH range of normal urine specimens?

    4.0-8.0

  • 32

    What is the creatinine concentration in urine compared to plasma?

    50x that of plasm

  • 33

    Random urine specimen may shows erroneous result due to:

    Dietary intake and physical activity

  • 34

    Which specimen is most ideal for detecting chemicals and formed elements not present in dilute random urine?

    First morning urine specimen

  • 35

    Specimen of insufficient quantity are rejected. what is the minimum acceptable volume for testing?

    10-15 mL

  • 36

    A fasting specimen is primarily recommended fot which type of monitoring?

    Glucose monitoring

  • 37

    The renal threshold for glucose is

    160-180 mg/dL

  • 38

    Which of the following is an institutional option and varies based on the collection protocols

    Glucose tolerance specimen

  • 39

    Glucose tolerance specimen include postprandial tests conducted at what intervals?

    1-hour, 2-hour, and 3-hour intervals

  • 40

    For glucose tolerance specimens, results are reported alongside:

    BLOOD TEST RESULTS

  • 41

    A two-hour postprandial specimen is primarily used for:

    Insulin therapy monitoring

  • 42

    What is the main reason for using the first-morning urine specimen?

    Preventing false-negative pregnancy test

  • 43

    Glucose tolerance specimen are correlated with:

    Renal threshold for glucose

  • 44

    What is the purpose of the glucose tolerance test?

    To evaluate the body’s ability to metabolize glucose

  • 45

    Which urine specimen is most appropriate for evaluating orthostatic proteinuria

    FIRST MORNING URINE

  • 46

    What is the purpose of two-hour postprandial urine specimen?

    To test glucose level after meal

  • 47

    Specimen rejection can occur if the exterior of the container is;

    Contaminated

  • 48

    Which procedure takes 30 minutes to complete?

    Manual procedure

  • 49

    How long does the automated procedure for urinalysis take?

    6 minutes

  • 50

    Who is considered the “Father of Medicine” and wrote a book “Uroscopy”

    Hippocrates

  • 51

    What term describes quack doctors who made health predictions without proper education?

    Pisse prophets

  • 52

    Which observation is not part of basic urinalysis

    Blood pressure

  • 53

    What percentage of urine is composed of water?

    95%

  • 54

    Which if the following is the major metabolic waste product in urine?

    Urea

  • 55

    What solutes are classified as inorganic in urine?

    Chloride, sodium, and potassium

  • 56

    Which factor can cause variation in urine solute concentration?

    All of the above

  • 57

    What is the importance of urinalysis?

    It provides information about metabolic functions inexpensively

  • 58

    Which part of routine analysis is involves checking the physical appearance of urine?

    Physical examination

  • 59

    What conditions can prolonged standing lead to?

    Postural proteinuria

  • 60

    Who developed the quantification of microscopic sediment in urine?

    Thomas addis

  • 61

    What is an example of a formed element in urine that can indicate disease?

    Casts and bacteria

  • 62

    Which of the following are organic solutes found in urine?

    Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid

  • 63

    What causes an increase in odor in unpreserved urine?

    Breakdown of urea to ammonia by bacteria

  • 64

    Which analyte decreases due to bacterial breakdown into biliverdin

    Urobilinogen

  • 65

    Which analyte increases due to bacterial multiplication in unpreserved urine?

    BACTERIA

  • 66

    What is the main disadvantage of refrigeration as a urine preservative method?

    Precipitate amorphous phosphate and urates

  • 67

    What is the role of formalin in urine preservation?

    Excellent sediment preservative

  • 68

    What is the disadvantage of usinh toluene as a preservative?

    Floats on the surface of the specimen and clings to pipettes.

  • 69

    What is a key reason for maintaining specimen integrity during handling?

    To avoid changes due to bacterial growth

  • 70

    How does refrigeration affect bacterial growth in urine specimens?

    It decreases bacterial growth and metabolism

  • 71

    What is the recommended temperature for urine refrigeration?

    2°C to 8°C

  • 72

    Which preservative interferes with acid precipitation tests for protein?

    Thymol

  • 73

    What is the disadvantage of boric acid as a urine preservative?

    May precipitate crystals when used in large amounts

  • 74

    How long should urine specimens be tested after collection to maintain integrity?

    Within 2 hours

  • 75

    What should be done if a urine specimen cannot be tested within 2 hours?

    Refrigerate or add an appropriate chemical preservative

  • 76

    Which of the following preservatives inhibits glycolysis?

    Sodium fluoride

  • 77

    What is a key disadvantage of formalin as a urine preservative?

    Acts as a reducing agent, interfering with chemical tests

  • 78

    What is a characteristic feature of boric acid as a urine preservative?

    Does not interfere with routine analyses other than pH

  • 79

    The most commonly requested test on a catheterized specimen is a bacterial culture.

    Catherterized specimen

  • 80

    If both a routine urinalysis and a bacterial culture are requested, which should be performed first?

    Bacterial culture to prevent contamination

  • 81

    When collecting specimens from the right and left kidneys separately, where are the catheters passed through?

    ureters

  • 82

    What is a less common reason for collecting a catheterized specimen?

    Measuring functions of individual kidneys

  • 83

    How is a catheterized specimen collected?

    By passing a hollow tube through the urethra into the bladder

  • 84

    Which catheterized specimen method is uncertain for detecting kidney infections?

    Urethral

  • 85

    Ureteral catheterization can help locate infections in which areas?

    The left or right kidney, or both

  • 86

    Ureteral catheterization is primarily used to detect which condition?

    Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)

  • 87

    What is the purpose of collecting a urethral catheterized specimen?

    To check for cystitis, UTI, or urethral infection

  • 88

    Which of the following is true about urethral catheterization?

    It collects urine from the bladder

  • 89

    What is the main difference between urethral and ureteral catheterized specimens?

    Urethral collects from the bladder, while ureteral collects from the ureters

  • 90

    What is considered the most vulnerable part of a drug-testing program?

    Specimen collection

  • 91

    What does the chain of custody (COC) ensure during drug specimen collection?

    Proper sample identification from collection to lab results

  • 92

    What are individuals undergoing drug testing called?

    Clients

  • 93

    Why is a bluing agent added to the toilet water reservoir during drug specimen collection?

    To prevent sample dilution or tampering

  • 94

    What is the acceptable volume of urine collected for drug testing?

    30-45 mL

  • 95

    What temperature should a drug specimen be when collected?

    32.5-37.5°C