The innate response happens when the body detects and eliminates pathogens through nonspecific mechanisms that use mechanical, chemical, and cytokine-mediated methods to destroy or disrupt invading organism with little or no delay from the time of invasion.

The ____content of breastmilk found to be toxic to Giardia lamblia

it invades red blood cell, after multiplication, the host’s red blood cell rupture resulting in the release of merozoites.

_____ found in tears and saliva is able to destroy microorganisms

causes massive intestinal bleeding which result in Chronic blood loss and Iron deficiency anemia

Proto:

Zoa:

Fingerlike

contains one or more nucleoli or a central karyosome (DNA containing body which is situated peripherally or centrally within the nucleus)

Morphological characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica: it has protective thick cell wall and capable of excystation.

Skin penetration: Skin to soil

Hair-like

Flushing action of urine increase the number of Trichomonas vaginalis

From drinking water contaminated with cyst and Clonorchis, Opistorchis, and Haplorchis through ingesting raw or improperly cooked freshwater fish contaminated with infective larvae

Trophozoites of _____________ is unable to survive the acidic environment of vigina

Skin penetration: Skin via water

In transmammary infection, parasites may be transmitted through mother’s milk

Morphological characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica: Liberated quadrinuclate amoeba and capable excystation

Peristalsis , motion of cilia and human reflexes all serves to expell parasite

Which organisms are classified as intracellular pathogens? I. Leishmania spp. II. Toxoplasma gondii III. Giardia lamblia IV. Trypanosama cruzi V. Plasmodium falciparum

Morphological characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica: Contains Large glycogen vacoule and two chromatid bar and the secretes highly retractile cyst wall around and becomes cyts.

Escape from cyst or envelope, produces a trophozoite from the cyst stage, and it takes place in the large intestine of the host after the cyst has been ingested.

Subphylum Mastigophora under Atrial flagellates

Morphological characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica: It divides through binary fission and capable encystation.

Unicellular organism that performs all the functions: reproduction, digestion, respiration, excretion, etc.

it shows number of structures such as golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, food vacuoles, and contractile vacuoles

resembling a "basket of flowers" shape

controls secretions and excretions

one method is phagocytosis by _______ and ______ for pathogen elimination through oxidative killing and toxic peptides

inner (often granulated), dense part.

Subphylum sarcodina:

Phylum Apicomplexa

regulate osmotic pressure between the parasite and its environment

Physiological function of the body can inhibit the parasite invasion.

Congenital Transmission: ___________

usually single but may be double or multiple

cell mouth

storage for glycogen protein

Stage forming a cyst or becoming enclosed to a capsule, this event takes place in the rectum of the host as feces are dehydrated or soon after the feces have been excretedStage forming a cyst or becoming enclosed to a capsule, this event takes place in the rectum of the host as feces are dehydrated or soon after the feces have been excreted

outer (non-granulated), typically watery

Subphylum Mastigophora: hemoflagellates organism