Earth Science (Quiz#3)

50問 • 1年前

問題一覧

are naturally occurring solid aggregates composed of one or more minerals or mineraloids. They form the Earth's crust and are classified based on their origin, formation process, and mineral composition

rocks

are the solid substances which may have a combination of more than one mineral.

rocks

do not have a definite chemical composition

rocks

are mainly classified as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

rocks

These are inorganic substances that occur naturally.

minerals

have a definite chemical composition

minerals

are mainly classified into four groups namely silicates, carbonates, sulphides and metallic minerals.

minerals

Types of rocks

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This can happen beneath the Earth's surface, or at the surface. The cooling speed affects the size of the crystals in the rock.

igneous rocks

These form when molten rock, called magma, cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. Because the cooling process is slow, these rocks typically have larger crystals. Ex.: Granite

intrusive (plutonic) igneous rocks

These form when molten rock, called lava, erupts from a volcano and cools quickly on the Earth's surface. This rapid cooling results in smaller crystals. Ex.: Basalt.

extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks

light in color; feldspar & silicates

felsic

dark in color; made up of Mg & Fe

mafic

between mafic & felsic

intermediate

very dark color

ultramafic

overall appearance

texture

fine grained

aphanistic

coarse grained

phaneritic

large crystals with small crystals

porphyritic

non-ordered solid from rapid quenching

glassy

composite of ejected fragments

pyroclastic

form the foundation of many landscapes & are a key component of the Earth's crust. They contribute to soil formation when they break down over time, providing essential nutrients for plant growth

igneous rocks

Ex.: tuff & basalt (Moai statues of Easter Island) & granite are widely used in construction, helping to build our cities and infrastructures

igneous rock

are the most common rocks found on Earth's surface. They form from bits of other Frocks, minerals, and organic materials that get pressed and cemented together over time.

sedimentary rocks

The process involves the accumulation of sediments over a long period, followed by compaction and cementation, which gradually turn them into solid rock

sedimentary rocks

Eroded sediments end up in water and begin to settle down

erosion and transportation

The release of moisture from the sedimentary layers makes layers compact

composition

Salt crystals glue the layers to the la to form form more compact sedimentary rocks

cementation

With time, more sediments are added newly formed sedimentary layers

deposition

formed from the fragments of other rocks that have been compacted and cemented

clastic sedimentary rocks

formed from the precipitation of minerals from water

chemical sedimentary rocks

formed from the accumulation of plant or animal debris.

organic sedimentary rocks

Ex.: Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate

clastic sedimentary rock

Ex.: Lim estone & Halite

chemical sedimentary rocks

Ex.: Coal & Chalk

organic sedimentary rocks

often contain fossils, which are crucial for understanding Earth's history and past life forms. They are also important sources of natural resources like oil, natural gas, and coal

sedimentary rocks

are rocks that have been transformed from pre-existing rocks due to intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes deep within the Earth. This transformation changes the rock's structure, texture, and mineral composition without melting it.

metamorphic rocks

These rocks exhibit a layered or banded appearance due to the alignment of minerals under directed pressure

foliated metamorphic rocks

Ex.: Schist & Gneiss

foliated metamorphic rocks

These rocks do not have a layered texture and usually form under uniform pressure.

non foliated metamorphic rocks

Ex.: Marble & Quartzite

non foliated metamorphic rocks

Classification of metamorphic rocks

foliated metamorphic rocks and non foliated metamorphic rocks

are often harder and more durable than their precursor rocks, making them valuable for construction and artistic purposes Ex.: marble in sculpture and architecture.

metamorphic rocks

the process that describes the gradual transformation between the three main types of rocks. It is occurring continuously in nature through geologic time.

rock cycle

fundamental to understanding Earth's dynamic nature and the interconnectedness of geological processes. It also explains the distribution of different types of rocks across the Earth's surface.

rock cycle

play a critical role in Earth's geology, influencing landscapes, supporting ecosystems, and providing valuable resources for human use. They are essential for understanding Earth's history, structure, and dynamic processes.

rocks

crystalline, dark or light, no layers

igneous rocks

grainy, layered, varying colors, fossils may be present

sedimentary rocks

crystalline or banded, foliated or non-foliated, colors with streaks or bands.

metamorphic rocks

3 types of sedimentary rocks

clastic chemical organic sedimentary rocks

css

Paula Tapnio · 55問 · 2年前

css