Earth Science (Minerals(QUI#2))

37問 • 1年前

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are the building blocks of rocks. They are naturally occurring solid substances with a defined chemical composition and crystalline structure.

minerals

Form by natural geological processes without human intervention.

naturally occurring

are not formed by biological processes.

generally inorganic

have definite solid form.

solid substance

Each mineral has a specific chemical formula.

definite chemical composition

the atoms in a mineral are arrange in a specific, repeating pattern, which gives the mineral its crystal form.

crystalline structure

most obvious property of a mineral, but it can be misleading because impurities can change the color

color

measured by Mohs Hardness Scale, which compares the resistance of a mineral to scratching.

hardness

describes how light reflects off a mineral's surface. Common lusters include metallic, glassy, and pearly.

luster

is the color of a mineral's powder when rubbed against a streak plate. It can be different from the mineral's color.

streak

the tendency of a mineral to break along flat planes of weakness in its crystal structure.

cleavage

how a mineral breaks along irregular surfaces when it does not have cleavage.

fracture

This measures how heavy a mineral feels for its size. Specific gravity compares the density of a mineral to the density of water.

density specific gravity

Some minerals, like magnetite, are magnetic and can attract iron filings or a compass needle.

magnetism

Refers to the overall shape or growth pattern of the mineral.

crystal shape or habit

Refers to the specific elements and their proportions that make up the mineral.

chemical composition

Minerals may react chemically with other substances.

reactivity

Refers to a mineral's ability to dissolve in a liquid.

solubility

Refers to the conditions (temperature, pressure, chemical environment) under which a mineral remains stable. Some minerals may alter or decompose under certain environmental conditions, leading to the formation of new minerals.

stability

-3 dimensions of the mineral have about the same length, like that of a cube or sphere. (Garnet

equant

forms prismatic or prism-like crystals that are thicker than the needle as in a pencil (Indicolite)

elongate

looks like a flattened and thin crystal. (Wulfenite)

platy

Often glows in a variety of colors, such as blue, purple, or green, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light.

fluorite

Has a salty taste, which is one of its identifying characteristics.

halite (rock salt)

Has a very distinctive "rotten egg" smell due to the presence of sulfur compounds

sulfur

contains calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), oxygen (O), and water (H2O).

gypsum

(Feb. 12, 1813 - Apr. 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, & zoologist.

James Dwight Dana

Method used to categorize minerals based on the chemical composition and structure

the dana classification system

Those minerals are naturally occurring in nature in an uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure. It can be classified as metal, semimetals and non metals.

native elements (silver)

This is the largest group of minerals. It contains silicon and oxygen, with some aluminum, magnesium, iron.and calcium

silicates (feldspar)

It in formed from the combination of a metal with oxygen. This group ranges from dull orms like bauxite to gamle rubies and sapphires.

oxide (magnetite)

These are made of compounds of sulfur usually with a metal. They tend to be heavy and brittle.

sulfides (pyrite)

These are made of compounds of sulfur combined with metals and oxygen. It is a large group of minerals that tend to be soft, and translucent.

sulfate (gypsum)

They form from halogen elements like chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine combined with metallic elements. They are very soft and easily dissolved in water.

halides (halite)

These are group of minerals made of carbon, oxygen, and a metallic element.

carbonate (dolomite)

They are often formed when other minerals are broken down by weathering. They are often brightly colored.

phosphate

It is the term used for those substances that do not fit neatly into one of the eight classes.

mineraloid

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Paula Tapnio · 55問 · 2年前

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