group of two or more interconnected computer systems. You can establish a network connection using either cable or wireless media. Every network involves hardware and software that connects computers and tools.

work as a controller which connects computers, printers, and other hardware devices to a network in a campus or a building.It allows devices on your network to communicate with each other, as well as with other networks. It helps you to share resources and reduce the costing of any organization.

help you to connect with multiple networks. It enables you to share a single internet connection with multiple devices and saves money. This networking component acts as a dispatcher, which allows you to analyze data sent across a network. It automatically selects the best route for data to travel and send it on its way

are computers that hold shared programs, files, and the network operating system. Servers allow access to network resources to all the users of the network.

are computer devices which access and uses the network as well as shares network resources. They are also users of the network, as they can send and receive requests from the server

is a carrier used to interconnect computers in a network, such as coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, and optical fiber cable. It is also known as links, channels, or lines.

allow devices to connect to the wireless network without cables. A wireless network allows you to bring new devices and provides flexible support to devices and provides flexible support to mobile users.

are data which is shared between the clients such as data files, printer access programs, and email

sends, receives data, and controls data flow between the computer and the network

helps personal computers to access files, print to a local printer and uses one or more disk and CD drives which are located on the computer.

a program which runs on computers and servers. It allows the computers to communicate via network.

is the set of defined rules that allows two entities to communicate across the network. Some standard protocols used for this purpose are IP, TCP, UDP, FTP, etc.

a device that splits network connection into multiple computers. It acts a distribution center so whenever a computer requests any information from a computer or from the network it sends the request to the hub through a cable. The hub will receive the request and transmit it to the entire network.

Is a collection of entities(hardware,software and liveware) that are designed to receive, process, manage and present information in a meaningful format

Are physical parts/ intangible parts of a computer. eg Input devices, output devices, central processing unit and storage devices

also known as programs or applications. They are classified into two classes namely - sytem software and application software

is the computer user. Also kwon as orgwareor the humanware. The user commands the computer system to execute on instructions.

3 components of computer system

refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices, which provide support for major functions such as input, processing (internal storage, computation and control), output, secondary storage (for data and programs), and communication.

is a set of integrated devices that input, output, process, and store data and information. Computer systems are currently built around at least one digital processing device. There are five main hardware components in a computer system: Input, Processing, Storage, Output and Communication devices.

Are devices used for entering data or instructions to the central processing unit. Are classifie according to the method they use to enter data.

Are devices used to enter data into the computer using a set of Keys eg Keyboard, key-to- storage and keypad.

similar to a typewriter) is the main input device of a computer . It contains three types of keys-- alphanumeric keys, special keys and function keys

are used to type all alphabets, numbers and special symbols like $, %, @, A etc.

such as <Shift>, <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <Home>, <Scroll Lock> etc. are used for special functions.

such as <Fl>, <F2>, <F3> etc. are used to give special commands depending upon the software used e.g.F5 reloads a page of an internet browser.

keys include the same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol keys found on a traditional typewriter.

These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are CTRL, ALT, the Windows key, and ESC.

are used to perform specific tasks. They are labelled as F1, F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from program to program.

These keys are used for moving around in documents or WebPages and editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE, and INSERT and ARROW KEYS.

is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine

Are devices that enter data and instructions into the computer using a pointer that appears on the screen. The items to be entered are selected by either pointing to or clicking on them.e.g mice, joystick, touch sensitive screen, trackballs

a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail and the connector which can either be PS/2 or USB. Some newer mice are wireless.

mouse two button

four basic ways to use mouse button

most often used to select (mark) an item or open a menu. This is sometimes called single-clicking or left-clicking.

is most often used to open items on your desktop. For example, you can start a program or open a folder by double-clicking its icon on the desktop.

item usually displays a list of things you can do with the item. For example, when you right-click the Recycle Bin on your desktop, Windows displays a menu allowing you to open it, empty it, delete it, or see its properties. If you are unsure of what to do with something, right-click it.

Are devices that capture an object or a document directly from the source. They are classifie according to the technology used to capture data e.g. Scanners and Document readers.

Used to capture a source document and converts it into an electronic form.

example of scanner

Are documents that reads data directly from source document and convey them as input in the form of electronic signal. e

types of documents reader

Reads data using magnetic ink.t uses principle of magnetism to sense data which have been written using magnetised ink.

Is the brain or the heart of a computer. Is also known as processor and consist of three units namely - i) Control Unit ( C U) ii) Arithmetic logic Unit ( A L U) iii) Main Memory unit ( M M U)

CU ALU MMU

is the core of a computer system. Usually it's a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process data. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off. Almost every other part of your computer connects

Hardware that is not part of the system unit is sometimes called a

can be external such as a mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor, external Zip drive or scanner or internal, such as a CD-ROM drive, CD-R drive or internal modem. Internal peripheral devices are often referred to as integrated peripherals.

There are two types according to shape:

mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board) is the main printed circuit board found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Related image

types of processor

RISC CISC

process of cpu

Is the center of operations for the computer system, it directs the activities of the computer system. Funlctions of Control Unit