The term "literature" comes from the Latin word "littera," meaning

defines literature as a collection of written works, especially those with imaginative and creative content like poetry and prose.

Literature can be categorized based on

Literature can either be in

The products of written literature are called

The best way to describe the characteristics of literary text is that

Three period of Philippine literature

Literary text created before Spanish colonization such as chants proverbs song and folk narratives

We adapt their traditions

Our ancestors highly valued wisdom for teaching values, as shown by the many proverbs or (?). (?) was used to explain events and impart lessons, while riddles or bugtong were popular pastimes. Additionally, epic tales of bravery, magic, and heroism were widely enjoyed

The earliest forms of literature were written in our system of writing which is baybayin, consisting of

Printed materials started in

Ancient ethnic rituals and dances established Filipinos' strong connection with its neighboring countries such as

With the arrival of the Spaniards carrying (?) literature shifted its focus to morality and religion. Literary forms like (?) began to emphasize these themes.

Literacy fostered a sense of nationalism among Filipinos towards the end of Spanish colonization. Filipinos began to write about issues like(?) , as seen in Dr. Jose P. Rizal's works, Noli Me Tangere and its sequel El Filibusterismo.

The Propaganda Movement, a late 19th- century effort to reform Spanish colonial rule and foster Filipino nationalism, was significantly advanced by

JOSE P. RIZAL works

Marcelo H. del Pilar works

Graciano López Jaena works

The literary production during the (?) was inspired by the developments in education and culture. Knowledge and information became accessible to all Filipinos because of the free public education.

During the(?) Filipino writers emulated English and American styles, exploring various forms of literature. At this time, short stories emerged as the most dominant literary form.

With the new knowledge of English language, many writers started to gain recognition both locally and internationally like Jose Garcia Villa who earned the International title, (?) as an example.

Father of the poet

The development of Philippine literature was disrupted during the Japanese occupation from, (?) as freedom of expression was rare during that period.

Filipino writers in the Philippines were prohibited from writing anything against the government, with only those in exile were allowed to do so. Consequently, due to the ban on the English language, short stories written in (?) thrived in the country.

Some of the literary texts produced during the Japanese occupation include

The (?) refers to the time following the restoration of freedom in the Philippines up to the present. A particularly memorable and contentious period during this time was the imposition of Martial Law under the Marcos regime.

Philippine literature continued to thrive through the use of (?), especially with the emergence of new publications following the Martial Law period.

Literary awards emerged such as the (?)(?)(?)(?)(?) awards to recognize the works of the Filipino writers.

The usual themes of contemporary writers in the 21st century are (?)(?)(?)(?). Different approaches are employed by the writers in exploring different themes such as love, sex, family, and religion.

300 plus years

48 years

5 years

El filibusterismo

Inang bayan