botany cells

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問題一覧

are eukaryotic cells or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.

plant cell

tiny cellular structures that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation,

organelles

-(e.g. chloroplasts) assist in storing and harvesting needed substances for the plant.

plastids

This thin, semi-permeable membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its contents.

cell membrane

This rigid outer covering of the cell protects the plant cell and gives it shape.

cell wall

the sites of photosynthesis in a plant cell. They contain chlorophyll,

chloroplast

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane. It contains water, Salt

cytoplasm

This network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm helps the cell maintain

cytoskeleton

an extensive network of membranes composed of both regions with ribosomes (rough ER) and regions without ribosomes (smooth ER). The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids.

endoplasmic reticulum

responsible for manufacturing, storing, and shipping certain cellular products, including proteins.

golgi complex

These hollow rods, tubular fibrillar structures of indefinite length with cylindrical walls od

microtubules

generate energy for the cell by converting glucose (produced by photosynthesis) and oxygen to ATP. This process is known as respiration. a double-layered organelle of the plant cell.

mitochondria

membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information (DNA).

nucleus

darkly staining rounded bodies rich in ribosomal RNA.

nucleolus

These tiny holes within the nuclear membrane allow nucleic

nucleopore

semi-permeable membrane that regulates the

nuclear membrane

fluid portion of the nucleus.

nuclear sap

darkly staining material suspended within the karyoplasm or nucleoplasm.

chromatin

are tiny, single membrane-bound structures that contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.

peroxisomes

role in both catabolic and anabolic pathways in plants. It breaks the fatty acid

glyoxysomes

These pores or channels between plant cell walls allow molecules and

plasmodesmata

Consisting of RNA and proteins, ribosomes are responsible for protein assembly.

ribosomes

This plant cell organelle provides support for and participates in a variety of cellular functions, including storage, detoxification, protection, and

vacuole

contains dissolved substances such as the anthocyanins

cell sap

form of waste products of metabolism in

crystals

fine, needle like crystals occurring singly or in cluster, scattered, or enclosed in a sac as in gabi or other succulent

raphide

prism-like or diamond-like crystals found in leaves of begonia or bangka

prismatic

flowerlike appearance in santan and stem of kutsarita

rosette

knife-like, tapering at both

styloid

grapelike as seen in hypodermal cell of leaf of an Indian rubber tree or ampalaya like

cystolith

Metabolic changes prepare the cell for division. Phase

DNA synthesis replicates the genetic material. Phase

Metabolic changes assemble the cytoplasmic materials necessary for mitosis and cytokinesis. Phase

nuclear division (mitosis) followed by a cell division (cytokinesis). Phase

metaphase

continuous process is conventionally divided into five stages:

mitosis

occupies over half of the mitosis.

prophase

duplicates itself to form two daughter centrosomes that migrate

centrosome

forms the spindle fibers that constitute the mitotic spindle. - chromosomes condense into compact structures.

microtubules

The chromosomes, led by their centromeres, migrate to the equatorial plane in the midline of the cell -

prometaphase

The chromosomes align themselves along the metaphase plate of the spindle apparatus.

metaphase

Shortest stage of mitosis - The centromeres divide, and the sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart - or 'disjoin'

anaphase

final stage of mitosis and a reversal of many of the processes observed during prophase nuclear membrane

telophase

final cellular division to form two new cells.

cytokinesis

results in gametes that have only half of chromosomes of the parent plant - When gametes form zygotes as they unite in pairs, the original chromosome # is restored

meiosis

As the chromosomes become shorter and thicker, homologs become aligned in pairs, and eventually, two chromatids can be distinguished for each chromosome Div 1

The main features are: (1) The pairs of chromosomes become aligned at the equator of the cell. (2) The now complete spindle becomes more apparent d1

The main features are: (1) Each chromosome, consisting of two chromatids, migrates to a pole (the region at each end of the cell, analogous to the poles of the earth) (2) Homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell. D1

anaphase 1

the chromosomes now either partially revert back to interphase, becoming longer and thinner as they do so, - or proceed directly to Division Il; two new cells will eventually form, each with half the chromosome number as the original cell; TWO DNA MOLECULE d1

chromosomes become shorter and thicker, and their two-stranded nature once more becomes apparent D2

prophase

(1) The centromeres of the chromosomes become aligned along the equator. (2) New spindles become conspicuous and complete d2

metaphase 2

the centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome separate and migrate to opposite poles d2

The coils of the chromatids (now called chromosomes again) relax so that the chromosomes become longer and thinner. ONE DNA MOLECULE (2) New nuclear envelopes and nucleoli appear for each group of chromosomes dv 2

telophase 2

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問題一覧

are eukaryotic cells or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.

plant cell

tiny cellular structures that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation,

organelles

-(e.g. chloroplasts) assist in storing and harvesting needed substances for the plant.

plastids

This thin, semi-permeable membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosing its contents.

cell membrane

This rigid outer covering of the cell protects the plant cell and gives it shape.

cell wall

the sites of photosynthesis in a plant cell. They contain chlorophyll,

chloroplast

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane. It contains water, Salt

cytoplasm

This network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm helps the cell maintain

cytoskeleton

an extensive network of membranes composed of both regions with ribosomes (rough ER) and regions without ribosomes (smooth ER). The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids.

endoplasmic reticulum

responsible for manufacturing, storing, and shipping certain cellular products, including proteins.

golgi complex

These hollow rods, tubular fibrillar structures of indefinite length with cylindrical walls od

microtubules

generate energy for the cell by converting glucose (produced by photosynthesis) and oxygen to ATP. This process is known as respiration. a double-layered organelle of the plant cell.

mitochondria

membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information (DNA).

nucleus

darkly staining rounded bodies rich in ribosomal RNA.

nucleolus

These tiny holes within the nuclear membrane allow nucleic

nucleopore

semi-permeable membrane that regulates the

nuclear membrane

fluid portion of the nucleus.

nuclear sap

darkly staining material suspended within the karyoplasm or nucleoplasm.

chromatin

are tiny, single membrane-bound structures that contain enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.

peroxisomes

role in both catabolic and anabolic pathways in plants. It breaks the fatty acid

glyoxysomes

These pores or channels between plant cell walls allow molecules and

plasmodesmata

Consisting of RNA and proteins, ribosomes are responsible for protein assembly.

ribosomes

This plant cell organelle provides support for and participates in a variety of cellular functions, including storage, detoxification, protection, and

vacuole

contains dissolved substances such as the anthocyanins

cell sap

form of waste products of metabolism in

crystals

fine, needle like crystals occurring singly or in cluster, scattered, or enclosed in a sac as in gabi or other succulent

raphide

prism-like or diamond-like crystals found in leaves of begonia or bangka

prismatic

flowerlike appearance in santan and stem of kutsarita

rosette

knife-like, tapering at both

styloid

grapelike as seen in hypodermal cell of leaf of an Indian rubber tree or ampalaya like

cystolith

Metabolic changes prepare the cell for division. Phase

DNA synthesis replicates the genetic material. Phase

Metabolic changes assemble the cytoplasmic materials necessary for mitosis and cytokinesis. Phase

nuclear division (mitosis) followed by a cell division (cytokinesis). Phase

metaphase

continuous process is conventionally divided into five stages:

mitosis

occupies over half of the mitosis.

prophase

duplicates itself to form two daughter centrosomes that migrate

centrosome

forms the spindle fibers that constitute the mitotic spindle. - chromosomes condense into compact structures.

microtubules

The chromosomes, led by their centromeres, migrate to the equatorial plane in the midline of the cell -

prometaphase

The chromosomes align themselves along the metaphase plate of the spindle apparatus.

metaphase

Shortest stage of mitosis - The centromeres divide, and the sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart - or 'disjoin'

anaphase

final stage of mitosis and a reversal of many of the processes observed during prophase nuclear membrane

telophase

final cellular division to form two new cells.

cytokinesis

results in gametes that have only half of chromosomes of the parent plant - When gametes form zygotes as they unite in pairs, the original chromosome # is restored

meiosis

As the chromosomes become shorter and thicker, homologs become aligned in pairs, and eventually, two chromatids can be distinguished for each chromosome Div 1

The main features are: (1) The pairs of chromosomes become aligned at the equator of the cell. (2) The now complete spindle becomes more apparent d1

anaphase 1

chromosomes become shorter and thicker, and their two-stranded nature once more becomes apparent D2

prophase

(1) The centromeres of the chromosomes become aligned along the equator. (2) New spindles become conspicuous and complete d2

metaphase 2

the centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome separate and migrate to opposite poles d2

telophase 2