Inorg

53問 • 2年前

問題一覧

the science that describes matter-its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany those processes.

Chemistry

Hydrocarbons and its derivatives

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic compounds, metals, minerals

Inorganic Chem

Detection and identification of substances present (qualitative analysis) or amount of each substance (quantitative analysis)

analytical chem

Processes in living organisms

biochemistry

Behavior of matter

physical chem

anything that has mass and occupies space

Matter

measure of the quantity of matter

mass

amount of space

volume

the capacity to do work or to transfer heat

energy

Energy in motion

kinetic energy

Energy at rest

potential energy

Energy Changes: Release (heat)

exothermic

Energy Changes: absorbs (heat)

Endothermic

Gas to solid

deposition

Solid to gas

Sublimation

Gas to Liquid

condensation

Liquid to gas

boiling

Liquid to solid

freezing

Solid to liquid

melting

- can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. - e.g. color, hardness, melting point, boiling point

Physical properties

exhibited by matter as it undergoes changes in composition. - e.g. hydrogen has the potential to ignite and explode given the right conditions - e.g. iron reacts with oxygen gas to form rust

Chemical Properties

Dependent on the amount of substance - e.g. MASS - more substance, greater mass - e.g. VOLUME - more substance, greater volume

Extensive properties

- Independent on the amount of substance - e.g. DENSITY, Electrical Conductivity

Intensive properties

- one or more substances are used up - one or more new substances are formed, - energy is absorbed or released - IRREVERSIBLE - e.g. burning of paper, cooking an egg, souring of milk

Chemical Change

- no change in chemical composition - REVERSIBLE - e.g. shredding paper, boiling of water, breaking a bottle

Physical Change

Variable Composition (e.g. 70%, 80% or 95% ethanol in water) - May be separated into pure substances by physical methods (e.g. distillation, filtration)

Mixture

- Fixed composition (e.g. 100% ethanol) - Cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical methods

Pure Substance

- Components are NOT distinguishable (single phase) - Have same composition throughout (i.e. same amount in any areas - e.g. SOLUTION

Homogeneous Mixtures

- Components are distinguishable (multiple phases) - Do NOT have same composition throughout (i.e. different amount in various areas - e.g. SUSPENSION

Heterogeneous Mixture

- Can be decomposed to simpler substance by chemical changes - consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound together. - e.g. water, H20 can be broken into hydrogen and oxygen gases via electrolysis

Compounds

- Cannot be decomposed to simpler substance by chemical changes - Consists of only one kind of atom

Elements

- the smallest unit that retains the properties of an element.

atom

Theory All matter is composed of atoms and these cannot be made or destroyed.

dalton’s theory

_______ are atoms of the same element with different masses. • They are atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

isotopes

Represents the composition of the nucleus

nuclide symbol

Uncuttable

atomos

_____ as solid indivisible sphere

atom

Who said Matter is made up of four elements

aristotle and others

Found Solid Sphere (Billiard Ball) Model - Atom as solid sphere but NOT indivisible (with year)

john dalton 1807

Elements of a chemical compound are held together by_____

electrical forces

Who said the Elements of a chemical compound are held together by Electrical forces (wih year)

humphry davy 1800s

Found Electrons" → Electric ions with year

george stoney 1891

Found Relationship between the amount of electricity used in electrolysis and the amount of chemical reaction that occurs (with year)

michael faraday 1832

Who Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment WITH YEAR

joseph john thomson 1897

Experiment - Most convincing evidence of electrons - Plum pudding model- Most convincing evidence of electrons - Plum pudding model

cathode ray tube experiment

Who Oil-drop Experiment WITH YEAR

robert millikan 1909

Found Saturn-like model WITH YEAR

hantaro nagaoka 1903

found The Scattering Experiment WITH YEAR

ernest rutherford 1910

Found The Discovery of Protons • Canal Rays Experiment (With year)

eugen goldstein 1886

Who studied X-rays given off by various elements. - "The number of PROTONS in the nucleus of an atom determines its identity; this number is known as the ATOMIC NUMBER of that element. WITH YEAR

HGH moseley 1913

Who described the electron of a hydrogen atom as revolving around its nucleus in one of a discrete set of circular orbits. • ____ Planetary Model - Each orbit thus corresponds to a definite energy level for the electron. - When an electron is excited from a lower energy level to a higher one, it absorbs a definite (quantized) amount of energy. - Electrons occupy only certain energy levels in atoms.

niels bohr

The Wave Nature of Electron • _________ - proposed the idea of wave-like nature of electrons • Electrons can be treated as waves more effectively than as small compact particles traveling in circular or elliptical orbits.

louis de brogli

philo

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 2年前

philo