Showed that the inheritance of there traits follows laws later named after him

His Classic of Internal Medicine is important in understanding the basic ideas of traditional Chinese herbal science, acupuncture snd moxibustion Yin and Yang, the Five phases of Evolutive Change, Meridian theory

(Euphoriants and Narcotics such as heroin

(Hallucinogens or Entheogens such peyote or Ayahuasca)

(Inebriants such as alcohol)

(Stimulants such as Khat or Amphetamine

(Tranquilizers such as Kava)

1.Traits are often heritable. 2.More offspring are produced than can survive. 3.Offspring vary in their heritable traits.

1771, he discovered accidentally that gases play a role in photosythesis. Put a candle in a glass jar with a plant and in ten days the candle was able to combust. A gas (oxygen) must be released by the plant that supports combustion.

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. EX: Systems in the Human Body (Skeletal System, Nervous System, etc.)

Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, & to maintain dynamic homeostasis. EX: photosynthesis

British naturalist

Coined the word CELL

Cold year-round–it has short cool summers and long, severe winters. ● Has a permanently frozen sublayer of soil called permafrost. ● Drainage is poor due to the permafrost and because of the cold, evaporation is slow. ● The tundra receives little precipitation and is usually in the form of snow or ice ● There is a little diversity of species. Plant life is dominated by mosses, grasses, and sedge

Discovered cells in living plant tissue

Economical use

Father of Botany and the first real botanist

Father of plant anatomy

First real botanist

Founded plant anatomy

Founder of genetics.

German toxicologist first to stu psychoactive plants systematic

Give his two publications (small caps)

He advocated a qualititative approach to phytogeography that has characterized modern plant geography.

He studied plant morphology, classification and the natural history of plant.

In 1671, Malpighi's Anatomy of Plants war published in London by the Royal Society

In 1866, a German scientist coined the word ‘“ecology”.

It was the first important work on micro copy, the study of minute objects through a microscope.

Italian doctor, who gave his name to features, like the Malpighian tubule system.

Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. EX: Cell

Louis lewins book

MAJOR BIOMES IN THE WORLD

Medicinal use

Published MICROGRAPHIA in 1669

Study of physical form or external structure

Study of plant function

Study of the interaction of plants with one another and with their environment.

The Yellow Emperor - regarded as the founder of Chinese civilization.

The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life EX: Humans, animals

The study of heredity

US botanist, in 1895 he coined the "ethnobotany"

Used microscope observation to discover plant tissues.

a Flemish physician and chemist, who was the first to demonstrate that p nts do not have the same nutritional need as animals. Plants absorbs water as result of what we now know as photosynthetic activity.

a Greek physician, pharmacologist an botanist, physician of the Roman Army and author of a 5-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine (a pharmacopeia), that was widely read for more than 1000 years

his name means "the Divine farm”and he is the Father of Chinese Agriculture he taught his people how to cultivate grain as food and to avoid killing animal.

occupy much of the Pacific Northwest and extend south along Rocky Mountains and California Mountain ranges ● Some plants have a short life cycle, germinating in response to rain,growing, flowering, and dying within one year. ● Leaves with hair or spine ● Waxy coating on stems and leaves. ● Flowers that open at night lure pollinators who are more likely to be active during the cooler night. ● Slower growing requires less energy.

often referred to as the "Father of Phytogeography".

published De Materia medica which was a catalog about the medicinal use of 60 plants in the Mediterranean

the adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment ● Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas.

the most well-known work attribute to _______ is The Divine Farmer's herb Root Classic

the study of genes and their functions, and related techniques

the study of the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth’s surface

the study of the traditional knowledge and customs of a people concerning plants and their medicinal, religious and other uses.

● Also known as boreal forests ● coniferous tree species tend to be inzones determined by altitude

● Called prairie, it features hot summers and cold winters. ● Rainfall is uncertain and drought is common. ● The soil is extremely rich in organic material due to the fact that the above-ground portions of grasses die off annually, enriching the soil. ● The area is well-suited to agriculture, and few original prairies survive today. CAPSLOCK

● Cold year-round–it has short cool summers and long, severe winters. ● Has a permanently frozen sublayer of soil called permafrost. ● Drainage is poor due to the permafrost and because of the cold, evaporation is slow. ● The tundra receives little precipitation and is usually in the form of snow or ice ● There is a little diversity of species. Plant life is dominated by mosses, grasses, and sedge

● During a fire ○ The root portions survive to sprout again ○ Some prairie trees have thick bark ○ Prairie shrubs readily resprout after fire ● Roots of prairie grasses extend deep into the ground ● Extensive root systems - prevent animals from pulling them ● Prairie grasses have narrow leaves - loss water more ● Grasses grow from near their base, not from tip ● Grasses are wind pollinated ● Soft stems - bend Caps lock

● Epiphytes such as mosses and ferns grow atop other plants to reach light. ● Cool temperatures lead to slow decomposition but seedlings grow on “nurse logs” to take advantage of the nutrients from the decomposing fallen logs. ● Trees can grow very tall due to the amount of precipitation.

● Is hot and it rains a lot ● Abundance of water problems: ● Harm to plants due to growth of bacteria and fungi. ● Risk of flooding. Soil erosion and rapid loss of nutrients from the soil. Rapid growth of plants. ● The tropical rainforest is very thick, and not much sunlight is able to penetrate to the forest floor.

● Is hot and it rains a lot ● Abundance of water problems: ● Harm to plants due to growth of bacteria and fungi. ● Risk of flooding. Soil erosion and rapid loss of nutrients from the soil. Rapid growth of plants. ● The tropical rainforest is very thick, and not much sunlight is able to penetrate to the forest floor.

● Many trees are evergreen ● Many trees have needle-like leaves which shape loses less water and sheds snow more easily than broad leaves ● Waxy coating on needles to prevent evaporation ● Needles are dark in color allowing more solar heat to be absorbed ● Many trees have branches that droop downward to help shed excess snow to keep the branches from breaking

● Some plants, called succulents ● Some plants have no leaves or small seasonal leaves that only grow after it rains. ● Long root systems spread out wide or go deep into the ground to absorb water. ● Some plants have a short life cycle, germinating in response to rain,growing, flowering, and dying within one year. ● Leaves with hair or spine ● Waxy coating on stems and leaves. ● Flowers that open at night lure pollinators who are more likely to be active during the cooler night. ● Slower growing requires less energy.

● Temperature varies from hot in the summer to below freezing in the winter. ● Rain is plentiful ● Made up of layers of plants ● The tallest trees make up the forest canopy. ○Beneath the canopy, the understory ○ Below the understory is a shrub layer. ○ Carpeting the forest floor is the herb layer made up of wildflowers, mosses, and ferns. ● Fallen leaves, twigs, and dried plants cover the ground, decompose, and help add nutrients to the topsoil

● The temperate rainforest features minimal seasonal fluctuation of temperature: the winters are mild and the summers cool. ● Condensation from coastal fogs also adds to the dampness. ● The soil is poor in nutrients. ● A nurse log is a fallen tree which, as it decays, provides ecological facilitation to seedlings.

● Underwater leaves and stems are flexible ● Some plants have air spaces in their stems ● Submerged plants absorb water, nutrients and dissolved gases through the leaves directly from the water. ● Roots and root hairs reduced or absent ● Some plants have leaves that floats atop the water ● In floating plants chlorophyll is restricted to upper surface of leaves (part that the sunlight will hit) ● Some plants produce seeds that can float

● Very dry and often hot ● Rain often comes all at the same time. ● The rest of the year is very dry. ● Lots of direct sunlight shining on the plants. ● Soil is often sandy or rocky and unable to hold much water. ● Winds are often strong, and dry out plants. ● Plants are exposed to extreme temperatures and drought conditions. ● Plants must cope with extensive water loss.

● Wildflowers grow on forest floor early in the spring ● before trees leaf-out and shade the forest floor ● Many trees are deciduous ● Most deciduous trees have thin, broad, lightweight leaves ● When the weather gets cooler, the broad leaves cause too much water loss and can be weighed down by too much snow ● Trees have thick bark to protect against cold winters

● has limited rainfall and fairly constant temperatures ● rolling grassland with isolated shrubs and trees

● shrubland with infrequent fires ● plants here are locally adapted to their unique environment