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73問 • 1年前

Акнур

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What main groups are Germanic languages classified into?

East Germanic, North Germanic, and West Germanic.

Which period is called Old English in the history of the language?

450–1150 AD

What are the motivations for changes in the history of the language?

Social, political, cultural, and economic factors

How many groups did Germanic tribes consist of in the 1st century A.D. according to Pliny?

Who characterized the social structure of the world Germanic tribes around 100 A.D. next after Pliny?

Tacitus

The information about the Teutons is based on arguments by

Greek and Roman authors

Who took two expeditions against the Teutons?

Gaius Marius

Who offered an explanation of exceptions to Grimm’s law in 1877?

Karl Verner

How many alphabets did the Germanic tribes use for their writings?

The earliest long manuscript of old Germanic texts is:

Codex Argenteus

What part of the Germanic territory did the Ingvaeones live in?

Coastal region of the North Sea

A powerful tribal union of Franconians was built by

Clovis I

What separate dialects was Old Norse divided into?

Old East Norse and Old West Norse

What was a collection of epic songs of Old Icelandic?

Edda

Who were the first Germans to become Christians?

Goths

Old English and Old Saxon were spoken by:

Anglo-Saxon tribes

When and where did the West Germanic tribes start out their great migrations?

4th and 5th centuries AD, from regions in present-day Germany and Denmark

What ancestor language did the Germanic languages originate from?

Proto-Germanic

When did Proto-Germanic become a separate language?

Around 500 B.C.

When and how was the Proto-Germanic language recreated?

19th century, through comparative reconstruction

What Germanic tribe settled Scandinavia?

Norse tribe

When and why did the Germanic tribes borrow the Latin alphabet?

6th century, after conversion to Christianity

Where is the Dutch language spoken?

The Netherlands and parts of Belgium

What was the stress position in Non-Germanic languages?

Free or varied

When and how did Jacob Grimm create the changes of consonants in Proto-Germanic language?

1822, formulated Grimm’s Law

Who discovered a series of consonant changes in the late 19th century in Proto-Germanic languages?

Karl Verner

What phenomenon does vowel gradation contain in Indo-European languages?

Changes in vowel sounds (ablaut or apophony)

Who settled in Britain from Spain and when did they begin to arrive?

Celts, as early as 600 B.C.

How many Celtic tribes were there that settled in the British Isles and who were they?

Several tribes including Britons and Gaels

When and why was the Roman army called back from Britain?

410 A.D., due to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire

Who proposed the division of the history of English according to the state of unstressed endings?

Otto Jespersen

How many separate kingdoms did Germanic tribes form when they conquered Britain?

Seven

The decisive victory in the struggle between those kingdoms came to an end in 828 under:

King Egbert of Wessex

What was the capital of England in 828?

Winchester

Who wrote the first history of England?

The Venerable Bede

What territory of Britain did the Saxons and Angles occupy during the Anglo-Saxon conquest?

Southern and eastern Britain

Who were in the majority in Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall during the Anglo-Saxon conquest?

Celtic tribes

What conditions were the West Germanic tongues influenced by in the OE transitional period?

Latin and Old Norse

How is the Scandinavian conquest described in the history of England?

As the Viking Age

How long did the struggle between the English and the Scandinavians last?

From 787 to 1066

What dialects were integrated by the Scandinavian element in the 12th and 13th centuries?

Northern and eastern dialects

How long did Scandinavian power in England last?

Until 1066

Who was the ruler of the Old English nobility when Scandinavian power was overthrown?

King Edward the Confessor

What did the Scandinavian element “thorp” denote?

A small village or settlement

What was the yearbook of events in English history starting in 787?

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

What dialect were the ‘Franks’ Casket,’ ‘Ruthwell Cross,’ Bede’s ‘Dying Song,’ and Caedmon’s ‘Hymn’ represented by?

Northumbrian

What dialect was the ‘Vespasian Psalter’ (8th century) represented by?

Mercian

When and who sent a mission to England to spread Christianity among the Germanic conquerors?

Pope Gregory I, in 597

As a result of new ties with Rome, Latin was introduced in England as the language of:

The Church and learning

When did Indo-European tribes come to Europe?

Around 3000-2500 B.C.

How many main dialects were there in Old English (OE)?

four(Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon, and Kentish.)

The oldest extant epic poem of the OE period is:

Beowulf

Who occupied the whole of English territory north of the Thames in the late 9th century?

Danes

Who became ruler of England in 1016?

King Canute (Cnut)

When did King Edward the Confessor die?

1066

The outer history of the language refers to:

External factors like invasions and cultural changes

The inner history of the language refers to:

Changes in grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary

When did the history of the English language begin?

5th century AD, with the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons

The first history book, “The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,” was compiled by order of the king:

Alfred the Great

The change from Middle English to Early Modern English occurred:

Around the 15th century, due to the printing press and the Renaissance

What principles was Rastorguyeva’s periodization of the history of English based on, except for historical events affecting the language?

Linguistic changes

What historical event marked the beginning of the Early Middle English period?

The Norman Conquest in 1066

How did Rastorguyeva describe the Early New English period (1476-1660)?

As a time of linguistic standardization and changes

How did Profs Arakin and Ilyish describe the New English period (16th-20th centuries)?

As one of global expansion and influence

Which period do the 19th and 20th centuries represent in the history of English?

Modern English period

The first English printing office was founded by:

William Caxton

The Old English vocabulary can be divided into:

Native words, borrowings, and coined words

English belongs to which branch of the Indo-European language family?

The Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.

When did the Romans under Julius Caesar land in Britain?

55 B.C.

Who were the first inhabitants of Britain?

Celts

Scandinavian invasion into England had begun as early as:

793 AD, with Viking raids

Who ruled the country after the Norman Conquest?

William the Conqueror and the Normans

Who wrote that the Teutons were nomads?

Posidonius

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問題一覧

What main groups are Germanic languages classified into?

East Germanic, North Germanic, and West Germanic.

Which period is called Old English in the history of the language?

450–1150 AD

What are the motivations for changes in the history of the language?

Social, political, cultural, and economic factors

How many groups did Germanic tribes consist of in the 1st century A.D. according to Pliny?

Who characterized the social structure of the world Germanic tribes around 100 A.D. next after Pliny?

Tacitus

The information about the Teutons is based on arguments by

Greek and Roman authors

Who took two expeditions against the Teutons?

Gaius Marius

Who offered an explanation of exceptions to Grimm’s law in 1877?

Karl Verner

How many alphabets did the Germanic tribes use for their writings?

The earliest long manuscript of old Germanic texts is:

Codex Argenteus

What part of the Germanic territory did the Ingvaeones live in?

Coastal region of the North Sea

A powerful tribal union of Franconians was built by

Clovis I

What separate dialects was Old Norse divided into?

Old East Norse and Old West Norse

What was a collection of epic songs of Old Icelandic?

Edda

Who were the first Germans to become Christians?

Goths

Old English and Old Saxon were spoken by:

Anglo-Saxon tribes

When and where did the West Germanic tribes start out their great migrations?

4th and 5th centuries AD, from regions in present-day Germany and Denmark

What ancestor language did the Germanic languages originate from?

Proto-Germanic

When did Proto-Germanic become a separate language?

Around 500 B.C.

When and how was the Proto-Germanic language recreated?

19th century, through comparative reconstruction

What Germanic tribe settled Scandinavia?

Norse tribe

When and why did the Germanic tribes borrow the Latin alphabet?

6th century, after conversion to Christianity

Where is the Dutch language spoken?

The Netherlands and parts of Belgium

What was the stress position in Non-Germanic languages?

Free or varied

When and how did Jacob Grimm create the changes of consonants in Proto-Germanic language?

1822, formulated Grimm’s Law

Who discovered a series of consonant changes in the late 19th century in Proto-Germanic languages?

Karl Verner

What phenomenon does vowel gradation contain in Indo-European languages?

Changes in vowel sounds (ablaut or apophony)

Who settled in Britain from Spain and when did they begin to arrive?

Celts, as early as 600 B.C.

How many Celtic tribes were there that settled in the British Isles and who were they?

Several tribes including Britons and Gaels

When and why was the Roman army called back from Britain?

410 A.D., due to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire

Who proposed the division of the history of English according to the state of unstressed endings?

Otto Jespersen

How many separate kingdoms did Germanic tribes form when they conquered Britain?

Seven

The decisive victory in the struggle between those kingdoms came to an end in 828 under:

King Egbert of Wessex

What was the capital of England in 828?

Winchester

Who wrote the first history of England?

The Venerable Bede

What territory of Britain did the Saxons and Angles occupy during the Anglo-Saxon conquest?

Southern and eastern Britain

Who were in the majority in Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall during the Anglo-Saxon conquest?

Celtic tribes

What conditions were the West Germanic tongues influenced by in the OE transitional period?

Latin and Old Norse

How is the Scandinavian conquest described in the history of England?

As the Viking Age

How long did the struggle between the English and the Scandinavians last?

From 787 to 1066

What dialects were integrated by the Scandinavian element in the 12th and 13th centuries?

Northern and eastern dialects

How long did Scandinavian power in England last?

Until 1066

Who was the ruler of the Old English nobility when Scandinavian power was overthrown?

King Edward the Confessor

What did the Scandinavian element “thorp” denote?

A small village or settlement

What was the yearbook of events in English history starting in 787?

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

What dialect were the ‘Franks’ Casket,’ ‘Ruthwell Cross,’ Bede’s ‘Dying Song,’ and Caedmon’s ‘Hymn’ represented by?

Northumbrian

What dialect was the ‘Vespasian Psalter’ (8th century) represented by?

Mercian

When and who sent a mission to England to spread Christianity among the Germanic conquerors?

Pope Gregory I, in 597

As a result of new ties with Rome, Latin was introduced in England as the language of:

The Church and learning

When did Indo-European tribes come to Europe?

Around 3000-2500 B.C.

How many main dialects were there in Old English (OE)?

four(Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon, and Kentish.)

The oldest extant epic poem of the OE period is:

Beowulf

Who occupied the whole of English territory north of the Thames in the late 9th century?

Danes

Who became ruler of England in 1016?

King Canute (Cnut)

When did King Edward the Confessor die?

1066

The outer history of the language refers to:

External factors like invasions and cultural changes

The inner history of the language refers to:

Changes in grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary

When did the history of the English language begin?

5th century AD, with the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons

The first history book, “The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,” was compiled by order of the king:

Alfred the Great

The change from Middle English to Early Modern English occurred:

Around the 15th century, due to the printing press and the Renaissance

What principles was Rastorguyeva’s periodization of the history of English based on, except for historical events affecting the language?

Linguistic changes

What historical event marked the beginning of the Early Middle English period?

The Norman Conquest in 1066

How did Rastorguyeva describe the Early New English period (1476-1660)?

As a time of linguistic standardization and changes

How did Profs Arakin and Ilyish describe the New English period (16th-20th centuries)?

As one of global expansion and influence

Which period do the 19th and 20th centuries represent in the history of English?

Modern English period

The first English printing office was founded by:

William Caxton

The Old English vocabulary can be divided into:

Native words, borrowings, and coined words

English belongs to which branch of the Indo-European language family?

The Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.

When did the Romans under Julius Caesar land in Britain?

55 B.C.

Who were the first inhabitants of Britain?

Celts

Scandinavian invasion into England had begun as early as:

793 AD, with Viking raids

Who ruled the country after the Norman Conquest?

William the Conqueror and the Normans

Who wrote that the Teutons were nomads?

Posidonius