A manager who focuses on being effective will likely also be efficient, but a manager who focuses on being efficient may or may not be effective. Select one: • a. True • b. False

A market penetration strategy involves boosting sales of present products by more aggressive selling in the firm's current Select one' • a. True • b. False

Critical Thinking Question: Choose the BEST answer. Kohler makes and markets familiar kitchen and bathroom fixtures. But Kohler also offers a breadth of other products and services, including furniture, tile and stone, and even small engines and backup power systems. It also owns resorts and spas. Kohler ties this diverse product portfolio together under the mission of "contributing to a higher level of gracious living for those who are touched by our products and services." Kohler's overall objective is to build profitable customer relationships by developing efficient yet beautiful products that embrace the "essence of gracious living." Suppose that Kohler is deciding whether to create a line of self-installed kitchen and bathroom fixtures. In what wav would Kohlers detinition of its mission lead it to make a different decision than it would make it it had no detined mission and merely attempted to follow widely accepted business practices? Select one. • a. Kohler would create the new line of fixtures if the expected profits were higher than products that could more reasonably fit under its definition of "gracious living." • b. Kohler would focus on the customers underlying needs instead of their demand for existing Kohler products. • c. Kohler would not produce the new line of fixtures if it determined that doing so would not fit with its definition of "gracious living. • d. Kohler would alter its conception of "gracious living" to include activities such as installing kitchen and bathroom fixtures. • e. Kohler would pursue opportunities that are very different from the areas in which it has competed successfully.

Critical Thinking Question: Choose the BEST answer. Since the mid-1980s, Disney's strategic planning group turned the company into a huge and diverse collection of media and entertainment businesses. The sprawling Disney grew to include evervthing from theme resorts and film studios to media networks to consumer products and a cruise line. The newly transformed Disney proved hard to manage and performed unevenly. Recently, Disney disbanded the centralized strategic planning unit, decentralizing its functions to Disney division managers. Since then, Disney's management has helped it perform strongly in a competitive marketplace. Suppose that one of Disney's business units is a chain of sound studios. The studios have low profit potential. and the chain commands a relatively small share of the market. On these grounds. Disney is considering whether to sell the chain. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly suggest that Disney should keep the chain instead? Select one: • a. The chain has penetrated the market in coastal areas but not inland areas. • b. Other Disney companies use the chain's studios for a wide variety of projects, resulting in significant cost savings for Disney. • C. The chain uses the most up-to-date technoloav in its sound studios. • d. The chain staffing levels are comparable to those of similar companies in the industry. • e. The chain has reduced its operating loss in each of the last three years.

In a SWOT analysis, strengths and weaknesses are factors that are_______to the firm, while opportunities and threats are factors that are______to the tirm. Select one: • a. internal; external • b. central; peripheral • c. external; internal • d. relevan; irrelevant • e. irrelevant; relevant

Just as every individual has a unique personality, every company has a unique corporate culture. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Operations managers are typically responsible for production, inventory, and quality control. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Organizational politics refers to the support by business firms of political candidates that agree with the firm's position on a variety of economic issues Select one: • a. True • b. False

Rachelle is one of the managers responsible for hiring, training, evaluation, and compensation of employees. She is a(n)______manager. Select one: • a. human resource • b. tinancial • c. operations • d. research and development • e. information

調査によると、SMART目標を設定しているマネージャーは、SMART目標を設定していないマネージャーよりも仕事の満足度が高いことが示されています。 次のいずれかを選択します。 • a. False • b. True

Strategy formulation involves, in order, Select one: • a. (1) analyzing the organization and its environment, (2) matching the organization and its environment, and (3) setting strategic goals. • b. (1) creating a mission statement, (2) setting strategic goals, and (3) analyzing the organization and its environment. • c. (1) setting strategic goals, (2) analyzing the organization and its environment, and (3) creating a mission statement. • d. (1) setting strategic goals, (2) analyzing the organization and its environment, and (3) matching the organization and its environment. • e. (1) creating a mission statement, (2) analyzing the organization and its environment, and (3) setting strategic goals.

Technical skills are especially important for Select one: • a. company presidents. • b. middle- level managers. • c. top-level manaders • d. first-line managers. • e. members of the board of directors

The basic management skill that is demonstrated in one's ability to think in the abstract and to see beyond the present situation is______skill. Select one: • a. conceptual • b. technical • c. decision-making • d. human relations • e. time-management

The final step in the strategy formulation process is matching the environmental analysis with the organization analysis in an attempt to identify specific strategies. Select one: • a. False • b. True

The president of Bob's Barbecue is reassessing his company's goals with the expectation that the company strategy will be modified. He is involved in Select one: • a. directing • b. staffing • c. planning. • d. organizing. • e. controlling

Vertical integration means acquiring control of competitors in the same or similar markets with the same or similar products. Select one. • a. False • b. True

What does the term "escalation of commitment" mean? Select one: • a. As a project proceeds toward successful completion, managers make an increased commitment to doing a good job • b. As a project proceeds, managers become increasingly committed to it even if there is evidence that it is not working out as planned • c. It reters to how much a manager is willing to gamble when making decisions • d. The actions that managers take as they try to get the outcomes they desire • e. None of these

When Maple Leaf Foods had to deal with the problem of listeria contamination at one of its plants, this was an example of contingency planning. Select one: a. False b. True

Which of the following best captures the difference between efficiency and effectiveness? Select one: • a. Efficiency means working as fast as possible without regard to product quality, while effectiveness means working more carefully and paying attention to quality. • b. Efficiency means doing things right, while effectiveness means doing the right things. • c. Eificiency means maximizing output, while effectiveness means maximizing profit. • d. Efficiency means doing what production wants, while effectiveness means doing what marketing wants • e. Efficiency means doing what the company's engineers want, while effectiveness means doing what consumers want.

Which of the following best describes a mission? Select one: • a. The shared experiences, stories, beliefs, and norms that characterize an organization • b. An objective that a business hopes and plans to achieve • C. A broad set of organizational plans for implementing decisIons made for achieving organizational goals • d. An organizations compertive standing in the marketplace • e. An organization's statement of how it will achieve its purpose in the environment in which it conducts business

A _______organization focuses on employee development and continually transforming itself to respond to changing demands and needs. Select one: • a. leam • b. learning • c. boundaryless • d. broiect • e. virtual

Acme Oil Company has three divisions: Exploration, Extraction, and Refining. This is an example of process departmentalization. Select one: • a. True • b. Frase

All-Canadian Burger is a nationwide fast food chain that competes with McDonald's, Burger King, and Wendy's. Management at All-Canadian Burger is debating whether to have a more centralized or a more decentralized organizational structure. Which of the following questions would different All-Canadian Burger restaurants be most likely to answer differently? Select one: • a. What color should All-Canadian Burger restaurants be? • b. What are the core values of All-Canadian Burger? • C. What price should All-Canadian Burger charge for its products? • d. What policies should be put in place to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace? • e. What ingredients should be used when making the food products that made All-Canadian's Burger famous?

Boundaryless and virtual organizations both function without traditional boundaries. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Businesses spend time developing organization charts because Select one: • a. charts portray the firm's structure and the relationship of employees within the organization. • b. a chart determines which jobs need to be accomplished and who will perform them. • c. charts are a valuable tool for companies that are involved in the research and development of new products. • d. charts are useful when planning marketing campaigns. • e. all of these

Centralized organizations usually have wide spans of control with a lot of delegation taking place. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Flat organizational structures are usually associated with centralized decision making. Select one: • a. True • b. False

In a Disney animated feature, the job of one cartoonist may be to draw the face of a single character throughout the feature. This is an example of Select one' • a. mission enhancement. • b. segmentation. • C. departmentalization. • d. group tasks. • e. job specialization.

Interstate Insurance is looking to upgrade the company's information technology. Information technology is used for a variety of purposes, so the company needs to prioritize its needs and find out in what areas the company needs to improve its information technology. Interstate's marketing director thinks that the company's data mining ability should be upgraded. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen his position? Select one. • a. Interstate executives want to use decision support systems to test business models. • b. Interstate uses VSAT communications to relay confidential information among its various branches. • c. Interstate's various branches do a lot of electronic conferencing with one another. • d. Customers complain that the company's website is too difficult to use • e. Interstate's rate of new customer acquisition has steadily declined over the last two years.

Organizational structure refers to the specification of the jobs to be done within a business and how those jobs relate to one another. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Pickle maker Vlasic has separate departments to transform cucumbers into fresh-packed pickles, pickles cured in brine, and relishes. They have chosen departmentalization by Select one: • a. customer. • b. Tunction. • c. process. • d. geography. • e. product.

Roger is analyzing the jobs to be done in his company, their specific overall purpose, and how the jobs relate to each other. Roger is analyzing the company's Select one: • a. job descriptions. • b. organizational chart. • c. organizational structure. • d. departmentalization. • e. chain of command

Scott's management style is one where he gets his subordinates heavily involved in department activities. After assigning specific tasks, he follows up with them to be sure that they are completing the assigned activities. What is Scott's assigning of activities called? Select one' • a. Authority • b. Responsibility • c. Accountability • d. Span of control • e. Delegation

Staff departments aid line departments in making decisions but do not have the authority to make final decisions. Select one: • a True • b. Fralse

Studies of the grapevine network within organizations have shown that the rumours and gossip on the grapevine are almost always accurate, and that a prudent manager is wise to act on that information. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Team authority is generally given to top management teams, but not to operating teams Select one: • a. True • b. False

The functional organizational structure is the approach to organizational structure used by most small to medium-sized firms Select one: • a. True • b. False

The men's clothing department at Hudson's Bay is an example of a Select one: • a. functional department. • b. process department. • c. product department. • d. profit centre. • e. matrix structure.

What type of authority flows up and down the chain of command? Select one: • a. Team authority • b. Reverse vertical authority • c. Specialists authority • d. Line authority • e. Staff authority

When Ford executives announced changes intended to eliminate corporate bureaucracy, speed decision making, and improve communication and working relationships among people at different levels of the organization, these changes were examples of the _______function of management. Select one: • a. organizing • b. planning • c. directing • d. controllina • e. none of these

A critical incident is an example of especially good or poor performance on the part of an employee. Select one: • a. Face • b. True

A profit-sharing plan means that employees receive a bonus when they reduce costs. Select one' • a. True • b. Fase

Adam, the manager of sewing production, has been asked to rank-order his team from top to bottom. This is an example of what type of ranking method? Select one' • a. High-low feedback • b. Top-down order ranking • c. Graphic rating • d. Forced distribution • e. Simple ranking

After negotiations failed, Acme Baskets, Inc. may choose to use a(n)_____to prevent union employees from coming to work. Select one' • a. economic strike • b. stop work order • c strikebreaker • d. boycott • e. lockout

Asking a prospective employee a question like "Tell me about a situation where you took the initiative" would happen when the______approach is being used. Select one: • a. behaviour-based interviewing • b. testing • c. aptitude testing • d. curveball • e. ascessment centre

Elsie, a pilot, is using a simulator to learn how to fly a new jet without ever leaving the ground. In order to learn this new skill set, Elsie is using Select one: • a. job shadowing. • b. job expansion • c. job rotation. • d. vestibule training. • e. on-the-job training.

Generally speaking, external recruitment is more effective than internal recruiting. Select one: • a. True • b. False

If a fitness centre hires only women to supervise the women's locker room, it can do so without being discriminatory because Select one: • a. aftirmative action • b. anti-discrimination laws • C. The Canadian Human Rights Act of 1977. • d. the bona fide occupational requirement concept. • e. comparable worn.

In a union shop, an employer may hire non-union workers even if the employer's current employees are unionized. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Jane, a supervisor, has offered George, a subordinate, a raise and promotion in exchange for a sexual relationship. This is an example of_____ harassment. Select one • a. affirmative action • b. quid pro quo • c. reverse discrimination • d. employment-at-will • e. hostile work environment

John Roarke, a manager, makes the following statement: "To measure the effects of our educational programs designed to stop sexual harassment at our workplace, we recently conducted a survey asking employees about their attitudes and the behaviour of the people around them. The survey, conducted after the programs, showed no improvement in either attitudes or behaviour. Obviously, then, the survey was conducted improperly." Which of the following is assumed by Roarke's argument? Select one' • a. The effects of the educational programs in changing attitudes were greater than they were in changing behaviour. • b. Every employee would benefit from some training in stopping sexual harassment. • c. The educational programs were the most effective programs that could have been offered. • d. The attitudes and behaviour of the organization's employees were worse than those of most employees in the industry. •e. The educational programs had a significant effect on either attitudes, behaviour, or both.

Mary's male co-workers routinely make off-colour jokes and display calendars of scantily clad women. This is an example of_____harassment. Select one: • a. attirmative action • b. "boys-will-be-boys" • c. hostile work environment • d. reverse discrimination • e. quid pro quo

Santora: The steps this organization has taken to remedy years of discriminatory practices are clearly insufficient. Granted, there has been some progress in hiring entry-level personnel. The organization's first minority employees were hired one year ago. Still, there is not one minority anywhere in upper management. This failure clearly demonstrates the organization's lack of commitment to diversity. Which of the following, it true, would strengthen Santora's argument? Select one: • a. Very few minorities were chosen for the leadership training program offered to promising entry-level employees. • b. The organization expects greater growth in its product offerings than in its service offerings. • c. Very few minority employees would have been hired under the organization's leadership at the time the organization was tounded • d. The organization has a large number of employees but only a small number of upper-management positions. • e. Very few minority candidates live within commuting distance of the organization's oftices.

The replacement chart identifies those managers who are performing poorly and need to be replaced. Select one: • a. True • b. False

The term "bona fide occupational requirement" means that an employer can choose one worker over another based on overriding characteristics of the job. Select one' • a. True • b. False

Vestibule training is an instructional-based program in which a trainer presents material in a descriptive fashion to those attending a trainee program. Select one: • a. True • b. False

When an employee is paid a certain amount of money for every unit produced, this is a Select one' • a. salarv broaram. • b. wade program. • c. piece-rate incentive program. • d. pay-for-performance • e. job evaluation

Which of the following statements about collective bargaining is false? Select one: • a. It involves the ongoing process of administering existing agreements. • b. It involves union representatives and emplover representatives • c. It is the process of negotiating labour agreements. • d. A contract is usually arrived at through the process of arbitration. • e. It begins with the recognition of the union as the exclusive negotiator for its members.

Wildcat strikes deprive workers of their status as employees and thus of the protection of labour laws. Select one: • a .False • b. True

Workforce diversity refers to the range of workers' attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviours that differ by gender, race, ethnicity, age, and physical abilities. Select one: • a. False • b. True

A psychological contract is a person's set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return. Select one' • a. True • b. False

Bill Tarnofsky makes the following statement: "We must become more flexible if we are to meet our personnel needs and maximize efficiency. In the past, we simply hired as many full-time employees as we thought we needed. But this focus has caused us to lose many valuable employees. We should offer flextime and job sharing options to help us keep and attract talented employees. "Margaret Robin responds by saying: "Alternatives to traditional job design approaches can lead to significant cost savings. Next year we are expected to have 500 more employees than our current facility allows, but my analysis reveals that 600 of our employees could telecommute. Therefore, we can avoid costly actions such as moving our offices or building extensions if these workers became telecommuters. Job sharing can also reduce facility costs as well as payroll costs. "Tarnofsky and Robin would be most likely to disagree about which of the following questions? Select one: • a. Would telecommuting likely lead to cost savings? • b. Does the organization have a moral obligation to offer flextime and job sharing options? • c. If offering a job sharing option would not reduce costs, should the organization still offer it? • d. Would the organization be better able to keep valuable employees if it offered flextime and job sharing options? • e. Are any other organizational structure decisions important for the future of the organization?

Both organizational citizenship and performance behaviours benefit organizations. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Brenda believes that people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining. What motivation theory does she subscribe to? Select one: • a. Scientific management • b. Equity theory • C. Expectancy theory • d. Two-factor theory • e. Goal-setting theory

For an individual to feel equitably treated, the input/outcome ratio must be similar to the other individual's ratio with whom he or she is comparing. Select one' • a. True • b. False

Herzberg's motivating factors include salary (pay) as one of the primary motivational factors. Select one: • a. True • b. False

In the typical flextime schedule, there are hours which the employee must be on the job and the remaining hours are up to the employee to select. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Job enrichment and job redesign programs are used to increase satisfaction by putting motivating factors into jobs when the job itself is lacking these factors. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Managers focus on plans, results, and goals, whereas leaders focus on Select one: • a. productivity. • b. profitability. • c. people. • d. sales. • e. controlling for results.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows which of the following five needs in order starting from the lowest needs? Select one: • a. Psychological, esteem, security, self-actualization, and social needs • b. Social, physiological, esteem, security, and self-actualization needs • c. Physiological, esteem, security, social, and self-actualization needs • d. Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs • e. Psychological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs

Organizations need both leadership and management if they are to be effective. Select one: • a. True • b. False

People who have high self-esteem are more likely to focus on intrinsic rewards, while people with low self-esteem are more likelv to focus on externa rewards. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Scott manages a software development group. He has asked two of his subordinates to accompany him and a prospective new employee to lunch. He wants their opinions but he will make the final decision. Scott is using the______management style. Select one' • a contingency • b. reintorcement • c. autocratic • d. free-rein • e. democratic

Self-awareness, empathy, and social skills are all part of Select one: • a. aultudes. • b. emotional intelligence. • c. personally. • d. set-esteem. • e. organizational citizenship.

Some say there are almost as many definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define the concept. Although different definitions sound similar, they have important differences. Compare and contrast these definitions, for example: Alistair: A leader is someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority. Bentham: Leaders have the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. Cooke: Leaders exercise influence and control over other members to help a group or organization achieve the organization's goals. Which of the tollowing would be a leader according to Bentham's definition of leadership but would not be a leader according to Alistair's definition of leadership? Select one: • a. A CEO who is able to shape the direction of a large organization • b. An executive who is unable to affect the actions of others due to fundamental concerns about his competence • c. A blogger with a wide audience who is effective at convincing others to adopt her political opinions • d. An isolated individual with strong opinions about the most effective ways to run a business while respecting codes of ethics • e. A middle manager who directs those under her authority to achieve the goals defined by top management

Steve is trying to increase the productivity of his workers. He decides to offer an incentive of 25 cents for each unit over the average number produced in the last 3 weeks. Steve is following the ______theory of motivation. Select one: • a. equity • b. two-factor • c. Theory X • d. classical • e. hierarchy of needs

The classical theory of motivation says that Select one: • a. workers are motivated when attention is paid to them by supervisors • b. workers are motivated almost solely by money • C. workers are motivated almost solely by status. • d. there are many different factors that contribute to motivation. • e. some factors prevent dissatisfaction and some factors contribute to satisfaction.

Which of the following statements best describes the autocratic managerial style? Select one' • a. Be direct and tell people what you expect. • b. Pay employees well and they will work hard. • c. Involve your employees in every decision. • d. The best solution will depend upon the situation. • e. Allow employees the treedom to be creative.

Which statement is accurate regarding job satisfaction? Select one: • a. High levels of job satisfaction almost always lead to higher productivity. • b. High levels of job satisfaction do not necessarily lead to higher productivity. • c. Job satisfaction is sometimes called job commitment. • d. Job satisfaction is not an attitude. • e. It is not possible to say anything about the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity.

Women tend to be more democratic when making decisions, whereas men tend to be more autocratic. Select one: • a. True • b. False

______utility deals with when a product is provided, whereas_______ utility deals with where a product is provided. Select one: • a. Time; possession • b. Place; time • c. Time: place • d. Form; time • e. Ownersnio. form

A ________diagrams steps to be performed and specifies the time required to complete each step. Select one: • a. master production schedule • b. Gantt chart • C. PERT chart • d. materials requirement planning document • e. methods improvement system

A consultant who came to study the production process at Honey Nuggets Inc. determined the accuracy of the upper and lower specitication limits by Select one: • a. a process capability study. • b. a competitive product analysis. • c. instituting a quality circles program. • d. a triangulation process. • e. developing a control chart.

A product layout is Select one • a. a spatial arrangement of production activities designed to make one type of product in a fixed sequence. • b. a spatial arrangement of production activities that groups equipment and people according to function. • c. a method for analyzing a service by showing the flow of processes that constitutes it. • d. a spatial arrangement of production facilities designed to move families of products through similar flow paths. • e. a production system in which a sinale factory uses automation to produce a wide variety of products.

A third industrial revolution is now underway which is based on new technologies, software, robots, and miniaturization. Select one: • a. True • b. False

An analytic process combines raw materials to produce a final product. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Because FedEx emphasizes its operations capabilities emphasize Select one: • a. quality; quality control procedures • b. dependability; wireless information system to track packages • c. low prices. cost control • d. flexibility; excess production capacity • e. dependability; quality control procedures

Clean Sweep Corporation is a consumer goods company manufacturing home-care cleaning products. Sales of Sparkle, its flagship disinfectant, and some of its other cleaning products have been sluggish during the last two quarters. Of late, retailers have also shown a lack of contidence in these product lines. The management is looking at different ways to improve the efficiency of its entire supply chain. Some senior executives believe that the company should shift to a just-in-time logistics system. However, this opinion does not have unanimous support. Which of the following questions is least relevant to the issue of whether the company should switch to a just-in-time logistics system? Select one: • a. Is demand for Clean Sweep's products predictable? • b. Can suppliers assure fast, frequent, and flexible delivery? • c. Is technology available to manage the logistics? • d. Do end users currently favor making the transition? • e. Does Clean Sweep have access to accurate information about customer demand?

If Toshiba buys a Xerox copier and then takes it apart to determine how well Toshiba's components perform compared to Xerox's, this is an example of Select one. • a. statistical process control. • b. competitive market researcn. • c. process capability. • d. competitive product analysis. • e. Quair ownersnio.

In ISO 9000:2000, which of the following is not required for certification? Select one: • a. Proving that the company has sound financial practices • b. Documented procedures for testing products Fixing product defects • d. Keepina records • e. lesting productsIn ISO 9000:2000, which of the following is not required for certification? Select one: • a. Proving that the company has sound financial practices • b. Documented procedures for testing products • c. Fixing product defects • d. Keepina records • e. lesting products

In planning for quality, managers must set goals for both performance quality and quality reliability. Select one: • a True • b. Flase

Lucy rides the bus to work every day. This is an example of a high-contact service process. Select one' • a. True • b. False

Operations control requires production managers to monitor production performance by comparing results with detailed plans and schedules. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Product layouts are efficient ways to manage the manufacturing of multiple product lines because of its inherent structural simplicity. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Quality means a product's fitness for use in terms of offering the features that consumers want. Select one: • a. True • b. False

Stardust 'n' Clay is a manufacturer and mass marketer of personal care products and nutritional supplements. The company plans to launch a line of organic beauty products that are made entirely from mineral pigments and organic plant extracts These products. though expensive to process. otter much higher mardins than the company's current lines of beaut products The market for organic beauty products is relatively untapped, with just a handful of players. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the case for Stardust 'n' Clay to begin developing organic beauty products? Select one: • a. Retailers report a consumer preference for inexpensive skin-care and beauty products that do a better job than the ones currently available. • b. Organic raw materials sourced from economically weak countries provide a source of livelihood for the local population. • c. Organic raw materials for such products can be sourced from developing countries at a lower cost. • d. The first mover in this industry is witnessing reasonable growth. • e. A growing number of women 18-34 consider the health impact of chemicals found in a beauty product when making a cosmetics purchase decision.

The operations transformation process involves the management of inputs that are transformed into outputs. Select one: • a. True • b. False

The use of raw materials to make, say, a washing machine is an example of the creation of form utility. Select one' • a. True • b. False

This transformation process alters the basic composition of raw materials and is used in industries like aluminum, steel, Tertilizer, petroleum. and paint. It is the Select one: • a. chemical process. • b. fabrication process. • c. transport process. • d. clerical process. • e. assemblv process.

Which of the following is correct with regard to industry productivity? Select one • a. Productivity does not vary much across different industries • b. Productivity is not important to labor unions when they are negotiating a new collective agreement, but it is important to investors. • c. Activities like web surfing, social networking, and water cooler conversations inhibit productivity. • d. Increased productivity allows companies to pay workers higher wages without raising prices to consumers. • e. All of these statements are correct