BFOB chapter 6-9,11

100問 • 2年前

問題一覧

A common tendency related to the overconfidence bias is that as managers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, they become more likely to display overconfidence.

False

A focus on utilitarianism promotes the rights of minorities.

False

Expertise is the single most important predictor of creative potential.

True

Martha submitted a formal complaint to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration about unsafe work conditions in her company's warehouse. Martha is a ________.

whistle-blower

One of the core problems that created the financial meltdown of 2008 was that large loans were made to individuals who could not repay them, and the finance companies purchased these bad debts without realizing how poor the prospects of repayment were. Which of the following decision-making errors was made by the lenders and borrowers?

overconfidence bias

Our perception of reality can be substantially different from objective reality.

True

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in which of the following decision-making errors?

escalation of commitment

Robbie and Brent are both coaches for a city youth baseball league which has recently experienced a five game losing streak. Robbie is concerned that the team is not practicing enough while Brent thinks that it is just a slump. The discrepancy within their thoughts is explained by ________.

perceptual issue

The first ethical yardstick is utilitarianism, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

True

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

False

The organizational constraints of decision making include all of the following except ________.

job design

The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the fact that all the information pertaining to the problem might not be available to the decision maker.

False

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

utilitarianism, rights, and justice

We tend to accept at face value information that confirms our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views.

True

What are the three generally accepted constructs of decision making each of us employs to make determinations?

rational decision making, bounded rationality, and intuition

When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance we are using a shortcut called the contrast effect.

False

When we make judgments about the behaviour of other people, we tend to overestimate the influence of external factors and underestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.

False

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behaviour?

An employee is late because of a flat tire.

Which of the following is the foundation for all creative work, and is thus the single most important predictor of creative potential?

expertise

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.

________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success.

Employee involvement

A local church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who earns the minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is a 45-year-old lawyer who earns well and is well-respected in her profession; she is extremely career-oriented and is proud of her achievements. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Mary is likely to focus on satisfying ________ needs.

physiological

According to Maslow, as each need becomes substantially satisfied, the next one becomes dominant.

True

According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

True

According to the two-factor theory, ________ is a motivating factor.

responsibility

Among the three key elements to define motivation, ________ measures how long a person can maintain effort.

persistence

Flextime tends to reduce absenteeism and frequently improves worker productivity.

True

Interpersonal justice refers to an individual's perception of the degree to which she is treated with dignity, concern, and respect.

True

Jessica does not believe that the methods and processes for determining salary increases in her company are fair. As per this example, Jessica believes that there is a problem with the firm's ________ justice.

procedural

Job rotation tends to increase productivity and decrease supervisory workload.

False

Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

True

People who pursue goals for extrinsic reasons are more likely to attain their goals and are happy even if they do not.

False

Self-generated feedback is a more powerful motivator than externally generated feedback.

True

Skill-based pay encourages employees to concentrate on one or two highly desirable skills.

False

The job characteristics model describes any job in terms of five core job dimensions and these five dimensions are skill variety, task significance, autonomy, reward, and feedback.

False

Which of the following statements is true regarding goals?

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation?

It decreases productivity.

While setting pay levels initially, an organization has to balance internal equity and external equity. Here, external equity indicates ________.

competitiveness of an organization's pay relative to pay elsewhere in its industry

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety?

the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that your organization has hired a recent college graduate with no experience at a higher salary than you are now making. You consider this an unfair act and resolve to do something about it. In such a situation, you will most likely ________.

reduce the quality or quantity of work

A role indicates a set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.

True

As compared to collectivist cultures, conformity to social norms is higher in individualistic cultures.

False

During the forming stage of group development, close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness.

False

During the group development process, when the storming stage is complete, there will be a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group.

True

Group decisions are generally less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the group.

True

High-status members of groups are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.

False

If a group is highly cohesive then it will be highly productive even with low performance norms.

False

If creativity is important, then individual decision making tends to be more effective than group decision making.

False

Julia, Bree, and David work in different departments but often eat lunch together. They are an example of a(n) ________ group.

informal

Julio and Waylin both work at a trendy uptown clothing store and were hired at the same time. Julio was recently promoted over Waylin (who is balding), even though Julio often misses work. Which element of status explains this occurrence?

an individual's personal characteristics

Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than an individual working alone.

False

Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto all work at Frink Electronics. After work, Tammy, Lisa, and Madaline all enjoy going to the Lux Lounge for Happy Hour. Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto constitute a(n) ________ group.

formal

Temporary groups with deadlines follow the five-stage group-development model of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

False

The phenomenon of ________ describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.

groupthink

Which of the following is not an example of a performance norm?

when an employee needs to look busy

Which of the following stages of a five-stage group-development model is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership?

forming

Which of the following statements is true regarding group decision making?

Groups generate more complete information and knowledge than individuals.

Which of the following terms indicates the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and are motivated to stay in the group?

cohesiveness

While using which of the following types of group decision-making techniques is a group more likely to experience increased groupthink?

interacting group

Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In such a situation, Zach is most likely to experience ________.

role conflict

________ teams are groups of employees who perform highly related or interdependent jobs and take on many of the responsibilities of their former supervisors.

Self-managed work

A team consists of employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving the work environment but they do not have the authority to unilaterally implement any of their suggestions. This is most likely to be a ________ team.

problem-solving

Compared to traditional departments, teams tend to be less flexible and less responsive to changing events.

False

For creating good team players, an organization's reward system must be reworked to encourage competitive efforts rather than cooperative ones.

False

One advantage of cross-functional teams is that they are easy to manage.

False

One of the dangers of teams is that ________.

team members can be swayed by fads

Teams are an effective means for management to democratize organizations and increase employee motivation.

True

Teams composed of highly agreeable people are more creative and innovative.

False

Teams should be used when tasks are interdependent.

True

Teamwork takes more time and often more resources than individual work.

True

The Boeing Company created a team made up of employees from production, planning, quality control, tooling, design engineering, and information systems to automate shims on the company's C-17 program. This team is most likely to be an example of a ________ team.

cross-functional

Virtual teams tend to be less task-oriented than face-to-face teams.

False

Which of the following helps explain the current popularity of teams? Teams ________.

better utilize employee talents

Which of the following is a key contextual factor influencing team effectiveness?

adequate resources

Which of the following statements is true regarding a work team?

Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort.

Which of the following techniques can be used for increasing the effectiveness of teams?

Training should be provided to those candidates who lack team skills.

Work groups typically generate more positive synergy than do work teams.

False

Work should be performed by an individual if ________.

the work is simple and does not require diverse input

You are a member of a team of eight individuals from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment. You are most likely a member of a self-managed work team.

False

You are vice-president of a division of a large, multinational company that makes electronic equipment for consumers and the military. Your company has several teams and there are several managers managing those teams. Joan, your director of accounting, has created a team of seven employees from the accounts payable department who meet for three hours a week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency and the work environment. This is an example of a ________ team.

problem-solving

A comprehensive review of the leadership literature, when organized around the Big Five, has found conscientiousness to be the most important trait of effective leaders.

False

A leader designated as high on initiating structure would be likely to clearly define the roles of his or her subordinates.

True

According to Fiedler's contingency model, task-oriented leaders are most effective in situations of high or low control.

True

According to research, which of the Big Five personality traits is the most important in effective leaders?

extraversion

According to the trait theories of leadership, followers attribute heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours and tend to give these leaders power.

False

All managers are effective leaders.

False

Effective followers are defined as people who tend to "manage up."

True

If followers are ________ and ________, the leader needs to use a supportive and participative style.

able; unwilling

In Fiedler's approach, if a respondent uses unfavourable terms to describe the coworker in question, the respondent can be said to be primarily task-oriented.

True

Justin Trudeau, Mary Kay Ash, and Steve Jobs are often considered examples of ________ leaders.

charismatic

Kimberley, a manager at a large company, tends to assign group members to particular tasks, expects workers to maintain definite standards of performance, and emphasizes the meeting of deadlines. In the light of the Ohio State Studies, this indicates that Kimberley, as a leader, is ________.

high in initiating structure

Neutralizers are the attributes, such as experience and training, that can replace the need for leadership behaviour.

False

Regular leadership reviews after key organizational events are especially effective for leaders who are ________.

high in conscientiousness

Servant leaders know who they are, know what they believe in, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.

False

Sharla, Thom, and Irving started working at the Golden Hotel one year ago. Though they were all hired at the same time and for the same position, Sharla is often viewed as being a leader on the team. Sharla is an example of a ________ leader.

nonsanctioned

Transactional leaders inspire followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization.

False

Which model represents the theory that effective group performance depends on the proper match between a leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader?

Fiedler's contingency model

Which of the following statements accurately describes the indigenous leadership?

Business leaders in most Indigenous communities are not only community-oriented, they are also more spiritual than leaders in traditional Western organizations.

Which of the following would best serve as evidence to support the conclusion that an individual is an authentic leader?

The leader inspires a great deal of trust in his or her followers.

100

Zenith Technologies has a very flat organizational system with few managers. Instead, it has a rigid system of clear, formalized goals, clear procedures, and cohesive work groups. In this case, the various components of the organizational system are acting as ________ to formal leadership by replacing the support and ability offered by leaders.

substitutes

BFBE chapter 6-10

BFBE chapter 6-10

BFBE chapter 11&14

BFBE chapter 11&14

BFOB chapter 1-5

BFOB chapter 1-5

BFOB chapter 12-14

BFOB chapter 12-14

BFMK chapter 1-11,13-15

Maria · 100問 · 2年前

BFMK chapter 1-11,13-15

BFBC chapter 1, 3-10

BFBC chapter 1, 3-10

BFBC chapter 14

BFBC chapter 14

BFBC 100

BFBC 100

問題一覧

A common tendency related to the overconfidence bias is that as managers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, they become more likely to display overconfidence.

False

A focus on utilitarianism promotes the rights of minorities.

False

Expertise is the single most important predictor of creative potential.

True

Martha submitted a formal complaint to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration about unsafe work conditions in her company's warehouse. Martha is a ________.

whistle-blower

overconfidence bias

Our perception of reality can be substantially different from objective reality.

True

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in which of the following decision-making errors?

escalation of commitment

perceptual issue

The first ethical yardstick is utilitarianism, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

True

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

False

The organizational constraints of decision making include all of the following except ________.

job design

The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the fact that all the information pertaining to the problem might not be available to the decision maker.

False

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

utilitarianism, rights, and justice

We tend to accept at face value information that confirms our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views.

True

What are the three generally accepted constructs of decision making each of us employs to make determinations?

rational decision making, bounded rationality, and intuition

When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance we are using a shortcut called the contrast effect.

False

When we make judgments about the behaviour of other people, we tend to overestimate the influence of external factors and underestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.

False

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behaviour?

An employee is late because of a flat tire.

Which of the following is the foundation for all creative work, and is thus the single most important predictor of creative potential?

expertise

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.

________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success.

Employee involvement

physiological

According to Maslow, as each need becomes substantially satisfied, the next one becomes dominant.

True

According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

True

According to the two-factor theory, ________ is a motivating factor.

responsibility

Among the three key elements to define motivation, ________ measures how long a person can maintain effort.

persistence

Flextime tends to reduce absenteeism and frequently improves worker productivity.

True

Interpersonal justice refers to an individual's perception of the degree to which she is treated with dignity, concern, and respect.

True

procedural

Job rotation tends to increase productivity and decrease supervisory workload.

False

Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

True

People who pursue goals for extrinsic reasons are more likely to attain their goals and are happy even if they do not.

False

Self-generated feedback is a more powerful motivator than externally generated feedback.

True

Skill-based pay encourages employees to concentrate on one or two highly desirable skills.

False

The job characteristics model describes any job in terms of five core job dimensions and these five dimensions are skill variety, task significance, autonomy, reward, and feedback.

False

Which of the following statements is true regarding goals?

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation?

It decreases productivity.

While setting pay levels initially, an organization has to balance internal equity and external equity. Here, external equity indicates ________.

competitiveness of an organization's pay relative to pay elsewhere in its industry

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety?

the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

reduce the quality or quantity of work

A role indicates a set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.

True

As compared to collectivist cultures, conformity to social norms is higher in individualistic cultures.

False

During the forming stage of group development, close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness.

False

During the group development process, when the storming stage is complete, there will be a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group.

True

Group decisions are generally less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the group.

True

High-status members of groups are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.

False

If a group is highly cohesive then it will be highly productive even with low performance norms.

False

If creativity is important, then individual decision making tends to be more effective than group decision making.

False

Julia, Bree, and David work in different departments but often eat lunch together. They are an example of a(n) ________ group.

informal

an individual's personal characteristics

Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than an individual working alone.

False

formal

Temporary groups with deadlines follow the five-stage group-development model of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

False

The phenomenon of ________ describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.

groupthink

Which of the following is not an example of a performance norm?

when an employee needs to look busy

Which of the following stages of a five-stage group-development model is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership?

forming

Which of the following statements is true regarding group decision making?

Groups generate more complete information and knowledge than individuals.

Which of the following terms indicates the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and are motivated to stay in the group?

cohesiveness

While using which of the following types of group decision-making techniques is a group more likely to experience increased groupthink?

interacting group

role conflict

________ teams are groups of employees who perform highly related or interdependent jobs and take on many of the responsibilities of their former supervisors.

Self-managed work

problem-solving

Compared to traditional departments, teams tend to be less flexible and less responsive to changing events.

False

For creating good team players, an organization's reward system must be reworked to encourage competitive efforts rather than cooperative ones.

False

One advantage of cross-functional teams is that they are easy to manage.

False

One of the dangers of teams is that ________.

team members can be swayed by fads

Teams are an effective means for management to democratize organizations and increase employee motivation.

True

Teams composed of highly agreeable people are more creative and innovative.

False

Teams should be used when tasks are interdependent.

True

Teamwork takes more time and often more resources than individual work.

True

cross-functional

Virtual teams tend to be less task-oriented than face-to-face teams.

False

Which of the following helps explain the current popularity of teams? Teams ________.

better utilize employee talents

Which of the following is a key contextual factor influencing team effectiveness?

adequate resources

Which of the following statements is true regarding a work team?

Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort.

Which of the following techniques can be used for increasing the effectiveness of teams?

Training should be provided to those candidates who lack team skills.

Work groups typically generate more positive synergy than do work teams.

False

Work should be performed by an individual if ________.

the work is simple and does not require diverse input

False

problem-solving

A comprehensive review of the leadership literature, when organized around the Big Five, has found conscientiousness to be the most important trait of effective leaders.

False

A leader designated as high on initiating structure would be likely to clearly define the roles of his or her subordinates.

True

According to Fiedler's contingency model, task-oriented leaders are most effective in situations of high or low control.

True

According to research, which of the Big Five personality traits is the most important in effective leaders?

extraversion

According to the trait theories of leadership, followers attribute heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours and tend to give these leaders power.

False

All managers are effective leaders.

False

Effective followers are defined as people who tend to "manage up."

True

If followers are ________ and ________, the leader needs to use a supportive and participative style.

able; unwilling

In Fiedler's approach, if a respondent uses unfavourable terms to describe the coworker in question, the respondent can be said to be primarily task-oriented.

True

Justin Trudeau, Mary Kay Ash, and Steve Jobs are often considered examples of ________ leaders.

charismatic

high in initiating structure

Neutralizers are the attributes, such as experience and training, that can replace the need for leadership behaviour.

False

Regular leadership reviews after key organizational events are especially effective for leaders who are ________.

high in conscientiousness

Servant leaders know who they are, know what they believe in, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.

False

nonsanctioned

Transactional leaders inspire followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization.

False

Which model represents the theory that effective group performance depends on the proper match between a leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader?

Fiedler's contingency model

Which of the following statements accurately describes the indigenous leadership?

Business leaders in most Indigenous communities are not only community-oriented, they are also more spiritual than leaders in traditional Western organizations.

Which of the following would best serve as evidence to support the conclusion that an individual is an authentic leader?

The leader inspires a great deal of trust in his or her followers.

100

substitutes