biyokimya 170

Arda Emre HAN · 76問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Which enzyme is regulatory for the gluconeogenesis?

glucokinase

Select enzymes that regulate glycólysis

phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

Indicate the substances that inhibit the process of glycolysis. 1) ATP 2) NADH+H+ 3) Glucose-1-phosphate 4) AMP 5) ADP

1,2

Which organs are involved in carbohydrate digestion? 1. Oral cavity 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Pancreas 5. Small intestine 6. Liver

1,4,5

Select true sequence of absorption monosaccharides

galactose>glucose>fructose>mannose>xylose

Where is found main part of glycogen of blood ?

in the leucocites

Which substances are determined at diabetes mellitus? 1. Uric acid 2. Glucose 3. Urea 4. Glycosylated hemoglobin 5. Protein

2,4

Which of the intermediate products of glycolysis is characteristic only for erythrocytes?

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

Which type of ion is involved in moving glucose and amino acids across cell membran and in which way?

Na+, symport

In the reaction Glucose-6-phosphate → Glucose, determine enzyme and organ where it is found:

Glucose-6-phosphatase - liver

Which pairs of the enzymes that catalyze the same irreversible reactions glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

hexokinase - glucokinase

Select enzymes participating in pentose phosphate pathway: 1. Transketolase 2. Enolase 3. Pyruvate kinase 4. Aldolase 5. Phosphoglycerate kinase 6. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase

1,6

In which process is formed NADPH2 for the synthesis of fatty acids ?

pentose phosphate pathway

Organic compounds of saliva are:

glucose, lactic acid, pyruvate, citric acid

Activator of gluconeogenesis is

acetyl CoA

Correct statement for PPP ?

it forms NADPH2 and pentoses

What is not the cause of ketonemia at diabetes mellitus?

increase of glucose in the tissues and increased synthesis of the lipids in the fat depots

What enzymes are coenzymes of TPP?

transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Which amino acids can be converted to glucose?

alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid

Select enzyme and substrates X and Y in the reaction X+ xylulose-5-phosphate→Y+3-phosphoglyceraldehyde. ENZYME X. Y

transketolase erythrose-4-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate

Specify the characteristics of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. I. It is accompanied by the formation of ketone bodies II. It is regulated by ATP/ADP ratio III. It is accompanied by glucose degradation IV. It is accompanied by glucose synthesis 1. only glycolysis 2. only gluconeogenesis 3. both processes 4. no one process

I - 2; II - 3; III - 1 IV - 2

What gland is affected by hypoglycemia?

thyroid, glands, adenohypophysis, adrenal cortical substance

what enzymes are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates from the pancreas? 1. amylase 2. maltase 3. sucrase 4. amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase

1,4

A result of deficiency of which enzyme is Gierke’s disease?

glucose-6-phospahatase

Where are the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway located?

in the cytosol

Which of the intermediate products of glycolysis is typical in red blood cells?

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

Which of the hydrolytic enzymes is not synthesised in pancreas?

maltase

Which enzymes prevent hemolytic anemia in red blood cells?

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase

Which enzyme is present in saliva What is its function?

salivary α- -amylase ; digestion of starch

How many ATP, NADH+H+ are formed in anaerobic glycolysis (take into account the consumption of ATP)?

2ATF; 2NADH+H+

Which of the reaction is catalysed by glucose-6-phosphatase?

glucose-6-phosphate + H2O → glucose + H3PO4

An enzyme, that can’t cleave α--1,4-glucoside bonds:

sucrase

Enzymes that catalyse same irreversible reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis respectively are:

phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase

Select the enzymes that catalyzes the same reaction of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis:

phosphoglycerate-kinase

Which cases is observed pathological hyperglycaemia in? 1. Hypofunction of Langerhans islets β-cells 2. Hyperfunction of Langerhans islets α-cells 3. Hypofunction of neurohypophysis 4. Decrease in insulin secretion

1,4

deficiency hepatic enzyme fructokinase causes

fructosuria

Which foffolloing are true regarding digestion of disaccharides: 1. They don’t change in the stomach 2. The enzymes digesting them occur only in pancreas 3. Waller digestion is characteristic for them 4. Hydrolysation products enter enterocytes at once

1,3,4

Deficiency of which enzyme leads to lack of gluconeogenesis in the muscle?

glucose-6-phosphatase

Select the process that takes place during the digestion of carbohydrates: 1. the polysaccharides are decomposed to monosaccharides 2. the polysaccharides are decomposed by α--amylase to maltose 3. disaccharides are decomposed to monosaccharides 4. monosaccharides are absorbed by active suction process 5. they are absorbed in oral cavity

2,3,4

Which statement is wrong for glycogen breakdown?

it occurs in skeletal muscles by the action of glucagon

Select reaction showing stage of glycolytic oxido-reduction:

3- phosphoglyceraldehyde → lactate

Select allosteric inhibitors of phosphofructokinase:

ATP, NADH2

What is the process of regenerating NAD+ anaerobically called?

glycolytic oxido-reduction

Select the biological role of NADPH2 formed in pentose phosphate patway.

it is a hydrogen donor in cholesterol and fatty acids synthesis

Select enzyme deficiency which leads to hemolysis of red blood cells.

glutathione reductase

Enzymes hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, gluconolactonase participate in the biochemical process:

pentose phosphate pathway

Which enzymes is regulatory for the gluconeogenesis?

glucokinase

Which biochemical process belong enzymes phosphoglyceromutase, phosphoglycerate-kinase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase to?

glycolysis

Which reaction is irreversible in glycolysis?

fructose-6-phosphate → fructose-1,6 diphosphate

Which enzymes are used for synthesis of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde from fructose 1.6 diphosphate in glycolysis: 1. Transketolase 2. Aldolase 3. Phosphofructokinase 4. Triose phospate isomerase

2,4

Select the compound of citric acid cycle mainly used for gluconeogenesis:

oxaloacetate

Which stament is right for breakdown of glucose by pentose phosphate pathway? – There are:

formed NADP·H2 and pentoses

Where is localised oxaloacetate synthesis (I) - and which enzyme catalyses (II) this process:

I - mitochondria, II - pyruvate carboxylase

Which hormones don’t participate in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism? 1. Aldosterone 2. Adrenalin 3. Insulin 4. Glucagon 5. Cortisone 6. Thyroxine 7. Calcitonin 8. Deoxycorticosterone

1,7

Which enzyme breaks fructose 1-6-diphosphate?

aldolase

Glucose in blood in determined by the:

glucose oxidase method

Which process refers the sequence of reactions: glucose → glucose-6-phosphate → fructose-6-phosphate → fructose 1,6 diphosphate to:

glycolysis

Select compound that is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis.

leucine

How many ATP are used for synthesis (I) and breakdown of glycogen (II)?

I - 2; II - 0

elect substrate and enzyme (Y) in the reaction X -Y→ dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:

X - fructose-1,6-diphosphate; Y - aldolase

Select digestive enzymes participating in glycogen and starch breakdown:

α-amylase, α-1,6-glycosidase

Which organ produces sucrase and lactase? 1. In the oral cavity 2. In the gastric mucosa 3. In pancreas 4. In the intestinal mucosa

Select X in the reaction fructose-1,6-diphosphate —X→ glucose-6-phosphate → glucose.

fructose-6-phosphate

Select enzyme catalysing the phosphorylation using ATP.

glycokinase

Pentoses are utilized in the synthesis of:

nucleic acids

Select reaction catalysed by phosphoglycerate kinase.

1,3-diphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate

How is transported glucose from blood into muscle and adipose tissue?

by participating of insuline

Where are localised glycolysis (I) and Krebs cycle (II)?

I - cytoplasm; II - mitochondria

What is the third bypass reaction of gluconeogenesis?

glucose-6-phosphate to glucose

Coenzym of phosphorylase is:

pyridoxal phosphate

What is oxaloacetic acid used for synthesis of ?

glucose

Which hormone is responsible for glucose storage?

insulin

Select right sequence of monosaccharides according to the slowdown of their suction rate

galactose>glucose>fructose>mannose>xylose

Which enzyme is called "branching"?

amylo-(1,4—1,6)-transglycosidase

Enzyme catalysing hydrolytic breakdown of glycogen in the liver is:

phosphorylase

Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase deficiency is caused by

fructose intolerance

What is formed by the reaction catalysed by glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase?

phosphogluconolactone

Which hormone is responsible for hyperglycemia?

corticosteroids, thyroxine, somatotropin

The process of gluconeogenesis takes place intensively:

in the liver and kidney

How many ATP and GTP are used for synthesis one molecule glucose?

4ATP, 3GTP

Which of the gluconeogenesis reaction takes place in mitochondria?

pyruvate → oxaloacetate

Which organs provide blood by glucose at starvation? 1. Liver 2. Intestine 3. Stomach 4. Kidney 5. Spleen 6. Muscle 7. Brain 8. Gallbladder

1,4

Which is wrong about pentose phosphate pathway

formed there NADPH2 are used in catabolism of fatty acids

Which processes help maintain blood glucose levels during the post absorptive state?

gluconeogenesis that takes place in the liver

Which process belongs the sequence of reactions: lactate → pyruvate→oxaloacetate→ phosphoenolpyruvate to?

gluconeogenesis

Which process belongs the sequence of the reactions: glucose → glucose-6-phosphate → 6-phosphogluconeolactone→ 6 phosphogluconate to?

pentose phosphate pathway

What causes galactose intolerance?

deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

Select enzymes participating in pentose phosphate pathway: 1. Transketolase 2. Enolase 3. Pyruvate kinase 4. Aldolase 5. Phosphoglycerate kinase 6. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase

1,6

Which hormone accelarates glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle?

insulin

Which process are formed used in the synthesis of fatty acids NADPH2 at?

pentose phosphate pathway

Select the enzyme catalysing the reaction of substrate phosphorylation in glycolysis.

pyruvate kinase

Select X in the reaction glucose-6-phosphate → 6 phosphogluconolactone→X→ribulose-5-phosphate.

6-phosphogluconate

Which coenzyme is contained in the enzymee glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase?

NADP+

What enzyme converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate?

phosphoglycerate kinase

Where usually takes place anaerobic glycolysis in the human organism?

in the muscle, erythrocytes

What are the end products of aerobic breakdown of glucose?

water and CO2

What substance is determined at diabetes mellitus? 1. Triacylglycerols 2. Glucose 3. Urea 4. Glycosylated hemoglobin 5. Cholesterol

2,4

Which hormones stimulates absorption of glucose into the muscle and its oxidation?

insulin

What is intermediate of glucose metabolism

glucose-6-phosphate

100

How many moles of ATP are produced in the anaerobic glycolysis (take into account the consumption of ATP)?

Histo100-200

Histo100-200

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