Module 6 UTS

Angel Holivelle Carasco · 26問 · 1年前

通報

問題一覧

defined as the transmission of traits from parents to offspring

Heredity

are made up of specific information embedded within one’s gene.

Traits

refers to the specific information embedded within one’s genes; not all genotypes translate to an observed physical characteristic.

Genotype

the physical expression of a particular trait.

phenotype

determines the sex of an individual.

sex chromosomes/23rd pair

which is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of every individual.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA

known as the completion of growth of a genetic character within an organism or the unfolding of an individual’s inherent traits or potential.

maturation

is the individual’s cognitive representation of self which consists of substance and the content of self-conceptions.

Self Understanding

refers to the concrete dimensions of the body, it is the tangible aspect of the person which can be directly observed and examined.

Physical Self

these are the defining traits or features of a person’s body. This is also the first thing people see when they look at another person that could include facial features, hairstyle, clothes, or figure.

Physical Characteristics

believed in the importance of the body from early development because the physical as well as intellectual skills will somehow serve as a basis to whether a person has achieved a sense of competence and be able to manage and face the demands of life complexities.

Erik Erikson

He considered the body as the initial source of sensation and necessary for origin and maintenance of personality.

William James

this is a period of rapid physical changes. - recognized as the most essential marker of the beginning of adolescence.

Puberty

first menstrual flow of a girl.

Menarche

first ejaculation or nocturnal emission (wet dreams) of a boy. They will experience this in two or three years later.

Spermarche or semenarche

is the master endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates functions of all the other endocrine glands including gonads.

Pituitary Gland

The chemical substances secreted by the______promotes physical changes

gonads

was primarily known as body ego

Freud's theory of the ego

that solidifies the importance of body in understanding the self. The body and its evolving mental representations form the basis of a sense of self (Krueger, 2002).

Body ego

in which sensations like tactile like in infants enable babies to discriminate bodies from their surroundings, which contribute to the sense of self.

Early psychic experience of the body

which is the stage of being aware of the body image in contrast to surface boundaries.

Defining body surface boundaries

which is the stage of having cohesion of the body. In these, images and experiences of the body and the body surfaces can be organized into holistic understanding of the body.

The distinguishing of the body's internal states

- The cognitive behavioral model of body image recognizes multiple determinants of body image with a distinction between those determinants that are historical versus those determinants that are proximal or concurrent that predispose or influence how people come to think, feel, and act in relation to their body.

cognitive behavioral perspective

- Relies on the social construction in which there is a possibility of individuals to experience their bodies in distorted ways (especially, women). Women’s dissatisfaction with their bodies as a systematic social phenomenon rather than a result of individual pathology (McKinley, 2002).

Feminist perspective

The development of a body self mainly has three stages:

Early psychic experience of the body Defining body surface boundaries The distinguishing of the body's internal states

Perspectives in Understanding Physical Self:

Psychodynamic perspective cognitive behavioral perspective feminist perspective

Factors that Affect Perception of the Physical Self

Personal Factor social factors

- is a process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities and opinions.

Social comparison

Two types of social comparison:

Upward social comparison Downward social comparison

happens when an individual compares themselves to others who are better than them.

upward social comparison

happens when an individual compares themselves to someone who is in a worse situation than they are in especially when they are feeling low.

Downward social comparison

- This was formulated by Tajfel and Turner 1973 which provides a framework about how people achieve understanding about themselves by being a member of their group.

Social Identity Theory (Collective Identity)

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