TOPIC 1

40問 • 11ヶ月前

問題一覧

The process of overseeing the movement of goods and services from the manufacturer to the consumer, including logistics, supply chain coordination, and inventory management

Distribution Management

The combination of Product, Price, Place (distribution), and Promotion used to market a product

Marketing Mix (4Ps)

The preparation of a product for transport, storage, and sale, ensuring protection and brand appeal.

Packaging

– Goods and materials held by a business for production or sale,

Inventory

Classifications of Inventory

Raw Materials Work in Progress Finished Goods

The process of storing goods before distribution to retailers or consumers

Warehousing

– The entire process of producing and delivering a product, from raw materials to the final consumer.

Supply Chain

The management of resource movement, ensuring efficient transportation and storage

Logistics

A network of intermediaries that help move a product from manufacturer to consumer.

Distribution Channel

Unprocessed items for production

Raw Materials

partially completed goods

Work in Progress

Products ready for sale

Finished Goods

Types of Intermediaries

Wholesalers Retailers Distributors Agents/Brokers

Buy in bulk and sell in smaller quantities

Wholesalers

Sell directly to consumers

Retailers

Connect manufacturers with wholesalers/retailers

Distributors

Negotiates sales without owning the products

Agents/Brokers

No intermediaries, direct selling

Manufacturer to consumer (Direct/Zero- Level Channel)

Retailers purchase from manufacturers and sell to consumers

Manufacturer to Retailer to Consumer (One-Level Channel)

Products go through wholesalers before reaching retailers

Manufacturer to Wholesaler to Retailer to Consumer (Two-Level Channel)

Wholesalers sell directly to bulk buyers.

Manufacturer to Wholesaler to Consumer (One-Level Channel)

– Agents facilitate sales before wholesalers distribute

Manufacturer to Agent to Wholesaler to Retailer to Consumer (Three-Level Channel)

Type of Distribution Channels

1. Manufacturer to Consumer (Direct/Zero-Level Channel) 2. Manufacturer to Retailer to Consumer (One-Level Channel) 3. Manufacturer to Wholesaler to Retailer to Consumer (Two-Level Channel) 4. Manufacturer to Wholesaler to Consumer (One-Level Channel) 5. Manufacturer to Agent to Wholesaler to Retailer to Consumer (Three-Level Channel)

Types of Distribution Strategies

1. Direct Distribution 2. Indirect Distribution 3. Hybrid Distribution

– Manufacturer sells directly to consumers (e.g., company websites, brand stores)

Direct Distribution

Uses intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers (e.g., Coca-Cola in supermarkets).

Indirect Distribution

– Combination of direct and indirect approaches (e.g., Nike sells on its website and in retail stores).

Hybrid Distribution

Levels of Distribution Intensity

1.Intensive Distribution 2. Selective Distribution 3. Exclusive Distribution

– Products are placed in as many outlets as possible (e.g., Coca-Cola, Nestlé).

Intensive Distribution

A limited number of retailers are chosen (e.g., Apple products in selected stores

Selective Distribution

A single retailer gets exclusive rights to sell

Exclusive Distribution

Why Distribution Channels Are Important

- Market Reach ○ Efficiency ○ Cost-Effectiveness ○ Customer Convenience

5 Primary Flows in a Distribution Channel

- Physical Flow ○ Title or Ownership Flow ○ Promotion Flow ○ Information Flow ○ Monetary Flow

Movements of goods

Physical Flow

Transfer of ownership rights

Title or ownership flow

Advertising and promotions along the channel

Promotion Flow

– Feedback and communication between manufacturers and consumers

Information Flow

– Payments from consumers to manufacturers.

Monetary Flow

Factors Affecting Distribution Channel Choice

○ Product Characteristics ○ Market Characteristics ○ Company Objectives & Resources

Challenge in Distribution Management

○ Inventory Management ○ Supply Chain Disruptions ○ High Distribution Costs ○ Changing Consumer Expectations

Module 6 UTS

Angel Holivelle Carasco · 32問 · 1年前

Module 6 UTS