問題一覧
1
Despite disapproval from the church, many forms of play continued during the Middle Ages: Medieval society was marked by rigid class stratification; below the nobility and clergy were the peasants, who were divided into such rank
freemens, velleins, serfs and slaves
2
Life in the Middle Ages, even for the feudal nobility, was crude and harsh. Manors and castles were little more than stone fortresses—crowded, dark, and damp. Knights were responsible for fighting in the service of their rulers; between wars, their favorite pastimes were _____ and _____ . Hunting skill was considered a virtue of medieval rulers and noblemen. The sport was thought to be helpful in keeping hunters from the sin of idleness. (A vigorous and tiring sport, it was also believed to prevent _______
hunting and hawking, sensual temptation
3
Other pastimes during the Middle Ages were various types of games and gambling, music and dance, sport, and jousting. The games played in castles and medieval manors included early forms of _____,______,_____,_____
chess, checkers, backgammon, dice
4
chivalry in french, which means horse
cheval
5
An illustration of the extent to which popular recreation expanded during the Middle Ages is found in the famous painting of children’s games by the Flemish artist
Pieter Breughel
6
Historians generally view the first half of the Middle Ages in Europe (roughly from A.D. 400 to 1000) as the Dark Ages, and the next 400 to 500 years as ________,______
le haut Moyen, High Middle Age
7
The term renaissance means _____ and describes the revived interest in the scholarship, philosophy, and arts of ancient Greece and Rome that developed at this time.
rebirth
8
The Athenian philosophy that had supported play as an important form of education was given fuller emphasis during the Renaissance by such educators and writers as
(1)
(2)
(3)
Francois Rabelais John Locke Jean Jacques Rousseau
9
was a religious movement of the 1500s that resulted in the establishment of a number of Protestant sects whose leaders broke away from Roman Catholicism.
Reformation
10
______ was insisted upon, which meant the forbidding of gambling, card playing, dancing, wearing of finery, singing of gay songs, feasting, drinking and the like. There were to be no more festivals, no more theaters, no more ribaldry, no more light and disrespectful poetry or display.
Purity of Conduct
11
DEVELOPMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION ERA
The first were royal hunting preserves or parks, some of which have become famous public parks today, such as the 4,000-acre _______ and the _______ . Second were the ornate and formal garden parks designed according to the so-called French style of landscape architecture.
Prater in Vienna Tiergarten in Berlin
12
Great outdoor gardens were established in England to provide entertainment and relaxation. Vauxhall, a pleasure resort founded during the reign of ______, was a densely wooded area with walks and bowers, lighting displays, water mills, fireworks, artificial caves and grottoes, entertainment, eating places, and tea gardens. The park was supported by the growing class of merchants and tradesmen, and its admission charge and distance from London helped to “exclude the rabble.”
Charles II
13
Following the Restoration period in England, _____ and _______ became fashionable centers for promenading by the upper classes during the early afternoon. Varied amusements were provided in the parks: wrestling matches, races, military displays, fireworks, and illuminations on special occasions. Aristocrats, merchants, and tradesmen all rode, drove carriages, and strolled in the parks. Horse racing, lotteries, and other forms of gambling became the vogue.
Hyde Park and St. James Park
14
Leisure in the Southern Colonies
A number of the southern colonies had similar restrictions during the early years of settlement. The laws of Virginia, for example, forbade Sunday amusements and made imprisonment the penalty for ___________
failure to attend church service
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問題一覧
1
Despite disapproval from the church, many forms of play continued during the Middle Ages: Medieval society was marked by rigid class stratification; below the nobility and clergy were the peasants, who were divided into such rank
freemens, velleins, serfs and slaves
2
Life in the Middle Ages, even for the feudal nobility, was crude and harsh. Manors and castles were little more than stone fortresses—crowded, dark, and damp. Knights were responsible for fighting in the service of their rulers; between wars, their favorite pastimes were _____ and _____ . Hunting skill was considered a virtue of medieval rulers and noblemen. The sport was thought to be helpful in keeping hunters from the sin of idleness. (A vigorous and tiring sport, it was also believed to prevent _______
hunting and hawking, sensual temptation
3
Other pastimes during the Middle Ages were various types of games and gambling, music and dance, sport, and jousting. The games played in castles and medieval manors included early forms of _____,______,_____,_____
chess, checkers, backgammon, dice
4
chivalry in french, which means horse
cheval
5
An illustration of the extent to which popular recreation expanded during the Middle Ages is found in the famous painting of children’s games by the Flemish artist
Pieter Breughel
6
Historians generally view the first half of the Middle Ages in Europe (roughly from A.D. 400 to 1000) as the Dark Ages, and the next 400 to 500 years as ________,______
le haut Moyen, High Middle Age
7
The term renaissance means _____ and describes the revived interest in the scholarship, philosophy, and arts of ancient Greece and Rome that developed at this time.
rebirth
8
The Athenian philosophy that had supported play as an important form of education was given fuller emphasis during the Renaissance by such educators and writers as
(1)
(2)
(3)
Francois Rabelais John Locke Jean Jacques Rousseau
9
was a religious movement of the 1500s that resulted in the establishment of a number of Protestant sects whose leaders broke away from Roman Catholicism.
Reformation
10
______ was insisted upon, which meant the forbidding of gambling, card playing, dancing, wearing of finery, singing of gay songs, feasting, drinking and the like. There were to be no more festivals, no more theaters, no more ribaldry, no more light and disrespectful poetry or display.
Purity of Conduct
11
DEVELOPMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION ERA
The first were royal hunting preserves or parks, some of which have become famous public parks today, such as the 4,000-acre _______ and the _______ . Second were the ornate and formal garden parks designed according to the so-called French style of landscape architecture.
Prater in Vienna Tiergarten in Berlin
12
Great outdoor gardens were established in England to provide entertainment and relaxation. Vauxhall, a pleasure resort founded during the reign of ______, was a densely wooded area with walks and bowers, lighting displays, water mills, fireworks, artificial caves and grottoes, entertainment, eating places, and tea gardens. The park was supported by the growing class of merchants and tradesmen, and its admission charge and distance from London helped to “exclude the rabble.”
Charles II
13
Following the Restoration period in England, _____ and _______ became fashionable centers for promenading by the upper classes during the early afternoon. Varied amusements were provided in the parks: wrestling matches, races, military displays, fireworks, and illuminations on special occasions. Aristocrats, merchants, and tradesmen all rode, drove carriages, and strolled in the parks. Horse racing, lotteries, and other forms of gambling became the vogue.
Hyde Park and St. James Park
14
Leisure in the Southern Colonies
A number of the southern colonies had similar restrictions during the early years of settlement. The laws of Virginia, for example, forbade Sunday amusements and made imprisonment the penalty for ___________
failure to attend church service