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URINARY SYSTEM FELINE PART 1
104問 • 5ヶ月前
  • Rein
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Which of the following is a common aerobic bacterial organism causing urinary tract infections in cats?

    E. coli

  • 2

    Which organism is less commonly associated with urinary infection in cats?

    Klebsiella

  • 3

    Which type of organism is rarely a primary urinary pathogen but can be found as a co-infection?

    Mycoplasma

  • 4

    What is the typical route of bacterial infection in the feline urinary tract?

    Ascends from the urethra into the bladder and kidneys

  • 5

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for feline urinary tract infections?

    High protein diet alone

  • 6

    Compared to dogs, how do adult cats respond to bacterial cystitis?

    More resistant

  • 7

    Which cat populations are more prone to bacterial urinary tract infections?

    Geriatric or immunocompromised cats

  • 8

    Which of the following diseases is classified as non-infectious in cats?

    Renal dysfunction

  • 9

    Azotemia refers to an excess of what compounds in the blood?

    Nitrogenous compounds

  • 10

    Prerenal azotemia resolves with appropriate treatment because:

    Kidney structure is not altered

  • 11

    Which condition is associated with the development of pre-renal azotemia?

    Dehydration

  • 12

    Renal azotemia is primarily due to what?

    Reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

  • 13

    Which is a cause of post-renal azotemia?

    Urinary outflow obstruction

  • 14

    Which of the following best describes Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in cats?

    Progressive, irreversible loss of functional renal tissue

  • 15

    At what stage of CKD is azotemia typically present but clinical signs not yet observed?

    Stage II

  • 16

    Which of the following is a common early clinical sign of CKD in cats?

    Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD)

  • 17

    Proteinuria in cats with CKD is associated with:

    Poor prognosis

  • 18

    What is microalbuminuria?

    Urinary protein content undetectable by routine dipstick but detected by species-specific antibody

  • 19

    What percent of GFR loss is generally associated with clinical signs of CKD?

    More or less 75%

  • 20

    Which feline breeds appear to be more affected by chronic kidney diseases?

    Maine Coon, Abyssinian, Siamese, Russian Blue, Burmese

  • 21

    At which CKD stage are clinical signs frequently observed?

    Stage III

  • 22

    Chronic kidney disease is more frequently observed in:

    Older cats (>10 years)

  • 23

    What is a common laboratory finding in stages III and IV of CKD in cats?

    Increased BUN and serum creatinine

  • 24

    Which medication mentioned is used as a phosphorus binder in feline CKD?

    Aluminum hydroxide

  • 25

    Which drug could be prescribed as a potassium supplement for CKD cats?

    Potassium gluconate

  • 26

    Which antihypertensive is mentioned for blood pressure control in cats with CKD?

    Diltiazem

  • 27

    What is the most important initial step when treating dehydration in cats with CKD?

    Administration of fluids IV or SQ

  • 28

    In cats with CKD, anemia is most likely to develop in which stages?

    Late Stage III and Stage IV

  • 29

    Which symptom is associated with hyperphosphatemia in CKD cats?

    Oral ulceration

  • 30

    Why is proteinuria considered significant in cats with CKD?

    It's associated with a poor prognosis

  • 31

    Which of the following conditions can predispose a cat to prerenal azotemia?

    Shock

  • 32

    Which is a typical cause of chronic kidney disease in cats?

    Interstitial nephritis

  • 33

    Which laboratory abnormality might you find in a cat with terminal CKD?

    Hyperkalemia

  • 34

    What is a common finding in the urine of a cat with CKD and proteinuria?

    Increased urine protein content

  • 35

    Which therapy is suggested to correct metabolic acidosis in cats with CKD?

    Supportive fluid therapy

  • 36

    Which of the following clinical signs is associated with advanced CKD in cats?

    Oral ulceration

  • 37

    Which of the following is NOT a usual recommended component in fluid therapy for CKD cats?

    Pure sodium chloride (0.9%) only

  • 38

    Which compartment is affected in CKD by processes such as pyelonephritis and obstructive uropathy?

    Interstitial compartment

  • 39

    What is the prognosis for CKD once more than 75% of nephron function is lost?

    Poor, irreversible and progressive

  • 40

    Proteinuria in aged cats is most closely associated with which outcome?

    Worse prognosis

  • 41

    An early detection of CKD in cats is difficult primarily because:

    No clinical signs occur in early stages

  • 42

    Chronic kidney disease in cats can be classified as all EXCEPT:

    Short-term reversible disease

  • 43

    Which laboratory finding is most consistent in stage IV CKD in cats?

    Severe azotemia

  • 44

    Which syndrome is associated with pathologic fractures in CKD cats?

    Renal secondary osteodystrophy

  • 45

    Which medication listed is an ACE inhibitor used in CKD management in cats?

    Enalapril

  • 46

    Which sign is most specific for dehydration in a cat with kidney disease?

    Skin tenting and dry mucous membranes

  • 47

    What effect does hypercalcemia have in cats with CKD?

    Can be a sign of advanced disease and electrolyte imbalance

  • 48

    A drop in mean systemic arterial blood pressure below what value can lead to prerenal azotemia in cats?

    <60mmHg

  • 49

    What is one possible gastrointestinal symptom in cats with CKD?

    Vomiting

  • 50

    Which condition is feline CKD most often associated with?

    Older age

  • 51

    What is the primary indicator for beginning stage classification of CKD in cats?

    Laboratory tests and clinical signs

  • 52

    Cats experiencing chronic renal failure are most likely to exhibit which of the following?

    Weight loss and poor appetite

  • 53

    What does FLUTD stand for in feline medicine?

    Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease

  • 54

    What percentage of feline cystitis cases are caused by bacterial urinary tract infections?

    1-3%

  • 55

    What is another name for Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC)?

    Feline Interstitial Cystitis

  • 56

    Which substance forms part of the urinary tract’s natural defense against infection?

    Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

  • 57

    What is a clinical sign of bacterial cystitis in cats?

    Increased frequency of urination

  • 58

    Which bacteria’s motility assists their migration up the feline urinary tract?

    Escherichia coli and Proteus spp.

  • 59

    What is a standard procedure to collect urine for culture in cats?

    Cystocentesis

  • 60

    Which is NOT an appropriate empiric antibiotic for feline urinary tract infection?

    Ibuprofen

  • 61

    For how many days should acute feline cystitis be treated with antibiotics?

    10-14 days

  • 62

    Relapses of bacterial cystitis in male cats often originate from:

    The prostate

  • 63

    What does struvite urolith consist mainly of?

    Magnesium ammonium phosphate

  • 64

    Which cat breeds are predisposed to calcium oxalate uroliths?

    Burmese, Himalayan, Persian

  • 65

    Obese, older cats are predisposed to which urinary problem?

    Urolith formation

  • 66

    Where can uroliths be found in the urinary tract?

    Anywhere in the urinary tract

  • 67

    What is the only treatment option for calcium oxalate uroliths?

    Surgical removal

  • 68

    Which urolith type is most commonly seen in cats?

    Struvite

  • 69

    What is the first step in managing an obstructed cat?

    Reestablish urine flow

  • 70

    If urine outflow is not reestablished within 3-6 days in an obstructed cat, what is the likely outcome?

    The cat will die

  • 71

    Which clinical sign is NOT associated with feline urolithiasis?

    Blindness

  • 72

    What dietary property helps dissolve struvite uroliths in cats?

    Low magnesium and pH of 6-6.3

  • 73

    In the context of urethral plugs, what is the matrix primarily composed of?

    Mucoprotein

  • 74

    What is a typical clinical sign of a cat with a urethral plug?

    Straining to urinate

  • 75

    Which diagnostic test is suitable for detecting radiolucent uroliths?

    Double contrast cystography

  • 76

    What is a critical pointer for owners feeding cats to prevent urolith recurrence?

    Feed only the prescription diet; no treats or table food

  • 77

    Which mineral is present in feline uroliths at approximately 60%?

    Struvite

  • 78

    What is the primary risk with long-term perineal urethrostomy surgery?

    Increased risk of bladder infection and strictures

  • 79

    Which blood chemistry values are likely to be elevated in a cat with urethral obstruction?

    BUN, CREA, K, P, Ca

  • 80

    What type of food best helps dilute a cat’s urine?

    Canned food

  • 81

    What should be avoided to prevent trauma and infection during catheterization?

    Indwelling catheters unless necessary

  • 82

    Who is more likely to suffer urethral obstruction: male or female cats?

    Male cats

  • 83

    During cystocentesis, what is used to clean the injection site?

    Alcohol

  • 84

    Which urine collection method is recommended for culture and sensitivity testing in cats?

    Cystocentesis and culture within 30 minutes

  • 85

    Which clinical sign may indicate inappropriate urination in cats with cystitis?

    Urinating outside the litter box

  • 86

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial urinary tract infection?

    Urine culture and sensitivity

  • 87

    What empirical antibiotic may be dosed at 11mg/kg PO q8h?

    Ampicillin

  • 88

    What is the clinical significance of post-obstructive diuresis in cats?

    Risk of dehydration

  • 89

    What should be monitored in cats that have been obstructed for several days?

    ECG and potassium levels

  • 90

    How long does dissolution of struvite uroliths typically take with diet modification?

    4-8 weeks

  • 91

    Besides minerals, what else is commonly found in urethral plugs?

    Matrix (mucoprotein), RBC, WBC, epithelial cells, bacteria, spermatozoa

  • 92

    What is the role of radiographs after urolith surgery?

    To check that all uroliths have been removed

  • 93

    Which feline uroliths are radiopaque?

    Calcium oxalate, urates, struvite

  • 94

    Which clinical sign is common in both urethral obstruction and cystitis in cats?

    Hematuria

  • 95

    What is an inappropriate method of treating feline idiopathic cystitis?

    Long-term corticosteroids

  • 96

    Which of the following is FALSE about struvite stones?

    They cannot be dissolved by diet

  • 97

    What should be done if uroliths do not dissolve with medical therapy?

    Surgical removal is required

  • 98

    After dissolving all struvite uroliths, for how long should the prescription diet be continued?

    1 month

  • 99

    What veterinary procedure is recommended to relieve pressure prior to flushing a urethral plug?

    Cystocentesis

  • 100

    How should antibiotics ideally be selected for a cat with a urinary tract infection?

    Based on culture and sensitivity results

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Which of the following is a common aerobic bacterial organism causing urinary tract infections in cats?

    E. coli

  • 2

    Which organism is less commonly associated with urinary infection in cats?

    Klebsiella

  • 3

    Which type of organism is rarely a primary urinary pathogen but can be found as a co-infection?

    Mycoplasma

  • 4

    What is the typical route of bacterial infection in the feline urinary tract?

    Ascends from the urethra into the bladder and kidneys

  • 5

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for feline urinary tract infections?

    High protein diet alone

  • 6

    Compared to dogs, how do adult cats respond to bacterial cystitis?

    More resistant

  • 7

    Which cat populations are more prone to bacterial urinary tract infections?

    Geriatric or immunocompromised cats

  • 8

    Which of the following diseases is classified as non-infectious in cats?

    Renal dysfunction

  • 9

    Azotemia refers to an excess of what compounds in the blood?

    Nitrogenous compounds

  • 10

    Prerenal azotemia resolves with appropriate treatment because:

    Kidney structure is not altered

  • 11

    Which condition is associated with the development of pre-renal azotemia?

    Dehydration

  • 12

    Renal azotemia is primarily due to what?

    Reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

  • 13

    Which is a cause of post-renal azotemia?

    Urinary outflow obstruction

  • 14

    Which of the following best describes Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in cats?

    Progressive, irreversible loss of functional renal tissue

  • 15

    At what stage of CKD is azotemia typically present but clinical signs not yet observed?

    Stage II

  • 16

    Which of the following is a common early clinical sign of CKD in cats?

    Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD)

  • 17

    Proteinuria in cats with CKD is associated with:

    Poor prognosis

  • 18

    What is microalbuminuria?

    Urinary protein content undetectable by routine dipstick but detected by species-specific antibody

  • 19

    What percent of GFR loss is generally associated with clinical signs of CKD?

    More or less 75%

  • 20

    Which feline breeds appear to be more affected by chronic kidney diseases?

    Maine Coon, Abyssinian, Siamese, Russian Blue, Burmese

  • 21

    At which CKD stage are clinical signs frequently observed?

    Stage III

  • 22

    Chronic kidney disease is more frequently observed in:

    Older cats (>10 years)

  • 23

    What is a common laboratory finding in stages III and IV of CKD in cats?

    Increased BUN and serum creatinine

  • 24

    Which medication mentioned is used as a phosphorus binder in feline CKD?

    Aluminum hydroxide

  • 25

    Which drug could be prescribed as a potassium supplement for CKD cats?

    Potassium gluconate

  • 26

    Which antihypertensive is mentioned for blood pressure control in cats with CKD?

    Diltiazem

  • 27

    What is the most important initial step when treating dehydration in cats with CKD?

    Administration of fluids IV or SQ

  • 28

    In cats with CKD, anemia is most likely to develop in which stages?

    Late Stage III and Stage IV

  • 29

    Which symptom is associated with hyperphosphatemia in CKD cats?

    Oral ulceration

  • 30

    Why is proteinuria considered significant in cats with CKD?

    It's associated with a poor prognosis

  • 31

    Which of the following conditions can predispose a cat to prerenal azotemia?

    Shock

  • 32

    Which is a typical cause of chronic kidney disease in cats?

    Interstitial nephritis

  • 33

    Which laboratory abnormality might you find in a cat with terminal CKD?

    Hyperkalemia

  • 34

    What is a common finding in the urine of a cat with CKD and proteinuria?

    Increased urine protein content

  • 35

    Which therapy is suggested to correct metabolic acidosis in cats with CKD?

    Supportive fluid therapy

  • 36

    Which of the following clinical signs is associated with advanced CKD in cats?

    Oral ulceration

  • 37

    Which of the following is NOT a usual recommended component in fluid therapy for CKD cats?

    Pure sodium chloride (0.9%) only

  • 38

    Which compartment is affected in CKD by processes such as pyelonephritis and obstructive uropathy?

    Interstitial compartment

  • 39

    What is the prognosis for CKD once more than 75% of nephron function is lost?

    Poor, irreversible and progressive

  • 40

    Proteinuria in aged cats is most closely associated with which outcome?

    Worse prognosis

  • 41

    An early detection of CKD in cats is difficult primarily because:

    No clinical signs occur in early stages

  • 42

    Chronic kidney disease in cats can be classified as all EXCEPT:

    Short-term reversible disease

  • 43

    Which laboratory finding is most consistent in stage IV CKD in cats?

    Severe azotemia

  • 44

    Which syndrome is associated with pathologic fractures in CKD cats?

    Renal secondary osteodystrophy

  • 45

    Which medication listed is an ACE inhibitor used in CKD management in cats?

    Enalapril

  • 46

    Which sign is most specific for dehydration in a cat with kidney disease?

    Skin tenting and dry mucous membranes

  • 47

    What effect does hypercalcemia have in cats with CKD?

    Can be a sign of advanced disease and electrolyte imbalance

  • 48

    A drop in mean systemic arterial blood pressure below what value can lead to prerenal azotemia in cats?

    <60mmHg

  • 49

    What is one possible gastrointestinal symptom in cats with CKD?

    Vomiting

  • 50

    Which condition is feline CKD most often associated with?

    Older age

  • 51

    What is the primary indicator for beginning stage classification of CKD in cats?

    Laboratory tests and clinical signs

  • 52

    Cats experiencing chronic renal failure are most likely to exhibit which of the following?

    Weight loss and poor appetite

  • 53

    What does FLUTD stand for in feline medicine?

    Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease

  • 54

    What percentage of feline cystitis cases are caused by bacterial urinary tract infections?

    1-3%

  • 55

    What is another name for Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC)?

    Feline Interstitial Cystitis

  • 56

    Which substance forms part of the urinary tract’s natural defense against infection?

    Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

  • 57

    What is a clinical sign of bacterial cystitis in cats?

    Increased frequency of urination

  • 58

    Which bacteria’s motility assists their migration up the feline urinary tract?

    Escherichia coli and Proteus spp.

  • 59

    What is a standard procedure to collect urine for culture in cats?

    Cystocentesis

  • 60

    Which is NOT an appropriate empiric antibiotic for feline urinary tract infection?

    Ibuprofen

  • 61

    For how many days should acute feline cystitis be treated with antibiotics?

    10-14 days

  • 62

    Relapses of bacterial cystitis in male cats often originate from:

    The prostate

  • 63

    What does struvite urolith consist mainly of?

    Magnesium ammonium phosphate

  • 64

    Which cat breeds are predisposed to calcium oxalate uroliths?

    Burmese, Himalayan, Persian

  • 65

    Obese, older cats are predisposed to which urinary problem?

    Urolith formation

  • 66

    Where can uroliths be found in the urinary tract?

    Anywhere in the urinary tract

  • 67

    What is the only treatment option for calcium oxalate uroliths?

    Surgical removal

  • 68

    Which urolith type is most commonly seen in cats?

    Struvite

  • 69

    What is the first step in managing an obstructed cat?

    Reestablish urine flow

  • 70

    If urine outflow is not reestablished within 3-6 days in an obstructed cat, what is the likely outcome?

    The cat will die

  • 71

    Which clinical sign is NOT associated with feline urolithiasis?

    Blindness

  • 72

    What dietary property helps dissolve struvite uroliths in cats?

    Low magnesium and pH of 6-6.3

  • 73

    In the context of urethral plugs, what is the matrix primarily composed of?

    Mucoprotein

  • 74

    What is a typical clinical sign of a cat with a urethral plug?

    Straining to urinate

  • 75

    Which diagnostic test is suitable for detecting radiolucent uroliths?

    Double contrast cystography

  • 76

    What is a critical pointer for owners feeding cats to prevent urolith recurrence?

    Feed only the prescription diet; no treats or table food

  • 77

    Which mineral is present in feline uroliths at approximately 60%?

    Struvite

  • 78

    What is the primary risk with long-term perineal urethrostomy surgery?

    Increased risk of bladder infection and strictures

  • 79

    Which blood chemistry values are likely to be elevated in a cat with urethral obstruction?

    BUN, CREA, K, P, Ca

  • 80

    What type of food best helps dilute a cat’s urine?

    Canned food

  • 81

    What should be avoided to prevent trauma and infection during catheterization?

    Indwelling catheters unless necessary

  • 82

    Who is more likely to suffer urethral obstruction: male or female cats?

    Male cats

  • 83

    During cystocentesis, what is used to clean the injection site?

    Alcohol

  • 84

    Which urine collection method is recommended for culture and sensitivity testing in cats?

    Cystocentesis and culture within 30 minutes

  • 85

    Which clinical sign may indicate inappropriate urination in cats with cystitis?

    Urinating outside the litter box

  • 86

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial urinary tract infection?

    Urine culture and sensitivity

  • 87

    What empirical antibiotic may be dosed at 11mg/kg PO q8h?

    Ampicillin

  • 88

    What is the clinical significance of post-obstructive diuresis in cats?

    Risk of dehydration

  • 89

    What should be monitored in cats that have been obstructed for several days?

    ECG and potassium levels

  • 90

    How long does dissolution of struvite uroliths typically take with diet modification?

    4-8 weeks

  • 91

    Besides minerals, what else is commonly found in urethral plugs?

    Matrix (mucoprotein), RBC, WBC, epithelial cells, bacteria, spermatozoa

  • 92

    What is the role of radiographs after urolith surgery?

    To check that all uroliths have been removed

  • 93

    Which feline uroliths are radiopaque?

    Calcium oxalate, urates, struvite

  • 94

    Which clinical sign is common in both urethral obstruction and cystitis in cats?

    Hematuria

  • 95

    What is an inappropriate method of treating feline idiopathic cystitis?

    Long-term corticosteroids

  • 96

    Which of the following is FALSE about struvite stones?

    They cannot be dissolved by diet

  • 97

    What should be done if uroliths do not dissolve with medical therapy?

    Surgical removal is required

  • 98

    After dissolving all struvite uroliths, for how long should the prescription diet be continued?

    1 month

  • 99

    What veterinary procedure is recommended to relieve pressure prior to flushing a urethral plug?

    Cystocentesis

  • 100

    How should antibiotics ideally be selected for a cat with a urinary tract infection?

    Based on culture and sensitivity results