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COPD
52問 • 5ヶ月前
  • Rein
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the equivalent of asthma in horses that is triggered by exposure to molds and dust?

    Heaves

  • 2

    What is the primary cause of air flow decrease in COPD-affected horses?

    Increased production of mucus

  • 3

    What sound is produced due to the decreasing size of passageway for air in horses with bronchiolitis-emphysema complex?

    Wheezing

  • 4

    What anatomical feature develops along the hip and rib cage in horses with chronic asthma?

    Heave line

  • 5

    What component of hay can trigger hypersensitivity reactions in horses?

    Aspergillus fumigatus and Micropolyspora

  • 6

    Which lung pathology is characterized by over distension and rupture of alveolar walls?

    Pulmonary emphysema

  • 7

    What is a common outcome of chronic alveolar emphysema in terms of exercise?

    Exercise intolerance

  • 8

    Which term refers to COPD in horses?

    Heaves

  • 9

    What is often found in hay that can be allergenic to horses?

    Microorganisms and dust

  • 10

    Which of the following is NOT a typical etiology of COPD in horses?

    Congenital heart defect

  • 11

    What is one of the key clinical features of COPD in horses?

    Decreased work performance

  • 12

    Chronic coughing in heaves is due to which of the following?

    Inflammation stimulating the cough reflex

  • 13

    Which disease is known as 'Broken wind'?

    Heaves

  • 14

    Which of the following triggers allergic reactions in horses resulting in bronchiolitis-emphysema complex?

    Allergens in barn dust and moldy feed

  • 15

    Why do horses with COPD develop a heave line?

    Abdominal muscles are used to force air out

  • 16

    During breathing in COPD horses, what accumulates in the lungs?

    Residual air

  • 17

    What is one pathophysiological consequence of increased blood plasma escape through capillary holes in the lungs?

    Edema

  • 18

    What triggers the body to release histamine in respiratory allergic reactions?

    Allergen entry

  • 19

    What does histamine do to blood vessels during an allergic reaction in the lungs?

    Dilates blood vessels

  • 20

    What is a visible clinical sign in horses with advanced heaves during exhalation?

    Abdominal push

  • 21

    Highlight a typical outcome found in the lung tissue of a horse with pulmonary emphysema.

    Expansion of the lung due to alveolar rupture

  • 22

    What is the characteristic abnormality in the airflow observed in COPD horses?

    Retarded expiration due to mucus and bronchoconstriction

  • 23

    What does 'Poor man disease' refer to in equine medicine?

    Heaves

  • 24

    Why do COPD-affected horses experience rupture of alveoli over time?

    Accumulated residual air causes overdistension

  • 25

    What physical sign might you notice along a horse's abdomen and ribs after prolonged heaves?

    Heave line

  • 26

    What is a secondary possible cause of COPD in horses?

    Bronchopneumonia

  • 27

    Why is coughing commonly observed in equine emphysema complex?

    Inflamed airways stimulate the cough reflex

  • 28

    What pathological finding can be observed in COPD-affected horse lungs?

    Varying degrees of bronchiolitis and pulmonary emphysema

  • 29

    What does 10 mL air going in and 2 mL left in lungs on exhalation indicate physiologically?

    Residual air accumulates with continued breathing

  • 30

    How does exposure to organic dust in straw contribute to COPD?

    It contains allergic molds and endotoxins

  • 31

    Which of the following is a typical clinical sign of chronic COPD in horses?

    Wheezing lung sounds

  • 32

    Which process is directly responsible for the narrowing of air passages in COPD horses?

    Accumulation of mucus and cellular debris

  • 33

    What is the effect of vasodilation of blood vessels in the pathophysiology of COPD?

    Blood plasma escapes into interstitial spaces

  • 34

    Chronic respiratory disease of horses with abnormal lung sounds and cardiac dysfunction refers to which condition?

    COPD (Heaves)

  • 35

    Obstruction of air passages in horses with COPD leads to what respiratory adjustment?

    Heaving - increased abdominal effort during exhalation

  • 36

    In horses, what is a primary immunological trigger for COPD?

    Hypersensitivity to airborne allergens

  • 37

    What kind of feed may worsen symptoms of COPD due to its dust and mold content?

    Hay and poorly saved straw

  • 38

    What is a long-term consequence of continuous breathing with air trapping in the lungs of horses?

    Eventual rupturing of alveoli

  • 39

    Which of the following can be observed during auscultation in a heaves-affected horse?

    Wheezing sound

  • 40

    What happens when blood plasma escapes into the interstitial space of the lung tissue?

    Edema develops

  • 41

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of chronic equine emphysema?

    Improved lung elasticity

  • 42

    How much air is exhaled if 10 mL is inhaled and 2 mL remains in the lungs?

    8 mL

  • 43

    Which is a common respiratory disease in horses caused by chronic allergenic and inflammatory changes?

    COPD (Heaves)

  • 44

    Which is a key pathological process in the lung in horses with heaves?

    Bronchiolitis and emphysema

  • 45

    What happens to the airways with excessive mucus and bronchoconstriction during expiration?

    Expiration of air out of alveoli is retarded

  • 46

    What is the general pattern of airflow in horses with COPD during exhalation?

    Airway obstruction and retention of residual air

  • 47

    What is the long-term effect on the alveoli of chronic obstruction in COPD?

    Alveolar rupture and overexpansion

  • 48

    Which infectious agent is a possible trigger for secondary COPD?

    Viral infection of upper respiratory tract

  • 49

    How does chronic increase in work of breathing appear externally in horses?

    Heave line formation

  • 50

    What triggers the initial allergic reaction leading to COPD in horses?

    Entry of allergens into the body

  • 51

    What change occurs in capillaries as part of histamine-induced allergy in the lungs?

    The closed holes open up

  • 52

    What is a distinct chronic clinical sign in horses with the bronchiolitis-emphysema complex?

    Chronic coughing

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the equivalent of asthma in horses that is triggered by exposure to molds and dust?

    Heaves

  • 2

    What is the primary cause of air flow decrease in COPD-affected horses?

    Increased production of mucus

  • 3

    What sound is produced due to the decreasing size of passageway for air in horses with bronchiolitis-emphysema complex?

    Wheezing

  • 4

    What anatomical feature develops along the hip and rib cage in horses with chronic asthma?

    Heave line

  • 5

    What component of hay can trigger hypersensitivity reactions in horses?

    Aspergillus fumigatus and Micropolyspora

  • 6

    Which lung pathology is characterized by over distension and rupture of alveolar walls?

    Pulmonary emphysema

  • 7

    What is a common outcome of chronic alveolar emphysema in terms of exercise?

    Exercise intolerance

  • 8

    Which term refers to COPD in horses?

    Heaves

  • 9

    What is often found in hay that can be allergenic to horses?

    Microorganisms and dust

  • 10

    Which of the following is NOT a typical etiology of COPD in horses?

    Congenital heart defect

  • 11

    What is one of the key clinical features of COPD in horses?

    Decreased work performance

  • 12

    Chronic coughing in heaves is due to which of the following?

    Inflammation stimulating the cough reflex

  • 13

    Which disease is known as 'Broken wind'?

    Heaves

  • 14

    Which of the following triggers allergic reactions in horses resulting in bronchiolitis-emphysema complex?

    Allergens in barn dust and moldy feed

  • 15

    Why do horses with COPD develop a heave line?

    Abdominal muscles are used to force air out

  • 16

    During breathing in COPD horses, what accumulates in the lungs?

    Residual air

  • 17

    What is one pathophysiological consequence of increased blood plasma escape through capillary holes in the lungs?

    Edema

  • 18

    What triggers the body to release histamine in respiratory allergic reactions?

    Allergen entry

  • 19

    What does histamine do to blood vessels during an allergic reaction in the lungs?

    Dilates blood vessels

  • 20

    What is a visible clinical sign in horses with advanced heaves during exhalation?

    Abdominal push

  • 21

    Highlight a typical outcome found in the lung tissue of a horse with pulmonary emphysema.

    Expansion of the lung due to alveolar rupture

  • 22

    What is the characteristic abnormality in the airflow observed in COPD horses?

    Retarded expiration due to mucus and bronchoconstriction

  • 23

    What does 'Poor man disease' refer to in equine medicine?

    Heaves

  • 24

    Why do COPD-affected horses experience rupture of alveoli over time?

    Accumulated residual air causes overdistension

  • 25

    What physical sign might you notice along a horse's abdomen and ribs after prolonged heaves?

    Heave line

  • 26

    What is a secondary possible cause of COPD in horses?

    Bronchopneumonia

  • 27

    Why is coughing commonly observed in equine emphysema complex?

    Inflamed airways stimulate the cough reflex

  • 28

    What pathological finding can be observed in COPD-affected horse lungs?

    Varying degrees of bronchiolitis and pulmonary emphysema

  • 29

    What does 10 mL air going in and 2 mL left in lungs on exhalation indicate physiologically?

    Residual air accumulates with continued breathing

  • 30

    How does exposure to organic dust in straw contribute to COPD?

    It contains allergic molds and endotoxins

  • 31

    Which of the following is a typical clinical sign of chronic COPD in horses?

    Wheezing lung sounds

  • 32

    Which process is directly responsible for the narrowing of air passages in COPD horses?

    Accumulation of mucus and cellular debris

  • 33

    What is the effect of vasodilation of blood vessels in the pathophysiology of COPD?

    Blood plasma escapes into interstitial spaces

  • 34

    Chronic respiratory disease of horses with abnormal lung sounds and cardiac dysfunction refers to which condition?

    COPD (Heaves)

  • 35

    Obstruction of air passages in horses with COPD leads to what respiratory adjustment?

    Heaving - increased abdominal effort during exhalation

  • 36

    In horses, what is a primary immunological trigger for COPD?

    Hypersensitivity to airborne allergens

  • 37

    What kind of feed may worsen symptoms of COPD due to its dust and mold content?

    Hay and poorly saved straw

  • 38

    What is a long-term consequence of continuous breathing with air trapping in the lungs of horses?

    Eventual rupturing of alveoli

  • 39

    Which of the following can be observed during auscultation in a heaves-affected horse?

    Wheezing sound

  • 40

    What happens when blood plasma escapes into the interstitial space of the lung tissue?

    Edema develops

  • 41

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of chronic equine emphysema?

    Improved lung elasticity

  • 42

    How much air is exhaled if 10 mL is inhaled and 2 mL remains in the lungs?

    8 mL

  • 43

    Which is a common respiratory disease in horses caused by chronic allergenic and inflammatory changes?

    COPD (Heaves)

  • 44

    Which is a key pathological process in the lung in horses with heaves?

    Bronchiolitis and emphysema

  • 45

    What happens to the airways with excessive mucus and bronchoconstriction during expiration?

    Expiration of air out of alveoli is retarded

  • 46

    What is the general pattern of airflow in horses with COPD during exhalation?

    Airway obstruction and retention of residual air

  • 47

    What is the long-term effect on the alveoli of chronic obstruction in COPD?

    Alveolar rupture and overexpansion

  • 48

    Which infectious agent is a possible trigger for secondary COPD?

    Viral infection of upper respiratory tract

  • 49

    How does chronic increase in work of breathing appear externally in horses?

    Heave line formation

  • 50

    What triggers the initial allergic reaction leading to COPD in horses?

    Entry of allergens into the body

  • 51

    What change occurs in capillaries as part of histamine-induced allergy in the lungs?

    The closed holes open up

  • 52

    What is a distinct chronic clinical sign in horses with the bronchiolitis-emphysema complex?

    Chronic coughing