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REPRODUCTIVE FELINE PART 2
90問 • 5ヶ月前
  • Rein
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is pyometra?

    A serious and life-threatening infection in the uterus

  • 2

    What hormone remains elevated for several weeks after estrous, contributing to pyometra?

    Progesterone

  • 3

    What anatomical structure acts as the gateway to the uterus?

    Cervix

  • 4

    When the cervix is open or relaxed, what can enter the uterus more easily?

    Bacteria normally found in the vagina

  • 5

    Pyometra most commonly occurs in which group of cats?

    Older, sexually intact cats

  • 6

    What is a typical time frame after estrous when pyometra develops?

    2 to 8 weeks

  • 7

    What clinical sign is associated with open pyometra?

    Purulent discharges draining from the uterus through the vagina

  • 8

    Which form of pyometra is associated with abdominal distention due to retained discharge?

    Closed pyometra

  • 9

    What happens to the ability of the uterus muscle to contract under high progesterone levels?

    It is inhibited, preventing expulsion of accumulated fluids or bacteria

  • 10

    Why are white blood cells less able to protect the uterus during estrous?

    They are inhibited from entering the uterus

  • 11

    Which diagnostic test indicates an enlarged uterus that must be distinguished from pregnancy?

    Radiology

  • 12

    Which blood findings are compatible with pyometra?

    Leukocytosis, neutrophilia with left shift, dehydration, non-regenerative anemia, increased ALP, increased serum protein, increased BUN

  • 13

    What can be found in vaginal cytology of a cat with pyometra?

    Degenerative neutrophils, endometrial cells, and bacteria

  • 14

    What is the preferred treatment for pyometra?

    Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)

  • 15

    What must be corrected before surgery in a cat with pyometra?

    Dehydration and azotemia

  • 16

    Which of the following is a medication that may be used for medical treatment of pyometra in breeding cats?

    Prostaglandin F2a (Lutylase)

  • 17

    How long do side effects from PGF2a injection typically last?

    Within 60 minutes of injection

  • 18

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of PGF2a injection?

    Hair regrowth

  • 19

    What type of antibiotics should be used in pyometra until culture results are available?

    Systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics

  • 20

    How can pyometra be prevented in female cats?

    Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)

  • 21

    Why is early and aggressive treatment of pyometra important?

    The disease can be rapidly life-threatening

  • 22

    What is the treatment of choice for pyometra, even in older cats?

    OVH (Ovariohysterectomy)

  • 23

    When is medical treatment for pyometra more likely to succeed?

    When the cervix is open and draining

  • 24

    Why is the uterine environment normally aversive to bacterial survival?

    In normal conditions, the uterus' environment prevents bacterial growth

  • 25

    What type of uterine changes promote pyometra after years of estrous cycles without pregnancy?

    Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (thickening with cysts)

  • 26

    What process can cause abdominal distention in cats with pyometra?

    Accumulation of discharge in the uterus

  • 27

    What can toxins released by bacteria during pyometra affect besides general health?

    Kidney's ability to retain fluid

  • 28

    One common sign in both open and closed pyometra is:

    Increased urine production and thirst

  • 29

    Cats with closed pyometra can become severely ill quickly and may show which symptoms?

    Anorexia, listlessness, and depression

  • 30

    Vomiting and diarrhea are possible in pyometra due to:

    The absorption of toxins by the body

  • 31

    Which cats are MOST at risk of developing pyometra?

    Sexually intact females who have not been pregnant after several cycles

  • 32

    Which laboratory test result is suggestive of a bacterial infection in pyometra?

    Leukocytosis with neutrophilia and left shift

  • 33

    What is a potential outcome if pyometra is untreated?

    Death due to systemic infection and organ failure

  • 34

    What is the role of prostaglandin F2a in the treatment of pyometra?

    To induce uterine contractions and help expel uterine contents

  • 35

    What side effect is NOT typically associated with prostaglandin F2a injection in cats?

    Hair regrowth

  • 36

    Which is NOT typically seen on vaginal cytology in pyometra?

    Fungal spores

  • 37

    What is the best prevention for pyometra in cats?

    Spaying (Ovariohysterectomy)

  • 38

    Cats with pyometra often clean up their vaginal discharge, making it difficult to see. This is especially true of which form?

    Open pyometra

  • 39

    Why does the uterus create an ideal environment for bacteria when the lining becomes thickened and cystic?

    The thickened lining secretes fluid that supports bacterial growth

  • 40

    One laboratory abnormality that may be seen in serum chemistry with pyometra is:

    Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

  • 41

    What is the result of incomplete removal of the ovary during surgery called?

    Ovarian remnant syndrome

  • 42

    Revascularization of accidentally left ovarian tissues in the abdomen during surgery can result in what syndrome?

    Ovarian remnant syndrome

  • 43

    What behavioral sign may be observed in a cat with ovarian remnant syndrome?

    Estrous type of behavior on an ongoing basis

  • 44

    Which diagnostic test confirms estrous in a sterilized cat with signs of estrous?

    Vaginal cytology typical of estrous

  • 45

    A serum estradiol level higher than what value suggests ovarian remnant syndrome?

    >20pg/ml

  • 46

    Which of the following hormones can be measured to assist the diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome?

    Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH)

  • 47

    What is the main treatment for ovarian remnant syndrome?

    Locating and removing the ovarian remnant

  • 48

    What is orchitis?

    Acute inflammation of the testes

  • 49

    What is epididymitis?

    Inflammation of the epididymis

  • 50

    The epididymis is ___.

    A coiled tube at the back of the testicle where sperm is stored and matures

  • 51

    Which is NOT a usual cause of epididymitis?

    Antibiotic therapy

  • 52

    Is testicular torsion common in cats?

    No, it is rare

  • 53

    For diagnosing testicular and scrotal disorders in cats, what imaging technique is especially valuable?

    Ultrasonography

  • 54

    Which infection should always be evaluated when testing for reproductive diseases in male cats?

    Brucella canis (B. canis) infection

  • 55

    What is the method to obtain testicular specimens for cytology or culture?

    Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

  • 56

    What is balanoposthitis?

    Inflammation of the penile or preputial mucosa

  • 57

    Is balanoposthitis common in cats?

    No, it is rare

  • 58

    What is the most common clinical sign of balanoposthitis?

    Mucopurulent preputial discharge

  • 59

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of severe balanoposthitis?

    Vitamin deficiency

  • 60

    Which diagnostic test is recommended during examination of penile/preputial disease?

    Preputial cytology

  • 61

    What is a standard treatment for balanoposthitis with mild clinical signs?

    Correct predisposing factors and maintain hygiene, Thorough flushing of the preputial cavity

  • 62

    Which antiseptics can be used for flushing the preputial cavity in balanoposthitis?

    Dilute povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine, Sterile saline

  • 63

    If bacterial infection is suspected in balanoposthitis, what local therapy is recommended?

    Antibiotic ointment infused into the preputial cavity for 7-10 days

  • 64

    What is paraphimosis?

    The inability to retract the penis into the preputial cavity, usually after erection

  • 65

    What is a common cause of paraphimosis?

    Coitus or semen collection

  • 66

    What can happen if paraphimosis is left untreated?

    Ulceration, Ischemic necrosis, Gangrene

  • 67

    How does the skin at the preputial orifice contribute to paraphimosis?

    It becomes inverted, trapping the penis and impairing venous drainage

  • 68

    Which is NOT a differential diagnosis for paraphimosis?

    Otitis externa

  • 69

    What is the immediate treatment for paraphimosis if recognized early?

    Gentle cleansing and lubrication of the exposed penis, Manual reduction after sliding the prepuce posteriorly

  • 70

    What may be applied to reduce edema in severe paraphimosis before attempting reduction?

    Cold compress and gentle digital pressure, Application of hypertonic solution

  • 71

    In case of necrosis or gangrene of the penis/prepuce during paraphimosis, what might be necessary?

    Amputation of the penis and prepuce, Castration

  • 72

    What is phimosis?

    Abnormally small preputial orifice, causing inability to extrude the penis

  • 73

    Phimosis can be congenital or acquired. Which is NOT a cause of acquired phimosis?

    Dehydration

  • 74

    In phimosis, when is the problem usually noticed in cats?

    When the cat attempts to mate and is unable to copulate

  • 75

    How is phimosis diagnosed?

    Physical examination of the prepuce and penis

  • 76

    When is surgical enlargement of the preputial orifice indicated for phimosis?

    If the animal is to be used for breeding

  • 77

    What should be considered in phimosis cases if the cat is not used for breeding?

    No therapy is needed; castration can be considered to prevent arousal

  • 78

    Excessive licking of the prepuce may be a sign of which reproductive disorder?

    Balanoposthitis

  • 79

    Which of the following is a common clinical finding in cats with severe necrosis due to paraphimosis?

    Amputation may be required

  • 80

    What diagnostic method is helpful for identifying focal lesions in the testes or epididymis?

    Ultrasonography

  • 81

    What is an important purpose of preputial cytology?

    To identify the presence of infection or abnormal cells in balanoposthitis

  • 82

    What is one reason sedation or general anesthesia may be required when examining cats for penile or preputial disorders?

    Pain or difficulty in manual examination, Thorough examination to the level of the fornix

  • 83

    Which step helps to prevent reoccurrence of balanoposthitis?

    Clipping long hair away from the preputial orifice

  • 84

    When semen collection is necessary, which challenge may occur in ill or painful cats?

    Semen collection is difficult

  • 85

    What is the typical sign of mucopurulent discharge in cats indicative of?

    Balanoposthitis

  • 86

    For paraphimosis of longer duration or severe cases, what may be needed?

    Sedation or general anesthesia, Incision of preputial skin

  • 87

    What preventative measure can be taken to avoid a constricting band causing paraphimosis?

    Clip hair at the preputial orifice

  • 88

    What consequence may develop if a urethral injury is identified during treatment of paraphimosis?

    Temporary indwelling urinary catheter to prevent stricture formation

  • 89

    Which therapy is NOT indicated for balanoposthitis in cats?

    Systemic antifungals (unless a fungal cause is documented)

  • 90

    Which structure's involvement should be palpated for in male feline reproductive illness?

    Vas deferens and pampiniform vessels

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is pyometra?

    A serious and life-threatening infection in the uterus

  • 2

    What hormone remains elevated for several weeks after estrous, contributing to pyometra?

    Progesterone

  • 3

    What anatomical structure acts as the gateway to the uterus?

    Cervix

  • 4

    When the cervix is open or relaxed, what can enter the uterus more easily?

    Bacteria normally found in the vagina

  • 5

    Pyometra most commonly occurs in which group of cats?

    Older, sexually intact cats

  • 6

    What is a typical time frame after estrous when pyometra develops?

    2 to 8 weeks

  • 7

    What clinical sign is associated with open pyometra?

    Purulent discharges draining from the uterus through the vagina

  • 8

    Which form of pyometra is associated with abdominal distention due to retained discharge?

    Closed pyometra

  • 9

    What happens to the ability of the uterus muscle to contract under high progesterone levels?

    It is inhibited, preventing expulsion of accumulated fluids or bacteria

  • 10

    Why are white blood cells less able to protect the uterus during estrous?

    They are inhibited from entering the uterus

  • 11

    Which diagnostic test indicates an enlarged uterus that must be distinguished from pregnancy?

    Radiology

  • 12

    Which blood findings are compatible with pyometra?

    Leukocytosis, neutrophilia with left shift, dehydration, non-regenerative anemia, increased ALP, increased serum protein, increased BUN

  • 13

    What can be found in vaginal cytology of a cat with pyometra?

    Degenerative neutrophils, endometrial cells, and bacteria

  • 14

    What is the preferred treatment for pyometra?

    Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)

  • 15

    What must be corrected before surgery in a cat with pyometra?

    Dehydration and azotemia

  • 16

    Which of the following is a medication that may be used for medical treatment of pyometra in breeding cats?

    Prostaglandin F2a (Lutylase)

  • 17

    How long do side effects from PGF2a injection typically last?

    Within 60 minutes of injection

  • 18

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of PGF2a injection?

    Hair regrowth

  • 19

    What type of antibiotics should be used in pyometra until culture results are available?

    Systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics

  • 20

    How can pyometra be prevented in female cats?

    Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)

  • 21

    Why is early and aggressive treatment of pyometra important?

    The disease can be rapidly life-threatening

  • 22

    What is the treatment of choice for pyometra, even in older cats?

    OVH (Ovariohysterectomy)

  • 23

    When is medical treatment for pyometra more likely to succeed?

    When the cervix is open and draining

  • 24

    Why is the uterine environment normally aversive to bacterial survival?

    In normal conditions, the uterus' environment prevents bacterial growth

  • 25

    What type of uterine changes promote pyometra after years of estrous cycles without pregnancy?

    Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (thickening with cysts)

  • 26

    What process can cause abdominal distention in cats with pyometra?

    Accumulation of discharge in the uterus

  • 27

    What can toxins released by bacteria during pyometra affect besides general health?

    Kidney's ability to retain fluid

  • 28

    One common sign in both open and closed pyometra is:

    Increased urine production and thirst

  • 29

    Cats with closed pyometra can become severely ill quickly and may show which symptoms?

    Anorexia, listlessness, and depression

  • 30

    Vomiting and diarrhea are possible in pyometra due to:

    The absorption of toxins by the body

  • 31

    Which cats are MOST at risk of developing pyometra?

    Sexually intact females who have not been pregnant after several cycles

  • 32

    Which laboratory test result is suggestive of a bacterial infection in pyometra?

    Leukocytosis with neutrophilia and left shift

  • 33

    What is a potential outcome if pyometra is untreated?

    Death due to systemic infection and organ failure

  • 34

    What is the role of prostaglandin F2a in the treatment of pyometra?

    To induce uterine contractions and help expel uterine contents

  • 35

    What side effect is NOT typically associated with prostaglandin F2a injection in cats?

    Hair regrowth

  • 36

    Which is NOT typically seen on vaginal cytology in pyometra?

    Fungal spores

  • 37

    What is the best prevention for pyometra in cats?

    Spaying (Ovariohysterectomy)

  • 38

    Cats with pyometra often clean up their vaginal discharge, making it difficult to see. This is especially true of which form?

    Open pyometra

  • 39

    Why does the uterus create an ideal environment for bacteria when the lining becomes thickened and cystic?

    The thickened lining secretes fluid that supports bacterial growth

  • 40

    One laboratory abnormality that may be seen in serum chemistry with pyometra is:

    Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

  • 41

    What is the result of incomplete removal of the ovary during surgery called?

    Ovarian remnant syndrome

  • 42

    Revascularization of accidentally left ovarian tissues in the abdomen during surgery can result in what syndrome?

    Ovarian remnant syndrome

  • 43

    What behavioral sign may be observed in a cat with ovarian remnant syndrome?

    Estrous type of behavior on an ongoing basis

  • 44

    Which diagnostic test confirms estrous in a sterilized cat with signs of estrous?

    Vaginal cytology typical of estrous

  • 45

    A serum estradiol level higher than what value suggests ovarian remnant syndrome?

    >20pg/ml

  • 46

    Which of the following hormones can be measured to assist the diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome?

    Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH)

  • 47

    What is the main treatment for ovarian remnant syndrome?

    Locating and removing the ovarian remnant

  • 48

    What is orchitis?

    Acute inflammation of the testes

  • 49

    What is epididymitis?

    Inflammation of the epididymis

  • 50

    The epididymis is ___.

    A coiled tube at the back of the testicle where sperm is stored and matures

  • 51

    Which is NOT a usual cause of epididymitis?

    Antibiotic therapy

  • 52

    Is testicular torsion common in cats?

    No, it is rare

  • 53

    For diagnosing testicular and scrotal disorders in cats, what imaging technique is especially valuable?

    Ultrasonography

  • 54

    Which infection should always be evaluated when testing for reproductive diseases in male cats?

    Brucella canis (B. canis) infection

  • 55

    What is the method to obtain testicular specimens for cytology or culture?

    Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

  • 56

    What is balanoposthitis?

    Inflammation of the penile or preputial mucosa

  • 57

    Is balanoposthitis common in cats?

    No, it is rare

  • 58

    What is the most common clinical sign of balanoposthitis?

    Mucopurulent preputial discharge

  • 59

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of severe balanoposthitis?

    Vitamin deficiency

  • 60

    Which diagnostic test is recommended during examination of penile/preputial disease?

    Preputial cytology

  • 61

    What is a standard treatment for balanoposthitis with mild clinical signs?

    Correct predisposing factors and maintain hygiene, Thorough flushing of the preputial cavity

  • 62

    Which antiseptics can be used for flushing the preputial cavity in balanoposthitis?

    Dilute povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine, Sterile saline

  • 63

    If bacterial infection is suspected in balanoposthitis, what local therapy is recommended?

    Antibiotic ointment infused into the preputial cavity for 7-10 days

  • 64

    What is paraphimosis?

    The inability to retract the penis into the preputial cavity, usually after erection

  • 65

    What is a common cause of paraphimosis?

    Coitus or semen collection

  • 66

    What can happen if paraphimosis is left untreated?

    Ulceration, Ischemic necrosis, Gangrene

  • 67

    How does the skin at the preputial orifice contribute to paraphimosis?

    It becomes inverted, trapping the penis and impairing venous drainage

  • 68

    Which is NOT a differential diagnosis for paraphimosis?

    Otitis externa

  • 69

    What is the immediate treatment for paraphimosis if recognized early?

    Gentle cleansing and lubrication of the exposed penis, Manual reduction after sliding the prepuce posteriorly

  • 70

    What may be applied to reduce edema in severe paraphimosis before attempting reduction?

    Cold compress and gentle digital pressure, Application of hypertonic solution

  • 71

    In case of necrosis or gangrene of the penis/prepuce during paraphimosis, what might be necessary?

    Amputation of the penis and prepuce, Castration

  • 72

    What is phimosis?

    Abnormally small preputial orifice, causing inability to extrude the penis

  • 73

    Phimosis can be congenital or acquired. Which is NOT a cause of acquired phimosis?

    Dehydration

  • 74

    In phimosis, when is the problem usually noticed in cats?

    When the cat attempts to mate and is unable to copulate

  • 75

    How is phimosis diagnosed?

    Physical examination of the prepuce and penis

  • 76

    When is surgical enlargement of the preputial orifice indicated for phimosis?

    If the animal is to be used for breeding

  • 77

    What should be considered in phimosis cases if the cat is not used for breeding?

    No therapy is needed; castration can be considered to prevent arousal

  • 78

    Excessive licking of the prepuce may be a sign of which reproductive disorder?

    Balanoposthitis

  • 79

    Which of the following is a common clinical finding in cats with severe necrosis due to paraphimosis?

    Amputation may be required

  • 80

    What diagnostic method is helpful for identifying focal lesions in the testes or epididymis?

    Ultrasonography

  • 81

    What is an important purpose of preputial cytology?

    To identify the presence of infection or abnormal cells in balanoposthitis

  • 82

    What is one reason sedation or general anesthesia may be required when examining cats for penile or preputial disorders?

    Pain or difficulty in manual examination, Thorough examination to the level of the fornix

  • 83

    Which step helps to prevent reoccurrence of balanoposthitis?

    Clipping long hair away from the preputial orifice

  • 84

    When semen collection is necessary, which challenge may occur in ill or painful cats?

    Semen collection is difficult

  • 85

    What is the typical sign of mucopurulent discharge in cats indicative of?

    Balanoposthitis

  • 86

    For paraphimosis of longer duration or severe cases, what may be needed?

    Sedation or general anesthesia, Incision of preputial skin

  • 87

    What preventative measure can be taken to avoid a constricting band causing paraphimosis?

    Clip hair at the preputial orifice

  • 88

    What consequence may develop if a urethral injury is identified during treatment of paraphimosis?

    Temporary indwelling urinary catheter to prevent stricture formation

  • 89

    Which therapy is NOT indicated for balanoposthitis in cats?

    Systemic antifungals (unless a fungal cause is documented)

  • 90

    Which structure's involvement should be palpated for in male feline reproductive illness?

    Vas deferens and pampiniform vessels