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DYSTOCIA
35問 • 5ヶ月前
  • Rein
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is dystocia?

    Difficulty in parturition

  • 2

    What is the approximate incidence of dystocia in mares?

    4%

  • 3

    What stages of labor are involved when dystocia occurs?

    1st and 2nd stage

  • 4

    Why is dystocia considered a life-threatening situation?

    It endangers the foal and reduces future reproductive performance of the mare

  • 5

    What is necessary to determine the cause of dystocia?

    Examination of the birth canal and fetus

  • 6

    What may be administered to the mare to adequately restrain her during examination?

    Epidural anesthesia

  • 7

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended hygiene protocol before assisting with dystocia?

    Using povidone-iodine to scrub perineum, Bandaging the tail

  • 8

    What should be assessed regarding the birth canal before obstetric procedures?

    Size, evidence of previous trauma, degree of relaxation

  • 9

    Which obstetric procedure involves pushing the fetus back into the uterus to correct position?

    Repulsion

  • 10

    What is rotation during dystocia correction?

    Turning the fetus on its long axis to bring into dorso-sacral position

  • 11

    What is version in obstetrics?

    Turning the fetus on its transverse axis to convert a transverse to longitudinal presentation

  • 12

    When may forced extraction be attempted?

    After fetal malposture has been corrected

  • 13

    Traction snares or chains should be used around which part of the foal?

    Pastern (for positioning the head, not to exert traction on the head)

  • 14

    How many people should limit the force during forced extraction?

    2 to 3 people

  • 15

    Which obstetric procedures may be done under general anesthesia with the mare’s hind limbs mechanically raised?

    Mutation and forced extraction

  • 16

    Which statement is TRUE regarding fetotomy in mares?

    Complete fetotomy is rarely required in the mare; partial fetotomy usually suffices.

  • 17

    What type of anesthesia is appropriate for minimizing straining during fetotomy in mares?

    Epidural anesthesia and sedation

  • 18

    When is general anesthesia indicated during fetotomy in mares?

    When one or two cuts are anticipated

  • 19

    List two possible sequelae to fetotomy in mares.

    Retained placenta, Metritis

  • 20

    What complication can result from delayed uterine involution post-fetotomy?

    Laminitis

  • 21

    Which presentation of the fetus is an indication for caesarean section in mares?

    Transverse presentation

  • 22

    Why is an oversized fetus a rare indication for caesarean section in mares?

    Because the mare controls fetal size, not the stallion

  • 23

    What is the recommended surgical approach for caesarean section in the mare?

    Midline celiotomy

  • 24

    During caesarean section, along which uterine structure is the incision made?

    Greater curvature

  • 25

    What suture technique helps control uterine hemorrhage during a mare caesarean section?

    Continuous/interlocking suture around the entire incision margin

  • 26

    What care should be taken during uterine closure after caesarean section?

    Avoid including the placenta in the suture

  • 27

    What drug and dose should be administered to assist uterine involution and membrane expulsion after caesarean section?

    5-10 IU oxytocin IV

  • 28

    What type of medication is recommended postoperatively to reduce pain from uterine contractions in mares?

    Low dose NSAIDs

  • 29

    Which of the following is NOT a possible postoperative complication of caesarean section in mares?

    Hypocalcemia

  • 30

    When should you check by rectal palpation for early adhesions following caesarean section in mares?

    After 4 days

  • 31

    What is the usual management for early post-caesarean intra-abdominal adhesions in mares?

    Break down manually by rectal palpation

  • 32

    The severity of fetotomy sequelae is proportional to what two factors?

    Number of cuts required, Duration of labor prior to presentation

  • 33

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for caesarean section in mares?

    Normal birth canal with normal fetal posture

  • 34

    True or False: General anesthesia during caesarean section should be maintained in a light plane to avoid fetal respiratory depression.

    True

  • 35

    What is the primary maternal mortality risk during caesarean section in the mare?

    Hemorrhage from the uterine incision

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is dystocia?

    Difficulty in parturition

  • 2

    What is the approximate incidence of dystocia in mares?

    4%

  • 3

    What stages of labor are involved when dystocia occurs?

    1st and 2nd stage

  • 4

    Why is dystocia considered a life-threatening situation?

    It endangers the foal and reduces future reproductive performance of the mare

  • 5

    What is necessary to determine the cause of dystocia?

    Examination of the birth canal and fetus

  • 6

    What may be administered to the mare to adequately restrain her during examination?

    Epidural anesthesia

  • 7

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended hygiene protocol before assisting with dystocia?

    Using povidone-iodine to scrub perineum, Bandaging the tail

  • 8

    What should be assessed regarding the birth canal before obstetric procedures?

    Size, evidence of previous trauma, degree of relaxation

  • 9

    Which obstetric procedure involves pushing the fetus back into the uterus to correct position?

    Repulsion

  • 10

    What is rotation during dystocia correction?

    Turning the fetus on its long axis to bring into dorso-sacral position

  • 11

    What is version in obstetrics?

    Turning the fetus on its transverse axis to convert a transverse to longitudinal presentation

  • 12

    When may forced extraction be attempted?

    After fetal malposture has been corrected

  • 13

    Traction snares or chains should be used around which part of the foal?

    Pastern (for positioning the head, not to exert traction on the head)

  • 14

    How many people should limit the force during forced extraction?

    2 to 3 people

  • 15

    Which obstetric procedures may be done under general anesthesia with the mare’s hind limbs mechanically raised?

    Mutation and forced extraction

  • 16

    Which statement is TRUE regarding fetotomy in mares?

    Complete fetotomy is rarely required in the mare; partial fetotomy usually suffices.

  • 17

    What type of anesthesia is appropriate for minimizing straining during fetotomy in mares?

    Epidural anesthesia and sedation

  • 18

    When is general anesthesia indicated during fetotomy in mares?

    When one or two cuts are anticipated

  • 19

    List two possible sequelae to fetotomy in mares.

    Retained placenta, Metritis

  • 20

    What complication can result from delayed uterine involution post-fetotomy?

    Laminitis

  • 21

    Which presentation of the fetus is an indication for caesarean section in mares?

    Transverse presentation

  • 22

    Why is an oversized fetus a rare indication for caesarean section in mares?

    Because the mare controls fetal size, not the stallion

  • 23

    What is the recommended surgical approach for caesarean section in the mare?

    Midline celiotomy

  • 24

    During caesarean section, along which uterine structure is the incision made?

    Greater curvature

  • 25

    What suture technique helps control uterine hemorrhage during a mare caesarean section?

    Continuous/interlocking suture around the entire incision margin

  • 26

    What care should be taken during uterine closure after caesarean section?

    Avoid including the placenta in the suture

  • 27

    What drug and dose should be administered to assist uterine involution and membrane expulsion after caesarean section?

    5-10 IU oxytocin IV

  • 28

    What type of medication is recommended postoperatively to reduce pain from uterine contractions in mares?

    Low dose NSAIDs

  • 29

    Which of the following is NOT a possible postoperative complication of caesarean section in mares?

    Hypocalcemia

  • 30

    When should you check by rectal palpation for early adhesions following caesarean section in mares?

    After 4 days

  • 31

    What is the usual management for early post-caesarean intra-abdominal adhesions in mares?

    Break down manually by rectal palpation

  • 32

    The severity of fetotomy sequelae is proportional to what two factors?

    Number of cuts required, Duration of labor prior to presentation

  • 33

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for caesarean section in mares?

    Normal birth canal with normal fetal posture

  • 34

    True or False: General anesthesia during caesarean section should be maintained in a light plane to avoid fetal respiratory depression.

    True

  • 35

    What is the primary maternal mortality risk during caesarean section in the mare?

    Hemorrhage from the uterine incision