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REPRODUCTIVE FELINE PART 1
69問 • 5ヶ月前
  • Rein
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What does dystocia refer to?

    Abnormal or difficult birth

  • 2

    Which of the following is NOT a maternal cause of dystocia?

    Oversized fetus

  • 3

    Which fetal condition can contribute to dystocia?

    Fetal hydrocephalus, Fetal anasarca

  • 4

    Is transverse presentation considered an abnormal presentation during birth?

    Yes

  • 5

    In the bitch and queen, is breech presentation considered an abnormality?

    No

  • 6

    Which of the following situations should prompt consideration of dystocia?

    Strong abdominal contractions lasting 1-2 hours without passing a puppy or kitten

  • 7

    How long after a drop in rectal temperature to 100F (37.7C) should parturition occur to avoid suspecting dystocia?

    Within 24 hours

  • 8

    What is an abnormal vulvar discharge suggesting dystocia?

    Frank blood, Dark green discharge before any neonates are born

  • 9

    Which procedure helps determine the cause of dystocia and the animal’s condition?

    Thorough history taking

  • 10

    What is the normal color of vaginal discharge at parturition?

    Dark green

  • 11

    What diagnostic method can determine the number, size, position, and viability of fetuses?

    Radiography and ultrasound

  • 12

    When is medical management of dystocia considered appropriate?

    Condition of dam and fetuses are stable, Proper fetal position and presentation, No obstruction

  • 13

    What is the recommended initial dose range for oxytocin in bitches for dystocia?

    3-20U IM

  • 14

    What should be done if there is no response to oxytocin in dystocia management?

    Perform cesarean section (CS)

  • 15

    Which is NOT an indication for surgery in dystocia cases?

    Stable condition with normal progression

  • 16

    What behaviors are considered normal maternal behavior?

    Nursing, Retrieving, Grooming, Protecting neonates

  • 17

    Why is grooming by the mother important for neonates?

    Stimulates cardiovascular and respiratory function, Stimulates elimination, Removes waste material from the coat

  • 18

    Which clinical sign may indicate inappropriate maternal behavior?

    Mother is restless and won't stay in the box, Neonates constantly crying

  • 19

    What treatment may be used for a dam displaying inappropriate maternal behavior?

    Tranquilization of the mother

  • 20

    Which drug should NOT be used for tranquilization in bitches exhibiting inappropriate maternal behavior?

    Diazepam 10 mg/kg

  • 21

    What is the most common sign of vaginal hyperplasia?

    A mass protruding from the vulva

  • 22

    Vaginal hyperplasia is usually caused by which hormonal influence?

    Estrogenic stimulation

  • 23

    What happens to vaginal hyperplasia as estrogen levels decline?

    It resolves spontaneously

  • 24

    How can estrogenic stimulation be confirmed in vaginal hyperplasia?

    Cornification of vaginal epithelial cells, Presence of serosanguineous estrous discharge, Presence of estrous behavior

  • 25

    What is a key differential diagnosis for vaginal hyperplasia?

    Vaginal neoplasia

  • 26

    What should be done if the hyperplastic vaginal tissue is not causing problems?

    No therapy is indicated

  • 27

    What is recommended if hyperplastic tissue protrudes from the vulva?

    Keep clean and moist, Apply antibiotic ointment, Use an Elizabethan collar

  • 28

    What is the treatment of choice to permanently correct vaginal hyperplasia and prevent recurrence?

    Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)

  • 29

    What must be determined before choosing therapy for dystocia?

    Cause of dystocia (obstructive or non-obstructive), Condition of the animal

  • 30

    Which breeds are more likely to experience dystocia?

    Certain breeds have increased risk

  • 31

    Which is NOT required for thorough history when evaluating dystocia?

    Owner's vaccination status

  • 32

    What can necessitate immediate cesarean section in a laboring animal?

    Presence of systemic disease

  • 33

    Which presentation of the fetus is abnormal and may require intervention?

    Transverse

  • 34

    Which rest period during active labor is cause for concern and suggests dystocia?

    >4-6 hours

  • 35

    An owner should intervene to protect neonates when the dam does which of the following?

    Cannibalizes her litter, Displays fear-induced behaviors

  • 36

    What is the recommended oxytocin dosage in queens experiencing dystocia?

    2-5U IM

  • 37

    Which of the following is a sign of vaginal hyperplasia with prolonged tissue exposure?

    Tissue becomes dry and fissures develop

  • 38

    Which diagnostic technique is used to evaluate patency of the birth canal and fetal position during dystocia?

    Sterile vaginal examination

  • 39

    What is the danger in leaving litters unattended with an affected queen?

    Cannibalism or harm to the neonates may occur

  • 40

    Which vaginal change is indicative of estrogenic stimulation?

    Cornification of the vaginal epithelial cells

  • 41

    How is dystocia diagnosed via maternal history?

    History of previous dystocia or reproductive tract obstruction

  • 42

    Which stage of the estrus cycle is associated with the development of vaginal hyperplasia?

    Proestrus and estrus

  • 43

    What should be used to prevent self-trauma in animals with protruding vaginal hyperplasia?

    Elizabethan collar

  • 44

    Which of the following is TRUE regarding medical management of dystocia?

    It is possible only when no obstruction and both dam and fetuses are stable

  • 45

    Can recurrence of vaginal hyperplasia occur after surgical resection?

    Yes, recurrence is common

  • 46

    What is a clear sign that a queen or bitch is in obvious pain during labor?

    Crying, licking, or biting the vulva

  • 47

    What is the purpose of applying antibiotic ointment to hyperplastic vaginal tissue protruding from the vulva?

    Prevent infection

  • 48

    Why should affected queens NOT be used for breeding?

    Higher likelihood of inappropriate maternal behavior recurring

  • 49

    When does normal vaginal discharge become abnormal during parturition?

    Abnormal color or character develops

  • 50

    What is mastitis?

    Inflammation of the mammary glands associated with bacterial infection

  • 51

    In which animals does mastitis most commonly occur post-partum?

    Bitches (female dogs)

  • 52

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing mastitis?

    Daily exercise

  • 53

    How may milk from mastitic glands appear?

    Normal grossly or abnormal in color or consistency

  • 54

    Which is true about acute mastitis?

    Affected glands are hot and painful

  • 55

    What are potential signs of acute septic mastitis?

    Fever, depression, anorexia, lethargy

  • 56

    What is a common complaint in chronic or subclinical mastitis?

    Failure of the offspring to thrive

  • 57

    How is mastitis typically diagnosed?

    History and physical examination, Microscopic examination of milk

  • 58

    What should be done before beginning therapy for mastitis?

    Collect a milk sample for bacterial culture and sensitivity

  • 59

    Which antibiotics should be avoided during lactation unless the neonates are weaned?

    Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, or aminoglycosides

  • 60

    Which are recommended as initial therapeutic agents for mastitis pending culture results?

    Cephalexin, Amoxicillin/clavulanate

  • 61

    What should NOT be done to the affected mammary parts?

    Packed

  • 62

    What additional therapy is indicated in animals with septic mastitis who are dehydrated or in shock?

    Fluid therapy

  • 63

    What should you do if a mammary gland is abscessed?

    Lanced, drained, flushed, and treated as an open wound

  • 64

    When is non-septic mastitis most commonly seen?

    At weaning

  • 65

    How can non-septic mastitis be characterized?

    Glands are warm, swollen, painful; animal is alert and healthy

  • 66

    How often should warm compresses be applied for mastitis?

    4-6 times daily

  • 67

    What is one possible presentation of mastitis in animals?

    Asymptomatic

  • 68

    In the diagnosis of mastitis, milk from which animals should be evaluated?

    Each gland in any post-partum queen

  • 69

    What may happen if acute mastitis progresses?

    It may become septic mastitis with systemic signs

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What does dystocia refer to?

    Abnormal or difficult birth

  • 2

    Which of the following is NOT a maternal cause of dystocia?

    Oversized fetus

  • 3

    Which fetal condition can contribute to dystocia?

    Fetal hydrocephalus, Fetal anasarca

  • 4

    Is transverse presentation considered an abnormal presentation during birth?

    Yes

  • 5

    In the bitch and queen, is breech presentation considered an abnormality?

    No

  • 6

    Which of the following situations should prompt consideration of dystocia?

    Strong abdominal contractions lasting 1-2 hours without passing a puppy or kitten

  • 7

    How long after a drop in rectal temperature to 100F (37.7C) should parturition occur to avoid suspecting dystocia?

    Within 24 hours

  • 8

    What is an abnormal vulvar discharge suggesting dystocia?

    Frank blood, Dark green discharge before any neonates are born

  • 9

    Which procedure helps determine the cause of dystocia and the animal’s condition?

    Thorough history taking

  • 10

    What is the normal color of vaginal discharge at parturition?

    Dark green

  • 11

    What diagnostic method can determine the number, size, position, and viability of fetuses?

    Radiography and ultrasound

  • 12

    When is medical management of dystocia considered appropriate?

    Condition of dam and fetuses are stable, Proper fetal position and presentation, No obstruction

  • 13

    What is the recommended initial dose range for oxytocin in bitches for dystocia?

    3-20U IM

  • 14

    What should be done if there is no response to oxytocin in dystocia management?

    Perform cesarean section (CS)

  • 15

    Which is NOT an indication for surgery in dystocia cases?

    Stable condition with normal progression

  • 16

    What behaviors are considered normal maternal behavior?

    Nursing, Retrieving, Grooming, Protecting neonates

  • 17

    Why is grooming by the mother important for neonates?

    Stimulates cardiovascular and respiratory function, Stimulates elimination, Removes waste material from the coat

  • 18

    Which clinical sign may indicate inappropriate maternal behavior?

    Mother is restless and won't stay in the box, Neonates constantly crying

  • 19

    What treatment may be used for a dam displaying inappropriate maternal behavior?

    Tranquilization of the mother

  • 20

    Which drug should NOT be used for tranquilization in bitches exhibiting inappropriate maternal behavior?

    Diazepam 10 mg/kg

  • 21

    What is the most common sign of vaginal hyperplasia?

    A mass protruding from the vulva

  • 22

    Vaginal hyperplasia is usually caused by which hormonal influence?

    Estrogenic stimulation

  • 23

    What happens to vaginal hyperplasia as estrogen levels decline?

    It resolves spontaneously

  • 24

    How can estrogenic stimulation be confirmed in vaginal hyperplasia?

    Cornification of vaginal epithelial cells, Presence of serosanguineous estrous discharge, Presence of estrous behavior

  • 25

    What is a key differential diagnosis for vaginal hyperplasia?

    Vaginal neoplasia

  • 26

    What should be done if the hyperplastic vaginal tissue is not causing problems?

    No therapy is indicated

  • 27

    What is recommended if hyperplastic tissue protrudes from the vulva?

    Keep clean and moist, Apply antibiotic ointment, Use an Elizabethan collar

  • 28

    What is the treatment of choice to permanently correct vaginal hyperplasia and prevent recurrence?

    Ovariohysterectomy (OVH)

  • 29

    What must be determined before choosing therapy for dystocia?

    Cause of dystocia (obstructive or non-obstructive), Condition of the animal

  • 30

    Which breeds are more likely to experience dystocia?

    Certain breeds have increased risk

  • 31

    Which is NOT required for thorough history when evaluating dystocia?

    Owner's vaccination status

  • 32

    What can necessitate immediate cesarean section in a laboring animal?

    Presence of systemic disease

  • 33

    Which presentation of the fetus is abnormal and may require intervention?

    Transverse

  • 34

    Which rest period during active labor is cause for concern and suggests dystocia?

    >4-6 hours

  • 35

    An owner should intervene to protect neonates when the dam does which of the following?

    Cannibalizes her litter, Displays fear-induced behaviors

  • 36

    What is the recommended oxytocin dosage in queens experiencing dystocia?

    2-5U IM

  • 37

    Which of the following is a sign of vaginal hyperplasia with prolonged tissue exposure?

    Tissue becomes dry and fissures develop

  • 38

    Which diagnostic technique is used to evaluate patency of the birth canal and fetal position during dystocia?

    Sterile vaginal examination

  • 39

    What is the danger in leaving litters unattended with an affected queen?

    Cannibalism or harm to the neonates may occur

  • 40

    Which vaginal change is indicative of estrogenic stimulation?

    Cornification of the vaginal epithelial cells

  • 41

    How is dystocia diagnosed via maternal history?

    History of previous dystocia or reproductive tract obstruction

  • 42

    Which stage of the estrus cycle is associated with the development of vaginal hyperplasia?

    Proestrus and estrus

  • 43

    What should be used to prevent self-trauma in animals with protruding vaginal hyperplasia?

    Elizabethan collar

  • 44

    Which of the following is TRUE regarding medical management of dystocia?

    It is possible only when no obstruction and both dam and fetuses are stable

  • 45

    Can recurrence of vaginal hyperplasia occur after surgical resection?

    Yes, recurrence is common

  • 46

    What is a clear sign that a queen or bitch is in obvious pain during labor?

    Crying, licking, or biting the vulva

  • 47

    What is the purpose of applying antibiotic ointment to hyperplastic vaginal tissue protruding from the vulva?

    Prevent infection

  • 48

    Why should affected queens NOT be used for breeding?

    Higher likelihood of inappropriate maternal behavior recurring

  • 49

    When does normal vaginal discharge become abnormal during parturition?

    Abnormal color or character develops

  • 50

    What is mastitis?

    Inflammation of the mammary glands associated with bacterial infection

  • 51

    In which animals does mastitis most commonly occur post-partum?

    Bitches (female dogs)

  • 52

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing mastitis?

    Daily exercise

  • 53

    How may milk from mastitic glands appear?

    Normal grossly or abnormal in color or consistency

  • 54

    Which is true about acute mastitis?

    Affected glands are hot and painful

  • 55

    What are potential signs of acute septic mastitis?

    Fever, depression, anorexia, lethargy

  • 56

    What is a common complaint in chronic or subclinical mastitis?

    Failure of the offspring to thrive

  • 57

    How is mastitis typically diagnosed?

    History and physical examination, Microscopic examination of milk

  • 58

    What should be done before beginning therapy for mastitis?

    Collect a milk sample for bacterial culture and sensitivity

  • 59

    Which antibiotics should be avoided during lactation unless the neonates are weaned?

    Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, or aminoglycosides

  • 60

    Which are recommended as initial therapeutic agents for mastitis pending culture results?

    Cephalexin, Amoxicillin/clavulanate

  • 61

    What should NOT be done to the affected mammary parts?

    Packed

  • 62

    What additional therapy is indicated in animals with septic mastitis who are dehydrated or in shock?

    Fluid therapy

  • 63

    What should you do if a mammary gland is abscessed?

    Lanced, drained, flushed, and treated as an open wound

  • 64

    When is non-septic mastitis most commonly seen?

    At weaning

  • 65

    How can non-septic mastitis be characterized?

    Glands are warm, swollen, painful; animal is alert and healthy

  • 66

    How often should warm compresses be applied for mastitis?

    4-6 times daily

  • 67

    What is one possible presentation of mastitis in animals?

    Asymptomatic

  • 68

    In the diagnosis of mastitis, milk from which animals should be evaluated?

    Each gland in any post-partum queen

  • 69

    What may happen if acute mastitis progresses?

    It may become septic mastitis with systemic signs