PURCOM

39問 • 1年前

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is derived from the Latin word “communicare”, which means to share or to make common (Weekley, 1967); and “communis”, which means common.

Communication

According to this person “is the exchange of meanings between individuals through a common system of symbols”

Britannica 2024

According to this “is used to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals, i.e. hands, and emotions”

Cambridge dictionary

Where messages can be derived from the experiences or background knowledge stored in the brain.

Communication is a schema driven

Whatever message was sent, it can never be undone and may impact the listener, whether attempted to retrieve, repeat, or reverse.

Communication is irreversible

Verbal communication depicts messages used with words, while nonverbal communication involves the body and other objects.

Communication can be verbal and non verbal

Internal, or intrapersonal communication is talking to oneself without putting thoughts into words. What was written, spoken or items that give impressions are external communication.

Communication can be internal and external

Extending communication with other people is also known as intrapersonal communication.

Communication can be between two people as well as within groups

Any type of interaction that makes use of spoken words and may include extra-linguistic components such as inflection and tone when one speaks. Words in verbal communication can possess denotative or connotative meanings.

Verbal communication

Constitutes of body language that may convey messages i.e. gestures, facial expressions, reactions, and self-presentations.

Non verbal communication

Uses codified language or accepted writing system of a certain culture allowing a wider reach of audience eliminating the need for speech.

Written communication

Involves skills in visualization through materials that are more seen than read, by using symbols, graphs, charts, logos, etc.

Visual communication

the person responsible for initiating in communicating a message.

Sender

the person who accepts the message and must translate, process, and determine how to respond to the sender.

Receiver

a communication or statement conveyed from one person or group to another.

Message

a medium used to transport messages between the source and receiver, i.e. in-person, via technology, or the like.

Channel

an interference or disturbance that takes place during the communication process, this may take different forms such as (a) Physical barriers, (b) Natural or Environmental barriers, or (c) Language barriers.

Noise or barriers

the process of determining the message has been properly received which can be initiated by the sender or receiver, this may be a positive or negative feedback. This can also provide an opportunity for clarification.

Feedback

another way of considering the setting of communication, this is focused on the factors in determining the meaning of the message. Communication point-of-view has four (4) keywords: (a) process, (b) understanding, (c) sharing, and (d) meaning.

Context

the act of knowing how the communication takes place to understand the context.

Process

this relates to the perception and interpretation of what we already know about the message delivered (McLean, 2003).

Understanding

also known as intrapersonal communication, or how the thoughts, feelings, ideas, or insights other people may have contributed to the message.

Sharing

the discovery of the meaning of the message and understanding it.

Meaning

The ______ acts as the transmitter which converts the message into signals.

Encoder

The _____ serves as the reception place of the signal that converts signals into messages. The receiver is the destination of the message sent by the sender.

Decoder

The ability to be clear about the goal or the message sent to communicate.

Clear

The act of sticking to a certain point and keeping the idea brief.

Concise

Important details were emphasized and focused.

Concrete

Avoiding errors and mistakes in communication.

Correct

All ideas and points are logical and relevant to the topic of the message.

Coherent

The information and points are complete and ready to be taken action.

Complete

No hidden insults or passive-aggressive tones avoiding double-meaning interpretations making communication open and honest.

Courteous

the idea or message to be communicated should be spelled out, and no ambiguity in the message.

Principle of clarity

to make communication effective, the receiver’s attention should be drawn towards the message.

Principle of attention

there should be feedback information from the recipient to know whether he has understood the message in the same sense in which the sender has meant it.

Principle of feedback

formal communication is generally used for transmitting messages and other information but sometimes it may not achieve the desired results, so informal communication may prove effective in such situations.

Principle of informality

this principle states that communication should always be consistent with the policies, plans, and objectives of the organization and not in conflict with them.

Principle of consistency

this principle states that communication should be done at the proper time so that it helps in implementing plans.

Principle of timeliness

the information communicated should be adequate and complete in all respects for making proper decisions and making action plans.

Principle of adequacy

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