Phonology

15問 • 1年前

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It is the study of the systematic patterning in organization of speech sounds. Source: Evan Ashworth [https://youtu.be/wA9--WJSPws?si=W9Es2gq1hFt0tHfb]

phonology

Two phones can be the same object on some abstract conceptual level, despite being being physically different. This object is called ______, and its various physical realities as phones are called its a_______es. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 166

phoneme

Being allophones of a phoneme can be used in different situations, called en______s. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 166

environments

Each language has its own set of p_______cs, which are language-specific restrictions on what combinations of physical units are allowed in which environments. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 169

phonotactics

The overall pattern of environments where a given physical unit can occur is called its d_______ion. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 170

distribution

N______ c_____ is a set of phones that share some phonetic properties (in this case, place and manner of articulation) and also share some phonological behaviour (in this case, being governed by the same phonotactic restriction). Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 170

natural class

If two phones have overlapping distributions, such that there are at least some environments where they both can occur, two phones have c_______ distribution. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 172

contrastive

A m____ p_____ is two signs that have the same articulation except for one parameter. That parameter is that two phones can make two words. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 172

minimal pair

A _____-minimal pair looks almost like a minimal pair, except these are one or more additional differences elsewhere in the word besides the crucial position. Examples: the English pair [plɛʒr̩] pleasure and [prɛʃr̩] pressure. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 173

near

________ words are words that we make up for one-time use, such as for linguistic experimentation. We can construct nonce words that fill in minimal pair gaps, and if speakers agree that the nonce word is a valid hypothetical word of the language, then we can be more sure that the phones in question do in fact contrast with each other. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 173

nonce

Two phones may instead have c______ d______ with environments that never overlap. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 175

complementary distribution

P______ a_______ is the process of analyzing a spoken language to figure out what its phonemes are, what the allophones are of those phonemes, and what each allophone's distribution is. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 178

phonemic analysis

The ____ diacritic [ ̥] under a symbol indicates that the phone is voiceless rather than voiced. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 185

ring

This model is designed to mimic how language presumable works: we begin with some mental representation of a word in our mind, and then sometime later, we articulate that word. This overall process called a p_______ d_______, and the individual components of this process that change the phonemes are our phonological rules. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 195

phonological derivation

Perhaps the most common general type of phonological rule we find is a______ion, when a phoneme changes to an allophone that matches some aspect of its environment. Source: Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Pg. 200

assimilation

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Carlo Cariaga · 47問 · 2年前

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