P1 - Philo

74問 • 1年前

問題一覧

It's a complicated sounding way of reasoning that's based on assuming that what you've already seen tells you about what you'll find next. Philosophers call this the _____________. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 13

problem of induction

This theory says that you can accept certain basic beliefs without absolute proof if discarding them would require throwing away many of your other beliefs. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 14

principle of belief conservation

This knowledge as what philosophers call knowledge as ____, ______ belief. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 15

justified, true

_______ claims are about things ‘out there’ in the world that you know about through sense perception, through experience and through measurement. This is what philsophers call empirical knowledge. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 17

objective

______ claims are based on things like your personal opinions, your values, your judgements, and your preferences. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 17

subjective

Aristotle spent _____ years studying under Plato. However, Plato didn't manage to persuade his student. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 17

_________ is what we call now physics. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 19

natural philosophy

He was a philosopher believed that your brain is a kind of blank tablet or wax on which external objects continually make marks. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 20

John Locke

According to J. Locke, the _____ qualities — colours, smells, sounds, and so on — are in ‘truth’. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 20

secondary

According to J. Locke, the ______ qualities are somehow fundamental and inseparable from the object, being solidity, extension, figure, whether the object's at rest or in motion, and number. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 20

primary

Who is the bishop who devised the doctrine esse est percipi (to be is to be perceived)? Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 21

George Berkeley

On page 54 of Philosophy for Dummies, who is a physicist says that the only way to approach the core of truths of reality is through philosophy?

Albert Einstein

The word philosophy means ______. Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

love of wisdom

A major theme of philosophy about the study of the universe and reality? Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

metaphysics

A major theme of philosophy about how to create a valid argument? Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

logic

A major theme of philosophy about the study of knowledge and how we acquire it? Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

epistemology

A major theme of philosophy about the study of art and beauty? Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

aesthetics

A major theme of philosophy about the study of political rights, government, and the role of citizens? Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

politics

A major theme of philosophy about the study of morality and how one should live his life? Source: Introduction - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

ethics

It's the primary principle, which was the basic material of the universe. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

archê

The first pre-Socratic philosophers exixted in the city of ________, along the western coast of Anatolia (modern Turkey) Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Miletus

He's a pre-Socratic philosopher who believed that archê (single element) was water. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Thales

A pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus who said that the single element was an undefined, unlimited, and indefinite substance, known as apeiron. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Anaximander

A last pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus who believed that air was the single element. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Anaximenes

A philosopher and mathematician who believed that everything is could be predicted and measured with the use of mathematics. Moreover, numbers were sacred for him. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Pythagoras

From Ephesian school, there was someone believed that fire was a manifestation of everything, and also it was the single element. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Heraclitus of Ephesus

A pre-Socratic philosopher believed there was one god who didn't move physically, but was capable of hearing, seeing, and thinking. This god could control the world with his thoughts. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Xenophanes of Colophon

This pre-Socratic philosopher stated that one would be able to arrive at the truth only through reason, not senses. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Parmenides of Elea

Like Parmenides, this student of his believed that things like plurality and motion were illusions. However, reality existed as one thing. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Zeno of Elea

He was a pre-Socratic philosopher said that when a thing is X, it has to be always X (and never not X). Therefore, when something is cold, it can never stop being cold. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Melissus of Samos

A pre-Socratic philosopher believed that every object is made up of atoms and void (empty space that atoms move in) that are arranged in different ways. Source: Pre-Socratic - Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman

Democritus

What we call now sciene was merely a branch of philosophy, and it is called ____________. Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 25

philosophy of nature

He is often described as the ‘first’ true philosopher (although that is a rather debatable claim). Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 26

Thales

Amongst Thales' achievements was predicting the eclipse of ___ BCE. Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 26

585

Who said that he'd rather discover ‘one true cause’ than gain the kingdom of Persia? Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 27

Democritus

Plato called time ‘a moving image of eternity’ but ________ said that time is the result of change in the material world. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 28

Aristotle

The philosopher believed that space (void) is neither made up of matter nor entirely abstract like ideas and concepts. It was something in between. Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 28

Plato

He said that pure reason is good enough to tell you about the space (void). Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 28

René Descartes

Who was Isaac Newton's rival? Hint: G.T. Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 31

Gottfried Leibniz

These people think that events such as people's action are caused, or predetermined. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 32

determinists

He invented not so much geometry but a mathematical system for proving claims. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 33

Euclid

We know Socrates based on the written works of his students and contemporaries such as Plato, _________, and _________. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Socrates

Xenophon, Aristophanes

According to Plato, the soul can be broken down into three parts (also known as the tripartite theory of soul): 1. _________ - This is the part of the soul responsible for thinking and understanding (rational decisions) 2. _________ - This is part of the soul responsible for all desires that want victory and honor. 3. _________ - This is the part of the soul where basic cravings and desires come from such as thrist, hunger, overeating, sexual excess, and unlawful urges. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Plato

1. Reason 2. Spirit 3. Appetite

Aristotle created his own school. It was called _________. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

Lyceum

To Aristotle, the process of learning could be placed into three distinct categories: _______, ________, and ________. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

theoretical, practical, productive

A _______ is a type of reasoning whereby a conclusion can be deduced based on a series of specific premises or assumptions. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

syllogism

This law of logic states that X is X. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the law of identity

This law of logic states that X can't be X and not X simultaneously. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the law of noncontradiction

This law of logic claims that the statement can be either true or false; there cannot be middle ground. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the law of the exluded middle

One of the Aristotle's causes that explains what something is made of. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the material cause

One of the Aristotle's causes that explains what form something takes. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the formal cause

One of the Aristotle's causes that explains the process of how something comes into being. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the efficient cause

One of the Aristotle's causes that explains the purpose of something serves. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

the final cause

The Greek word axioma literally means ___________. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 33

worthy of respect

These 2 groups of people soon complicated things by deciding that they needed fractions, also called rational numbers. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 33

Egyptians and Mesopotamians

________ and his followers discovered irrational numbers such as square root of two. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 34

Pythagoras

In Plato's theory of forms, the form (idea or concept) doesn't exist in any everyday life, material sense. It's only in an eternal realm, which can be accessed only by reason or what Plato calls _________ or noesis. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 37

intellection

Plato calls _______ a ‘Socrates gone mad’ Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 40

Diogenes

To Aristotle, these two things are the ultimate type of happiness: Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Aristotle

Living a life of intellectual contemplation and using reason

This theory states that the identity of something is dependent upon the identity of that thing's component parts. It's acronym is MTI. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Ship of Theseus

the mereological theory of identity

This theory states that an object can have a continuous path in space-time, as long as the change is gradual and the shape and form are preserved. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Ship of Theseus

spatiotemporal continuity

According to Francis Bacon, _______ philosophy established by religion and superstition was the worst type of false notion. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Francis Bacon

superstitious

The deductive method uses logic, and the inductive method uses _____. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - Francis Bacon

nature

What is another name for Socratic method beside dialectical reasoning? Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 42

elenchus

He was a pre-Socratic philosopher who said that, “You cannot step into the same river twice.” Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 59

Heraclitus

A pre-Socratic philosopher who suggested that man had evolved from fish. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 58

Anaximander

Because of the influence of this pre-Socratic philosopher, Plato rejected information obtained in the everyday world of the senses. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 59

Heraclitus

He's a pre-Socratic philosopher and the first person who brought the concept of reincarnation and heaven and hell to the Western world. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 59

Pythagoras

According to the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge, to have knowledge of something must satisfy three conditions: __________, __________, and __________. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Cow in The Field

belief, truth, justification

This theory states that a belief cannot be based on a belief that is false. It's one of the main theories that attempt to fix the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Cow in The Field

no false belief condition

This theory states that there has to be a causal connection between knowledge and belief. It's one of the main theories that attempt to fix the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Cow in The Field

causal connection condition

A reason for a belief must exist that would not exist if the belief itself were false. It's one of the main theories that attempt to fix the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Cow in The Field

conclusive reasons condition

This theory states that as long as there is not evidence pointing to the contrary, a belief is known. It's one of the main theories that attempt to fix the Tripartite Theory of Knowledge. Source: Philosophy 101 by Paul Kleinman - The Cow in The Field

defeasibility condition

A pre-Socratic philosopher, according to him, that killing and murdering animals is cannibalism. Source: Philosophy for Dummies, Pg. 60

Pythagoras

#2 Infinitivos

Carlo Cariaga · 47問 · 2年前

#2 Infinitivos