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FIXATION

FIXATION
35問 • 1年前
  • Chasny Halasan
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    - First and most critical step in tissue processing because if fixation is inadequate, the succeeding tissue processing steps will also be inadequate

    FIXATION

  • 2

    Preserve morphological & chemical integrity of cell in a life- like manner as possible by stopping all cellular activities

    FIXATION

  • 3

    - Performed as soon as tissue is removed from the body

    FIXATION

  • 4

    If tissue/cells are exposed to: AIR

    drying of tissue

  • 5

    If tissue/cells are exposed to: WATER

    swelling of cells

  • 6

    If tissue/cells are exposed to: SALINE

    shrinkage of cells

  • 7

    Mechanism of Fixation: Fixative will forms cross-links between soluble molecules, thus gluing them together into an insoluble meshwork

    Additive Fixation

  • 8

    Mechanism of Fixation: Fixative will not chemically bind with tissue but removes water from tissue protein groups thus causing denaturation of cell proteins

    Non-additive Fixation

  • 9

    What is the fixative of choice?

    10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF)

  • 10

     Morphologic criteria for diagnosis have been established based on Formalin- Fixed Paraffin Embedded Specimen (FFPES)

    10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF)

  • 11

    Fixation must be done __________ after cutting off blood supply (to shorten warm ischemia time)

    20-30

  • 12

    tissue to fixative ratio

    1:10

  • 13

    most common tissue to fixative ratio

    1:20

  • 14

     Osmic acid fixatives tissue to fixative ratio

    1:5

  • 15

    penetration rate of formalin?

    1 mm/hr

  • 16

    thickness of section in Light microscopy

    2cm2 x 0.4cm

  • 17

    thickness of section in Electron microscopy

    1-2 mm2

  • 18

     Optimal pH for fixation?

    6-8

  • 19

    - Optimal Temperature (routine)

    Room temp to 45OC

  • 20

    - Tissue processors

    40 OC

  • 21

    - Microwave processing

    Up to 65OC

  • 22

    - Electron microscopy

    0-4OC

  • 23

    - Tuberculosis

    100OC

  • 24

    - Rapid biopsy

    60 OC

  • 25

    permits general study of tissues without altering the structure of the subjects of interest

    Microanatomical

  • 26

    preserve specific parts of the cell

    Cytological

  • 27

    Preserves chemical constituents of cells & tissues

    Histochemical

  • 28

    What are the Microanatomical fixatives?

    10% NBF, 10% Formol-Saline, Heidenhain’s Susa, Formol-Sublimate/Corrosive, Zenker’s, Zenker-formol (Helly’s), Bouin’s, Brasil’s

  • 29

    What are the Cytological nuclear fixatives?

    Flemming’s with glacial acetic acid, Carnoy’s, Bouin’s, Newcomer’s, Heidenhain’s Susa

  • 30

    What are the Cytological cytoplasmic fixatives?

    Helly’s, Orth’s, Regaud’s/Moller’s, Formalin with Post-chroming, Flemming’s without glacial acetic acid

  • 31

    What are the Histochemical fixatives?

    10% Formol-Saline, Absolute ethanol, Newcomer’s, Acetone

  • 32

    Nuclear fixative preserves the?

    nucleus

  • 33

    Cytoplasmic fixative preserves the?

    organelles

  • 34

    pH of nuclear fixatives?

    pH ≤ 4-6

  • 35

    pH of cytoplasmic fixatives

    pH > 4-6

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    - First and most critical step in tissue processing because if fixation is inadequate, the succeeding tissue processing steps will also be inadequate

    FIXATION

  • 2

    Preserve morphological & chemical integrity of cell in a life- like manner as possible by stopping all cellular activities

    FIXATION

  • 3

    - Performed as soon as tissue is removed from the body

    FIXATION

  • 4

    If tissue/cells are exposed to: AIR

    drying of tissue

  • 5

    If tissue/cells are exposed to: WATER

    swelling of cells

  • 6

    If tissue/cells are exposed to: SALINE

    shrinkage of cells

  • 7

    Mechanism of Fixation: Fixative will forms cross-links between soluble molecules, thus gluing them together into an insoluble meshwork

    Additive Fixation

  • 8

    Mechanism of Fixation: Fixative will not chemically bind with tissue but removes water from tissue protein groups thus causing denaturation of cell proteins

    Non-additive Fixation

  • 9

    What is the fixative of choice?

    10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF)

  • 10

     Morphologic criteria for diagnosis have been established based on Formalin- Fixed Paraffin Embedded Specimen (FFPES)

    10% Neutral Buffered Formalin (NBF)

  • 11

    Fixation must be done __________ after cutting off blood supply (to shorten warm ischemia time)

    20-30

  • 12

    tissue to fixative ratio

    1:10

  • 13

    most common tissue to fixative ratio

    1:20

  • 14

     Osmic acid fixatives tissue to fixative ratio

    1:5

  • 15

    penetration rate of formalin?

    1 mm/hr

  • 16

    thickness of section in Light microscopy

    2cm2 x 0.4cm

  • 17

    thickness of section in Electron microscopy

    1-2 mm2

  • 18

     Optimal pH for fixation?

    6-8

  • 19

    - Optimal Temperature (routine)

    Room temp to 45OC

  • 20

    - Tissue processors

    40 OC

  • 21

    - Microwave processing

    Up to 65OC

  • 22

    - Electron microscopy

    0-4OC

  • 23

    - Tuberculosis

    100OC

  • 24

    - Rapid biopsy

    60 OC

  • 25

    permits general study of tissues without altering the structure of the subjects of interest

    Microanatomical

  • 26

    preserve specific parts of the cell

    Cytological

  • 27

    Preserves chemical constituents of cells & tissues

    Histochemical

  • 28

    What are the Microanatomical fixatives?

    10% NBF, 10% Formol-Saline, Heidenhain’s Susa, Formol-Sublimate/Corrosive, Zenker’s, Zenker-formol (Helly’s), Bouin’s, Brasil’s

  • 29

    What are the Cytological nuclear fixatives?

    Flemming’s with glacial acetic acid, Carnoy’s, Bouin’s, Newcomer’s, Heidenhain’s Susa

  • 30

    What are the Cytological cytoplasmic fixatives?

    Helly’s, Orth’s, Regaud’s/Moller’s, Formalin with Post-chroming, Flemming’s without glacial acetic acid

  • 31

    What are the Histochemical fixatives?

    10% Formol-Saline, Absolute ethanol, Newcomer’s, Acetone

  • 32

    Nuclear fixative preserves the?

    nucleus

  • 33

    Cytoplasmic fixative preserves the?

    organelles

  • 34

    pH of nuclear fixatives?

    pH ≤ 4-6

  • 35

    pH of cytoplasmic fixatives

    pH > 4-6