COMPRE 1

COMPRE 1
96問 • 1年前
  • Chasny Halasan
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    - Changes made by a cell in response to stress or stimuli - May be physiologic or pathologic

    CELLULAR ADAPTATION

  • 2

    Alteration in cell structure or function due to stress or pathologic stimuli

    CELLULAR INJURY

  • 3

    - Occurs after irreversible injury

    CELL DEATH

  • 4

    - Induced by a tightly regulated programe in which cells destined to die activate enzymes that degrade the cells' own proteins and nuclear DNA

    APOPTOSIS

  • 5

    Pathologic cell death

    NECROSIS

  • 6

    - Presence of cleaved, active caspases (cysteine proteases that cleave aspartic acid residue) is a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis

    APOPTOSIS

  • 7

    Cells break up into apoptotic bodies, which are tasty targets for phagocytosis

    APOPTOSIS

  • 8

    Tissue is firm because architecture of dead tissue is preserved

    COAGULATIVE

  • 9

    Tissue becomes liquid viscous mass due to digestion of dead cells

    LIQUAFACTIVE

  • 10

    Due to ischemia and superimposed bacterial infection

    GANGRENOUS

  • 11

    Sterile necrosis

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 12

    Nonsterile necrosis (due to bacterial infection)

    WET GANGRENE

  • 13

    Means ‘cheese-like’

    CASEOUS

  • 14

    Fat destruction due to pancreatic lipase

    FAT

  • 15

    Seen in immune reactions when antigen- antibody complexes are deposited in walls of arteries

    FIBRINOID

  • 16

    localized area of coagulative necrosis

    INFARCT

  • 17

    Eosinophilic due to denaturation of proteins AND enzymes

    COAGULATIVE

  • 18

    Occurs on affected tissue when vessel is obstructed, except brain

    COAGULATIVE

  • 19

    Occurs during microbial infection Creamy yellow because of pus

    LIQUAFACTIVE

  • 20

    Affects CNS

    LIQUAFACTIVE

  • 21

    Combination of coagulation and liquefaction necrosis

    GANGRENOUS

  • 22

    Arterial occlusion

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 23

    sharp demarcation line

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 24

    less foul odor

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 25

    Vein occlusion

    WET GANGRENE

  • 26

    no sharp demarcation line

    WET GANGRENE

  • 27

    foul odor

    WET GANGRENE

  • 28

    Friable white appearance of necrotic area

    CASEOUS

  • 29

    Seen in tuberculosis, granuloma

    CASEOUS

  • 30

    Seen in acute pancreatitis

    FAT

  • 31

    Fatty Acids + Calcium = ?

    Chalky-white areas

  • 32

    Immune complex + fibrin = ?

    fibrinoid

  • 33

    - A protective universal response to tissue damage (mechanical trauma, tissue necrosis, infection) May be beneficial or harmful

    Inflammation

  • 34

    redness?

    rubor

  • 35

    heat

    calor

  • 36

    swelling

    tumor

  • 37

    pain

    dolor

  • 38

    loss of function

    functio laesa

  • 39

    vascular reaction: Occurs first and lasts only for seconds

    vasoconstriction

  • 40

    vascular reaction: Increased diameter of blood vessels -> Increased blood flow to area -> Erythema (heat and redness on site of infection)

    vasodilation

  • 41

    vascular reaction: (heat and redness on site of infection)

    Erythema

  • 42

    vascular reaction: extravasation of liquid portion of blood)

    Edema

  • 43

    Increased vascular permeability -> edema

    Endothelial activation

  • 44

    Classes of inflammation according to duration: Sudden onset; usually mild and self- limiting; Polymorphonuclear (PMNs) cells

    acute

  • 45

    Classes of inflammation according to duration: Involves persistence of injurious agent; often severe and progressive; Mononuclear cells

    chronic

  • 46

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Out-pouring of relatively protein-poor fluid; common in cavities

    serous

  • 47

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: More severe injury  more vascular permeability  more protein leaking (such as fibrinogen which is the precursor of fibrin)

    Fibrinous

  • 48

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Increased blood flow to mucosal vessels, enlargement of secretory vessels  discharge of mucus and epithelial debris

    Catarrhal

  • 49

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Disruption of blood vessel wall  leakage of large number of RBCs

    Hemorrhagic

  • 50

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Mainly due to bacterial infection or secondary condition

    Suppurative

  • 51

    collection of pus

    abscess

  • 52

    Classes of inflammation according to location: One site; not widespread

    localized

  • 53

    Classes of inflammation according to location: Whole organ; area of tissue; region of tissue

    generalized systemic

  • 54

    organs are smaller than the normal

    Retrogressive Changes

  • 55

    organs become larger than normal

    Progressive Changes

  • 56

    changes in the adult form of cell

    Degenerative Changes

  • 57

    replacement of one cell type of cells to another type in the same site (reversible)

    Metaplasia

  • 58

    A. means “disordered growth”; development of abnormal cell types within a tissue (reversible)

    Dysplasia

  • 59

    lack of differentiation of cells (irreversible)

    Anaplasia

  • 60

    means “new growth”; uncontrolled proliferation of cells with no purpose; due to carcinogens, or DNA alteration (irreversible)

    Neoplasia

  • 61

    acquired decrease of the size of a normally developed organ

    Atrophy

  • 62

    mass of neoplastic cells

    tumor

  • 63

    parts of tumor: actively dividing cells

    Parenchyma

  • 64

    Parts of Tumor; connective tissue framework and lymphatic and vascular channels

    stroma

  • 65

    incomplete development of the organ

    aplasia

  • 66

    failure of an organ to develop fully

    hypoplasia

  • 67

    complete non-appearance of an organ

    agenesia

  • 68

    failure of an organ to form an opening

    atresia

  • 69

    starved cells eat its own components during nutrient deprivation

    autophagy

  • 70

    A. abnormal tissue deposition of calcum salts

    pathologic calcification

  • 71

    progressive decline in the life span and functional capacity of cells

    cellular aging

  • 72

    Classification of tumor: Usually does not cause death except for infants and brain tumors

    BENIGN

  • 73

    Classification of tumor: Well-differentiated

    BENIGN

  • 74

    Classification of tumor: Usually progressive and slow; may come to a standstill or regress

    BENIGN

  • 75

    Classification of tumor: Metastasis is ABSENT (spread of tumor to other sites)

    BENIGN

  • 76

    Classification of tumor: Usually causes death

    MALIGNANT

  • 77

    Classification of tumor: Some lack of differentiation

    MALIGNANT

  • 78

    Classification of tumor: Erratic; may be slow to rapid

    MALIGNANT

  • 79

    Classification of tumor: Metastasis is FREQUENT

    MALIGNANT

  • 80

    • Refers to the complete cessation of metabolic and functional abilities of an organism

    somatic death

  • 81

    What are the three PRIMARY CHANGES OF DEATH (CRC)

    Circulatory failure, Respiratory failure, CNS failure

  • 82

    Primary changes of death occurs how many hours/mins/secs?

    4-6 mins

  • 83

    start of death when cardiac function ceases; flat electrocardiogram (ECG), and/or absence of heartbeat is indicative

    Circulatory failure

  • 84

    decrease O2 and increase CO2; loss of all processes necessary for life; absence of respiratory sounds and movements is indicative

    Respiratory failure

  • 85

    loss of coordination and reflexes; absence of brain stem reflex, and/or electroencephalogram (EEG) activity is indicative

    CNS failure

  • 86

    What are the 7 Secondary Changes of Death (ARLPDPA)?

    Algor mortis, Rigor mortis, livor mortis, post-mortem clotting, dessication, putrefaction, autolysis

  • 87

    • Cooling of the body; decrease in temperature

    Algor Mortis

  • 88

    • Equalizing of the body temperature to the external temp

    Algor Mortis

  • 89

    • Stiffening of muscles due to lack of ATP (ATP is responsible for driving calcium ions back to sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscles)

    Rigor mortis

  • 90

    • First appears in the involuntary muscles of heart

    Rigor mortis

  • 91

    .

    .

  • 92

    .

    .

  • 93

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    .

  • 94

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  • 95

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  • 96

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    - Changes made by a cell in response to stress or stimuli - May be physiologic or pathologic

    CELLULAR ADAPTATION

  • 2

    Alteration in cell structure or function due to stress or pathologic stimuli

    CELLULAR INJURY

  • 3

    - Occurs after irreversible injury

    CELL DEATH

  • 4

    - Induced by a tightly regulated programe in which cells destined to die activate enzymes that degrade the cells' own proteins and nuclear DNA

    APOPTOSIS

  • 5

    Pathologic cell death

    NECROSIS

  • 6

    - Presence of cleaved, active caspases (cysteine proteases that cleave aspartic acid residue) is a marker for cells undergoing apoptosis

    APOPTOSIS

  • 7

    Cells break up into apoptotic bodies, which are tasty targets for phagocytosis

    APOPTOSIS

  • 8

    Tissue is firm because architecture of dead tissue is preserved

    COAGULATIVE

  • 9

    Tissue becomes liquid viscous mass due to digestion of dead cells

    LIQUAFACTIVE

  • 10

    Due to ischemia and superimposed bacterial infection

    GANGRENOUS

  • 11

    Sterile necrosis

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 12

    Nonsterile necrosis (due to bacterial infection)

    WET GANGRENE

  • 13

    Means ‘cheese-like’

    CASEOUS

  • 14

    Fat destruction due to pancreatic lipase

    FAT

  • 15

    Seen in immune reactions when antigen- antibody complexes are deposited in walls of arteries

    FIBRINOID

  • 16

    localized area of coagulative necrosis

    INFARCT

  • 17

    Eosinophilic due to denaturation of proteins AND enzymes

    COAGULATIVE

  • 18

    Occurs on affected tissue when vessel is obstructed, except brain

    COAGULATIVE

  • 19

    Occurs during microbial infection Creamy yellow because of pus

    LIQUAFACTIVE

  • 20

    Affects CNS

    LIQUAFACTIVE

  • 21

    Combination of coagulation and liquefaction necrosis

    GANGRENOUS

  • 22

    Arterial occlusion

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 23

    sharp demarcation line

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 24

    less foul odor

    DRY GANGRENE

  • 25

    Vein occlusion

    WET GANGRENE

  • 26

    no sharp demarcation line

    WET GANGRENE

  • 27

    foul odor

    WET GANGRENE

  • 28

    Friable white appearance of necrotic area

    CASEOUS

  • 29

    Seen in tuberculosis, granuloma

    CASEOUS

  • 30

    Seen in acute pancreatitis

    FAT

  • 31

    Fatty Acids + Calcium = ?

    Chalky-white areas

  • 32

    Immune complex + fibrin = ?

    fibrinoid

  • 33

    - A protective universal response to tissue damage (mechanical trauma, tissue necrosis, infection) May be beneficial or harmful

    Inflammation

  • 34

    redness?

    rubor

  • 35

    heat

    calor

  • 36

    swelling

    tumor

  • 37

    pain

    dolor

  • 38

    loss of function

    functio laesa

  • 39

    vascular reaction: Occurs first and lasts only for seconds

    vasoconstriction

  • 40

    vascular reaction: Increased diameter of blood vessels -> Increased blood flow to area -> Erythema (heat and redness on site of infection)

    vasodilation

  • 41

    vascular reaction: (heat and redness on site of infection)

    Erythema

  • 42

    vascular reaction: extravasation of liquid portion of blood)

    Edema

  • 43

    Increased vascular permeability -> edema

    Endothelial activation

  • 44

    Classes of inflammation according to duration: Sudden onset; usually mild and self- limiting; Polymorphonuclear (PMNs) cells

    acute

  • 45

    Classes of inflammation according to duration: Involves persistence of injurious agent; often severe and progressive; Mononuclear cells

    chronic

  • 46

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Out-pouring of relatively protein-poor fluid; common in cavities

    serous

  • 47

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: More severe injury  more vascular permeability  more protein leaking (such as fibrinogen which is the precursor of fibrin)

    Fibrinous

  • 48

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Increased blood flow to mucosal vessels, enlargement of secretory vessels  discharge of mucus and epithelial debris

    Catarrhal

  • 49

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Disruption of blood vessel wall  leakage of large number of RBCs

    Hemorrhagic

  • 50

    Classes of inflammation according to character of Exudate: Mainly due to bacterial infection or secondary condition

    Suppurative

  • 51

    collection of pus

    abscess

  • 52

    Classes of inflammation according to location: One site; not widespread

    localized

  • 53

    Classes of inflammation according to location: Whole organ; area of tissue; region of tissue

    generalized systemic

  • 54

    organs are smaller than the normal

    Retrogressive Changes

  • 55

    organs become larger than normal

    Progressive Changes

  • 56

    changes in the adult form of cell

    Degenerative Changes

  • 57

    replacement of one cell type of cells to another type in the same site (reversible)

    Metaplasia

  • 58

    A. means “disordered growth”; development of abnormal cell types within a tissue (reversible)

    Dysplasia

  • 59

    lack of differentiation of cells (irreversible)

    Anaplasia

  • 60

    means “new growth”; uncontrolled proliferation of cells with no purpose; due to carcinogens, or DNA alteration (irreversible)

    Neoplasia

  • 61

    acquired decrease of the size of a normally developed organ

    Atrophy

  • 62

    mass of neoplastic cells

    tumor

  • 63

    parts of tumor: actively dividing cells

    Parenchyma

  • 64

    Parts of Tumor; connective tissue framework and lymphatic and vascular channels

    stroma

  • 65

    incomplete development of the organ

    aplasia

  • 66

    failure of an organ to develop fully

    hypoplasia

  • 67

    complete non-appearance of an organ

    agenesia

  • 68

    failure of an organ to form an opening

    atresia

  • 69

    starved cells eat its own components during nutrient deprivation

    autophagy

  • 70

    A. abnormal tissue deposition of calcum salts

    pathologic calcification

  • 71

    progressive decline in the life span and functional capacity of cells

    cellular aging

  • 72

    Classification of tumor: Usually does not cause death except for infants and brain tumors

    BENIGN

  • 73

    Classification of tumor: Well-differentiated

    BENIGN

  • 74

    Classification of tumor: Usually progressive and slow; may come to a standstill or regress

    BENIGN

  • 75

    Classification of tumor: Metastasis is ABSENT (spread of tumor to other sites)

    BENIGN

  • 76

    Classification of tumor: Usually causes death

    MALIGNANT

  • 77

    Classification of tumor: Some lack of differentiation

    MALIGNANT

  • 78

    Classification of tumor: Erratic; may be slow to rapid

    MALIGNANT

  • 79

    Classification of tumor: Metastasis is FREQUENT

    MALIGNANT

  • 80

    • Refers to the complete cessation of metabolic and functional abilities of an organism

    somatic death

  • 81

    What are the three PRIMARY CHANGES OF DEATH (CRC)

    Circulatory failure, Respiratory failure, CNS failure

  • 82

    Primary changes of death occurs how many hours/mins/secs?

    4-6 mins

  • 83

    start of death when cardiac function ceases; flat electrocardiogram (ECG), and/or absence of heartbeat is indicative

    Circulatory failure

  • 84

    decrease O2 and increase CO2; loss of all processes necessary for life; absence of respiratory sounds and movements is indicative

    Respiratory failure

  • 85

    loss of coordination and reflexes; absence of brain stem reflex, and/or electroencephalogram (EEG) activity is indicative

    CNS failure

  • 86

    What are the 7 Secondary Changes of Death (ARLPDPA)?

    Algor mortis, Rigor mortis, livor mortis, post-mortem clotting, dessication, putrefaction, autolysis

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    • Cooling of the body; decrease in temperature

    Algor Mortis

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    • Equalizing of the body temperature to the external temp

    Algor Mortis

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    • Stiffening of muscles due to lack of ATP (ATP is responsible for driving calcium ions back to sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscles)

    Rigor mortis

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    • First appears in the involuntary muscles of heart

    Rigor mortis

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