NCM 108 Bioethics

35問 • 1年前

問題一覧

is defined as the voluntary prevention of conception by the positive use of artificial means that hinder the generative cells from uniting during the sexual act.

Contraception

are spermicides that prevent conception by killing the sperms before they enter the uterine cavity or reach the Fallopian Tubes

CHEMICAL METHODS

act as barriers to block the sperm from entering the uterus, thus preventing conception.

MECHANICAL METHOD

▪ Pre-coital/post-coital douche using vinegar ▪Prolonged lactation ▪Coitus interruptus and coitus reservatus ( withdrawal)

FOLK METHODS

These methods have something to do with the production of hormones that affect a woman's ovulation process and menstrual cycle.

HORMONAL METHOD

Depo- Provera or Depo shots- given every 3months

INJECTIONS

last for up to 3 to 5 years and is over 99% effective

IMPLANTS

Contraception leads to widespread sexual immorality

True

It is this action that leaves people believing they have crossed an ethical boundary

Ethical concern

that life begins at fertilization, preventing implantation is seen as ending a potential life, which they equate to an ethical violation similar to abortion.

PRO-LIFE VIEW

those who support contraception or believe life begins only after implantation, or even later stages, may not see this as a moral problem, considering it part of responsible family planning.

PRO-CHOICE OR CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPORTERS

These groups promote natural family planning methods instead of artificial contraception.

Ethical and Religious Concerns

There are fewer male contraceptive options (like condoms or vasectomy), which shifts most of the contraceptive burden to women.

Gender Inequality

In many parts of the world, access to contraception is limited due to cost. Women and families in lower-income communities may not have the same access to a full range of contraceptive options, which can limit their ability to control their reproductive health.

Access and Equity

good

thanatos

death

killing a patient by active means

Active Euthanasia or Aggressive Euthanasia

When euthanasia is conducted on a person who is unable to consent due to their current health condition (coma or severely mentally incapacitated)

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia

intentionally letting a patient die by withholding artificial life support

Passive Euthanasia

comes from the Greek word eu ( good) thanatos (death)

Euthanasia

This happens when euthanasia is performed on a person who could provide consent but has not given it. ( against the patient’s wishes)

Involuntary Euthanasia

When euthanasia is conducted with consent.

Voluntary Euthanasia

involves providing a person, usually someone suffering from a terminal illness or severe pain, with the means or assistance to end their own life voluntarily.

Assisted Suicide or Physician-assisted Suicide

They believe that suffering can be alleviated without resorting to ending life.

Palliative Care

meaning they should have control over their bodies and lives, including the right to choose death if they are suffering.

Autonomy and Consent

Proponents of euthanasia often emphasize the importance of allowing people to die with dignity rather than enduring prolonged suffering or loss of quality of life.

Dignity in Death

Opponents believe that life is inherently valuable, and it is morally wrong to intentionally end a life. Many religious and cultural traditions view euthanasia as equivalent to murder, based on the belief that life is sacred and only natural death should be allowed.

Sanctity of Life

There is a concern that legal euthanasia could be abused, leading to non-consensual euthanasia or people feeling pressured to choose death due to financial or social reasons.

Risk of Abuse

Legalizing euthanasia could lead to a societal devaluation of life, particularly for the elderly, disabled, or mentally ill, leading to pressure on vulnerable people to choose euthanasia.

Devaluation of Life

Many religious and moral traditions teach that life is sacred, and ending life prematurely is morally wrong, regardless of the circumstances.

Moral and Religious Opposition

refers to the prolongation of a person's life in a way that extends suffering, often through aggressive medical treatments that are unlikely to provide a meaningful recovery.

Dysthanasia

“dys”

bad

Dys thanatos

prolonged dying

occurs when a patient's death is artificially delayed through invasive procedures or life-support systems, leading to extended periods of suffering without realistic hope of recovery or improvement.

PROLONGATION OF SUFFERING

are considered futile, meaning they are unlikely to reverse the condition or lead to any significant recovery. However, treatments continue, either due to family requests, medical protocol, or societal pressure.

MEDICAL FUTILITY

NCM 104- RA Community Health Nursing (PRELIM)

ユーザ名非公開 · 43問 · 1年前

NCM 104- RA Community Health Nursing (PRELIM)