NCM 108-R (Bioethics) (PRELIM)

69問 • 1年前

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a branch of philosophy that consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision-making, and its major concerns on the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged as right or wrong.

Ethics

is a science that deals with studying the morality of human conduct concerning health and health care.

Health care ethics

is a science that deals with the study of the morality of human conduct concerning human life in all its aspects from the moment of its existence and should be respected from the moment of its conception to its natural end.

Bioethics

is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy

Biology

To address the perennial ethical problems, issues, dilemmas confronting health workers

Rationale in the study of Health Ethics

Is a branch of moral science that treats the duties of a member of the nursing profession towards co workers, other members of the health care team, clients and client’s family members.

NURSING ETHICS

The division of ethics that concerns one’s conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

refers to the laws that govern the nursing profession which all nurses must adhere to, to protect the people.

NURSING PRACTICE ACT

delineates nursing moral ideals, provides guidelines for ethically principled behavior, and holds nurses morally accountable for their actions.

CODE OF ETHICS

is the discipline of evaluating the merits, risks, and social concerns of activities in the field of nursing

Nursing Ethics

is based on an understanding that to practice nursing as a student is an agreement to uphold the trust with which society has placed in us.

The code of Academic and Clinical conduct

Provide guidance for carrying out nursing responsibilities consistent with the ethical obligations of the profession.

NURSING CODE OF ETHICS: BON Resolution 220 series 2004

This is where a nurse fails to question a doctor’s order and is often cited as proof of nurses’ independent accountability.

Somera Case

A relationship in which an individual places complete confidence, trust, and reliance in someone who has a fiduciary duty to act for the individual’s benefit.

Fiduciary relationship

The fiduciary must act honestly and in good faith, putting the interests of the principal above their own.

Duty of Good Faith

The fiduciary must act in the best interests of the principal, avoiding conflicts of interest and self-dealing.

Duty of Loyalty

The fiduciary must fully disclose any information that might affect the principal's interests or decisions.

Duty of Full Disclosure

The fiduciary must keep information related to the principal's interests confidential.

Duty of Confidentiality

The fiduciary must act with the care, competence, and diligence that is reasonably expected in their role.

Duty of Care

refers to the set of behaviors and expectations that are considered acceptable and appropriate in a professional setting

Professional Etiquette

are legally enforceable, meaning that if a fiduciary fails to uphold their duties, they can be held liable for any resulting harm or loss to the principal. This can result in legal actions such as claims for breach of fiduciary duty.

Legal Implications

Principles or standards that guide individuals on how to behave ethically and appropriately in society.

Morals

broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. It reflects a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all",

Values

morality is exclusively within the human personality; what is morally right or wrong is solely a matter of intent, motive and will

Intuitionism

it emphasizes duty, rules, and obligation Duties are derived from the supreme principle of morality known as categorical imperative.

Deontology

people should be treated as ends in themselves and not merely as means to an end. This means respecting the inherent dignity and worth of individuals.

Respect for persons

An act is moral if the act is performed or done from a sense of duty or obligations regardless of their consequences.

Duty and obligation

Meaning that actions are right or wrong according to whether they adhere to specific moral rules or principles

Moral rules

The essence of morality is based on the motive from which an act is done.

Kantian Ethics

Moral dictate of the categorical imperative: forbids lying, stealing, killing, breaking promises

Universal law formula

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Humanity formula

means governing, regulating, and restraining oneself including one’s own choices or courses of action, in accord with moral principles which are one’s own and which are binding on everyone specifically

Autonomy

rightness or wrongness solely depends on the consequences of actions

Teleology

meaning end, limit, goal, result, fulfillment and completion.

Genitive of telos

maximize the person’s self interest

Ethical egoism

is good if it results in maximum satisfaction for many people who are likely to get affected by the action.

Utilitarianism

fulfillment of goals along with the welfare of human beings

Eudaimonism

a form of social contract theory that emphasizes fairness and equality in the distribution of goods and opportunities in society.

Rawl’s theory

is doing or active promotion of good. refers to actions that promote the well being of others. In the medical context, this means taking actions that serve the best interests of patients.

Beneficence

means duty to do no harm or avoid evil.

Non maleficence

rooted in the concept of Natural Law, which he believed was the basis for all moral principles. Natural Law refers to a set of moral principles inherent in human nature, which can be discovered through reason.

St. Thomas Aquinas

A part of Eternal Law that applies to human beings. It represents the moral principles that can be discovered through reason, guiding humans to act by their nature and purpose.

Natural Law

Revealed law, primarily found in the scriptures, which guides humans towards their ultimate end, which is eternal happiness with God.

Divine Law

The divine wisdom of God governs the entire universe. It is the ultimate source of all laws.

Eternal Law

Laws created by human societies, which should be derived from Natural Law and promote the common good.

Human Law

virtue of self-control. It regulates our desires and keeps our instincts in check, ensuring that we do not overindulge in pleasures.

Temperance

virtue of courage and strength in facing difficulties, challenges, and adversities.

Fortitude

enables us to discern the appropriate course of action in any given situation.

Prudence

virtue that involves giving each person what is rightfully due to them

Justice

is often described as moral intuitionism because he believed that we have intuitive knowledge of these prima facie duties. This means that we can recognize these duties through our moral intuition without needing a detailed theoretical justification.

Ross theory

The duty to be grateful for the benefits others have given us and to return kindness.

Gratitude

The duty to keep promises and to be truthful.

Fidelity

The duty to help others, to promote their happiness, and to improve their conditions.

Beneficence

The duty to avoid harming others.

Non-Maleficence

The duty to make amends for harm we have caused to others.

Reparation

The duty to distribute benefits and burdens fairly, and to ensure that people get what they deserve.

Justice

The duty to improve oneself, particularly in terms of virtue and intelligence.

Self-improvement

hold that ethical value of an individual is determined by his character

Virtue Ethical Theory

viewed as an approach of ethical deliberation about the moral character and dispositions of nurses as moral agents

Virtue Ethical in Nursing

hold that self-regulation, loyalty, impartial judgment, altruism, truthfulness, and public service determine the intrinsic and instrumental ethical quality of an individual associated with communities

Professional Character Ethics

hold that the identification and development of noble human traits help in determining both the instrumental and intrinsic value of human ethical interactions.

Individual Character Ethics

The identification and development of reflective, practitioner, noble traits at work such as creativity, honesty, loyalty, honor, trustworthiness, civility, dependability, shared work pride, empathy, etc. determine the intrinsic and instrumental ethical quality of work life

Work Character Ethics

being modest in dealings, unpretentious with simplicity, and submissive.

Humility

acting with cautiousness foresight and discretion.

Prudence

refers to being fair and just in character and behavior, free of deceit.

Honesty

the ability to disregard fear in acting out one’s convictions and beliefs

Courage

refers to the obligation of a person to be faithful to agreements, responsibilities, and commitments that he has made to himself or others.

Fidelity

showing deferential esteem felt or shown towards a person

Respect

serving others selflessly

Compassion

NCM 104- RA Community Health Nursing (PRELIM)

ユーザ名非公開 · 43問 · 1年前

NCM 104- RA Community Health Nursing (PRELIM)