NCM 108-R (Bioethics- Midterm)

52問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

defined as how we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings.

Sexuality

ways individuals engage in sexual activities

Sexual behaviors

heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, asexuality

Sexual orientation

involving issues like sexually transmitted infections (STIs), contraception, and healthy sexual practices

Sexual health

motional and physical connections between individuals

Intimacy and relationships

one's internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or another gender

Gender identity

it is useful to understand the relationship of the person and sex that mirrors the relationship between the person and the body.

In sexual ethics

refers to the right of individuals to make decisions about their bodies without external interference.

Person-to-body relationship

It emphasizes the importance of bodily autonomy, respect for personal integrity, and the impact of cultural and social factors on sexual ethics. It ensures that individuals' rights and dignity are upheld in all sexual interactions.

Bodily Autonomy and Consent

Individuals should have the right to make informed decisions about their sexual activities, including who they engage with and under what circumstances. Consent must be clear, voluntary, and ongoing, respecting each person's autonomy.

Person-to-sex relationship

examines how different societies view, regulate, and express sexuality and procreation, and how cultural norms, values, and social structures shape these practices.

Anthropology

Procreation is central to the survival of human communities, but its meaning and regulation vary. Many societies attach deep social, religious, and moral significance to reproduction.

Reproductive Norms

In some cultures, sexual initiation rites or puberty rituals mark the transition to adulthood, emphasizing the cultural importance of sexual development.

Rites of Passage

In some cultures, procreation is connected to religious or spiritual practices, and rituals may be performed to ensure fertility, healthy offspring, or the continuation of a lineage. These practices reflect the importance of procreation in the cultural worldview.

Fertility Rituals

Certain sexual behaviors or relationships may be encouraged in one culture but forbidden in another. For example, some cultures accept premarital sex, while others enforce strict rules around chastity before marriage.

Sexual Norms and Taboos

it can be formed through marriage, adoption, or social alliances.

Kinship Systems is based on blood relations

has a divine purpose that aligns with the dignity of the human person and the sanctity of marriage.

Human sexuality

aim to guide individuals and couples in integrating their sexuality in a way that aligns with their faith and moral principles.

Church’s teachings

In many ethical and religious traditions, the reproductive view supports the idea that sex should occur within the context of marriage, where procreation is seen as a natural and moral outcome of sexual activity.

Moral and Social Implications

it centers on the biological and procreative functions of sexual activity. It emphasizes the role of sex in reproduction and the continuation of the species.

Traditional ( Reproductive view of Sex)

the primary biological purpose of sex is reproduction. Sexual activity is seen as a means to produce offspring and ensure the species’ survival.

Biological Purpose

emphasizes the role of sexual activity in expressing personal identity, intimacy, and emotional connection. It focuses on how sex serves as a means of expressing and deepening the bond between individuals.

Liberal or expressive view of sex

Ethical considerations within this view often focus on the moral implications of reproductive technologies, contraception, and abortion. It emphasizes the need to align sexual activity with the natural law of reproduction.

Reproductive Ethics

mutual consent and respect. Sex should be consensual and should enhance the well-being and happiness of both partners.

Consent and Mutuality

sex is an important expression of love, affection, and intimacy between partners

Emotional and Relational Connection

While the reproductive potential of sex is acknowledged, the expressive view does not prioritize reproduction as the primary purpose of sexual activity. Instead, it sees sexual expression as valuable in and of itself.

Non-Reproductive Aspects

sexual activity can be a crucial part of one’s identity and self- expression. It allows individuals to explore and affirm their desires, preferences, and identity.

Personal Identity

means same-sex marriage is not recognized by the law in the Philippines

Union between a man and a woman

is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered by law for the establishment of conjugal/family life.

Family Code of the Philippines, article 1

which means the purpose of marriage seeks conjugality and procreativeness

The union is entered for the establishment of conjugal and family life

there is no DIVORCE in the Philippines.

Marriage is a permanent union and it is indissoluble

is the foundation of the family

Marriage

This means prioritizing the well-being and happiness of the spouse and making sacrifices for the relationship. Each partner respects and values the other’s individuality and needs, contributing to a balanced and supportive relationship.

Total Self-Giving

The love shared between spouses is meant to be open to the creation of new life, reflecting the belief that sexuality has a dual purpose: to unite the couple and to bring forth children.

Unitive and Procreative

It is a bond that is intended to be shared only between the married couple, reinforcing the commitment and trust within the relationship.

Exclusive

standing by each other through challenges and maintaining trust and loyalty.

Faithful

The love in marriage should nurture the personal growth and development of both partners, as well as the growth of any children they may have.

Fruitful

It is considered a criminal offense and is punishable by law. This reflects the legal stance against sexual relations outside of marriage for women.

Adultery (Article 333)

involves a married man engaging in sexual relations with a woman who is not his wife, under certain circumstances. This law also imposes legal consequences and reflects societal norms concerning marital fidelity.

Concubinage (334)

(Article 36) include lack of consent and other serious issues. Infidelity, though not a direct ground, may impact the perception of consent and the validity of the marital relationship.

Declaration of Nullity

he Family Code provides grounds for the annulment of marriage, which may include psychological incapacity (Article 45) and other specific conditions. it can be relevant in cases where it impacts the marital relationship or reveals deeper issues.

Annulment

must be substantial and relate to a matter that affects the essential aspects of the marriage.

Fraud

if either party is between 18 and 21 years of age at the time of marriage and did not obtain the necessary parental consent

Lack of parental consent

if the marriage is not celebrated under the law, such as when one party is still legally married to another person, or when the marriage was solemnized by an officiant without proper authority.

Marriage is voidable

If either party is found to be psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, as defined under Article 35(4) of the Family Code.

Psychological incapacity

If the consent to the marriage was obtained through force, intimidation, or undue influence, making the consent not freely given.

Force

Victims of infidelity may seek legal remedies through the courts, including divorce (if applicable), annulment, or separation, which may affect the distribution of property and custody of children.

Legal Remedies

Philippine society, influenced by traditional and religious values, generally views sex outside of marriage as morally and ethically problematic. These norms impact legal considerations and social attitudes toward such behavior.

Moral and Social Norms

typically emphasize the importance of marital fidelity and view sex outside of marriage as contrary to traditional values.

Cultural Norms

These religious views influence societal attitudes and legal considerations regarding marital fidelity.

Catholic Teachings

Sex outside of marriage can lead to family disruptions, including issues related to trust, relationship stability, and the well-being of children. These impacts may be considered in legal and social contexts.

Family Stability

arising from extramarital relationships can affect legal decisions regarding child custody, support, and family responsibilities.

Custody and Support issues

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問題一覧

defined as how we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings.

Sexuality

ways individuals engage in sexual activities

Sexual behaviors

heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, asexuality

Sexual orientation

involving issues like sexually transmitted infections (STIs), contraception, and healthy sexual practices

Sexual health

motional and physical connections between individuals

Intimacy and relationships

one's internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or another gender

Gender identity

it is useful to understand the relationship of the person and sex that mirrors the relationship between the person and the body.

In sexual ethics

refers to the right of individuals to make decisions about their bodies without external interference.

Person-to-body relationship

Bodily Autonomy and Consent

Person-to-sex relationship

examines how different societies view, regulate, and express sexuality and procreation, and how cultural norms, values, and social structures shape these practices.

Anthropology

Procreation is central to the survival of human communities, but its meaning and regulation vary. Many societies attach deep social, religious, and moral significance to reproduction.

Reproductive Norms

In some cultures, sexual initiation rites or puberty rituals mark the transition to adulthood, emphasizing the cultural importance of sexual development.

Rites of Passage

Fertility Rituals

Sexual Norms and Taboos

it can be formed through marriage, adoption, or social alliances.

Kinship Systems is based on blood relations

has a divine purpose that aligns with the dignity of the human person and the sanctity of marriage.

Human sexuality

aim to guide individuals and couples in integrating their sexuality in a way that aligns with their faith and moral principles.

Church’s teachings

Moral and Social Implications

it centers on the biological and procreative functions of sexual activity. It emphasizes the role of sex in reproduction and the continuation of the species.

Traditional ( Reproductive view of Sex)

the primary biological purpose of sex is reproduction. Sexual activity is seen as a means to produce offspring and ensure the species’ survival.

Biological Purpose

Liberal or expressive view of sex

Reproductive Ethics

mutual consent and respect. Sex should be consensual and should enhance the well-being and happiness of both partners.

Consent and Mutuality

sex is an important expression of love, affection, and intimacy between partners

Emotional and Relational Connection

Non-Reproductive Aspects

sexual activity can be a crucial part of one’s identity and self- expression. It allows individuals to explore and affirm their desires, preferences, and identity.

Personal Identity

means same-sex marriage is not recognized by the law in the Philippines

Union between a man and a woman

is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered by law for the establishment of conjugal/family life.

Family Code of the Philippines, article 1

which means the purpose of marriage seeks conjugality and procreativeness

The union is entered for the establishment of conjugal and family life

there is no DIVORCE in the Philippines.

Marriage is a permanent union and it is indissoluble

is the foundation of the family

Marriage

Total Self-Giving

The love shared between spouses is meant to be open to the creation of new life, reflecting the belief that sexuality has a dual purpose: to unite the couple and to bring forth children.

Unitive and Procreative

It is a bond that is intended to be shared only between the married couple, reinforcing the commitment and trust within the relationship.

Exclusive

standing by each other through challenges and maintaining trust and loyalty.

Faithful

The love in marriage should nurture the personal growth and development of both partners, as well as the growth of any children they may have.

Fruitful

It is considered a criminal offense and is punishable by law. This reflects the legal stance against sexual relations outside of marriage for women.

Adultery (Article 333)

Concubinage (334)

(Article 36) include lack of consent and other serious issues. Infidelity, though not a direct ground, may impact the perception of consent and the validity of the marital relationship.

Declaration of Nullity

Annulment

must be substantial and relate to a matter that affects the essential aspects of the marriage.

Fraud

if either party is between 18 and 21 years of age at the time of marriage and did not obtain the necessary parental consent

Lack of parental consent

if the marriage is not celebrated under the law, such as when one party is still legally married to another person, or when the marriage was solemnized by an officiant without proper authority.

Marriage is voidable

If either party is found to be psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, as defined under Article 35(4) of the Family Code.

Psychological incapacity

If the consent to the marriage was obtained through force, intimidation, or undue influence, making the consent not freely given.

Force

Victims of infidelity may seek legal remedies through the courts, including divorce (if applicable), annulment, or separation, which may affect the distribution of property and custody of children.

Legal Remedies

Moral and Social Norms

typically emphasize the importance of marital fidelity and view sex outside of marriage as contrary to traditional values.

Cultural Norms

These religious views influence societal attitudes and legal considerations regarding marital fidelity.

Catholic Teachings

Family Stability

arising from extramarital relationships can affect legal decisions regarding child custody, support, and family responsibilities.

Custody and Support issues